1. Semisolid Dosage forms.
fo ms
By
Prof. Dr. V. A. Dole.
Joint Director
Centre For Postgraduate studies & Research.
H. O. D. Rasashastra
Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Pune 411011,
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2. Specific Learning objective
 General meaning.
 Definitions of Liquid & Semisolid.
 Different Semisolid dosage forms
forms.
 Development.
 S O P s, end points tests etc.
S. O. d i t t t t
 Semi solid dosage form for external
applications
ppli tion
 Modern semisolid dosage forms.
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3. General meaning & Definition.
Definition
 Dosage form means specific form in which a
drug is used.
 Drugs which are not solid or liquid can be
g q
called as semisolid.
 Material that could be poured & that flows &
has no ability to retain any shape when not
confined –Liquid.
 M t i l that retain shape when not confined
Material th t t i h h t fi d
but deforms or flows when external force is
applied- semisolid
applied-is semisolid.
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4. Available semisolid forms.
forms
 Two basic types
types.
 1 For internal use.
2F
2.For external application.
t l li ti
 Examples.
 1-Rasakriya,Leha, Avaleha, Prash, Paka,
Avaleha, Prash, Paka,
Khand.
Khand.
 2-Lepa, Malahara, Upanah.
Malahara, Upanah.
 ?Ghruta.
Ghruta.
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5. Definitions & N
D fi iti Nomenclature
l t
 Definition of Leha, Avaleha, & Rasakriya is
Leha, Avaleha,
same & given in one verse.
 Practically presence of sugar or jagary &
consistency of finished product form base
of the nomenclature.
nomenclature
 No hard and fast rule.
 Examples.
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6. Development.
Development
 Need to invent new dosage forms
forms.
 Short shelf life.
 Diffi lt in consumption.
Difficulty i ti
 Taste, dose etc.
 Causative factors for short shelf life-
life-
 Moisture,Microbes,Herbal contents
Moisture Microbes Herbal
 How objectives could be achieved ?
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7. The standard operating procedure
Rasakriya.
Rasakriya.
ki
 Aim is to form such a drug which has
longer shelf life & is consumed by licking.
 Water content is reduced by heating
decoction till desired consistency is
obtained
obtained.
 In some traditions powder form is
obtained and used.
bt i d d d
 Should be stored in air tight container.
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8. S.O.P.s
S O P s Of Leha,etc.
Leha,etc
Leha etc.
 Reheating of decoction, addition of sugar
or jagary and mixing herbal powders.
powders
 Heating expressed juice, addition of sugar
and herbal powders.
powders
 Heating fruit pulp, addition of sugar and
herbal powders.
 Heating after addition of sugar/ jagary for
specific time decides desired consistency.
 Examples.
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9. End points, Tests etc.
points etc
 These are facts which indicate good
quality of the product.
 End points are to be observed during
production.
T t t d t
Tests to determine good quality are
i d lit
performed on finished product.
 Examples.
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10. Laboratory tests
tests.
 Viscosity.
Viscosity
 Sugar
S
 Presence of Microbes.
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11. Semisolid dosage forms for external
applications-- Lepa
applications--
li i
1 Main constituent is ground in a suitable
medium or fine powder is thoroughly
mixed
2 Water, Cows’ urine, Decoctions, juices
etc are used as media
etc.are media.
3 Action enhances during drying.
4 Not applied over open wounds.
5 Cold or hot, Pradeha or p
, pralepa.
pralepa.
p
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12. Malahara
 Two main constituents.
constituents
 Base and very fine powder.
 Oil Ghee, Butter, wax, or th i
Oil, Gh B tt their
combinations can be used as base.
 Powder is intimately mixed.drug applied
over wounds and bandaged.
 Oil or Ghee help in spreading the drug.
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13. Upanaha.
Upanaha.
 Meant for local fomentation.
fomentation
 Flour of Wheat etc, drug like Turmeric
powder,
powder oil and water are boiled together
to form semisolid dough. Kept over a
suitably thick cloth, bandaged over spot.
cloth spot
 Action lasts till temperature is maintained..
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14. Common entities.
entities
 Modes of action are transcutanious
transcutanious.
 Oil/ Ghee play important role.
 Li it d indications presently.
Limited i di ti tl
 Can modern techniques help in
standardization?
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15. Semisolid Dosage forms used in
Modern Medicine.
d di i
 Most are for external application like
ointment, liniment, paste gel creams etc.
 Dosage form akin to Avaleha is confection
confection.
 Tonics of past were in this form.
 Science Governing their consistencies is
called Rheology.
Rheology.
 Study of flow or deformation of semisolids
under stress.
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16. Ointment.
Ointment
 Fluid hydrocarbons meshed in matrix of
higher melting solid hydrocarbons.
 Prepared by melting the compounds
togather.
togather.
 Abilit to cling to the surface of application
Ability t li t th f f li ti
for reasonable duration before washed out
or worn out.t
 Siktha taila is ointment as per this
definition.
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17. Pastes and creams etc
etc.
 Pastes are type of ointment containing
high percentage of insoluble materials.
 They form a barrier of protective nature
nature.
 Creams are semisolid emulsions with
opaque appearance.
 Gels are liquid states constrained inside
the three dimensional polymeric
compounds.
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18. Modes of actions
 Per cutanious absorption through folicular
way and by diffusion.
 Physico-chemical properties of the
Physico-
constituents
 Th ‘ Vyavayi ’
The V i ’property ofoils or Gh
t f il Ghee
 Condition of the skin.
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19. Conclusions
 Different semisolid dosage forms for internal
as well as external uses were studied with
their developments and s.o p.s ,end points
tests etc.
 Semisolid dosage forms from Modern
Medicine were seen with their scientific base.
 Can principles of Rheology be applied for
Ayurvedic semisolid dosage forms?
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20. Thank you!!
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