1. CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT @teleject
ADAPTIVE IMAGES
IN RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
REFRESH AUSTIN 2013

2. @teleject
CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT

3. @teleject
http://cssdevconf.com/

4. @teleject
http://rwdsummit.com/

5. @teleject
http://dwmgbook.com/

7. WHY DON’T WE ASK
THE BROWSER?
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

8. Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1)
http://www.useragentstring.com/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

9. Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1)
Mozilla/1.22 (compatible;
MSIE 2.0; Windows 95)
http://www.useragentstring.com/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

10. Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac
OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/
534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3
http://www.useragentstring.com/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

11. Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac
OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/
534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3
http://webaim.org/blog/user-agent-string-history/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

12. FEATURE TESTING
vs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1
2
3

13. FEATURE TESTING
vs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2
3

14. A scripting approach
var myWidth = 0, myHeight = 0;
if( typeof( window.innerWidth ) == 'number' ) {
//Non-IE
myWidth = window.innerWidth;
myHeight = window.innerHeight;
} else if( document.documentElement &&
( document.documentElement.clientWidth ||
document.documentElement.clientHeight ) ) {
//IE 6+ in 'standards compliant mode'
myWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth;
myHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight;
}
http://www.howtocreate.co.uk/tutorials/javascript/browserwindow

15. The jQuery approach
// returns width of browser viewport
$(window).width();
// returns height of browser viewport
$(window).height();
// returns width of HTML document
$(document).width();
// returns height of HTML document
$(document).height();
http://api.jquery.com/width/ & http://api.jquery.com/height/

16. CSS media queries
// default, mobile-1st CSS rules devices go here
@media screen and (min-width: 480px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 910px) { ... }

17. (cc) flic.kr/p/8Lo5Gk

18. BROWSER WIDTH
GIVES US FRAME,
NOT THE CANVAS

19. FEATURE TESTING
vs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2 Screen resolution
3

20. 72 PPI
HAS SERVED US WELL
(cc) flic.kr/p/6tjjRP

21. 72 points-per-inch =
72 pixels-per-inch

22. 96 PPI
IF A WINDOWS USER

23. 72 points-per-inch
x [1+(1/3)]
= 96 PPI

24. “RETINA” DISPLAYS
300ppi at 12 inches from the eyes
78μm
78μm
goo.gl/zpkFy

26. 240
144
72 PPI

27. “ [In 2013, Intel sees their
product line] offer a higher
resolution experience than a
top-of-the-line 1080p HDTV.”
http://liliputing.com/2012/04/intel-retina-laptop-
desktop-displays-coming-in-2013.html

28. 72 PPI

29. 240

30. 240 PPI

31. 240 PPI

32. 72 PPI

33. RETINA DISPLAYS =
LARGER IMAGES,
LARGER FILE SIZES

34. FEATURE TESTING
vs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2 Screen resolution
3 Bandwidth

35. SPEED TESTS
HINDER SPEED,
USER EXPERIENCE
(cc) flic.kr/p/4DziUN

36. “ Testing for speed of an
internet connection is like
stepping in front of a car to see
how fast it is.”
(cc) flic.kr/p/4DziUN

37. “ Testing for speed of an
internet connection is like
stepping in front of a car to see
how fast it is.”
“ But, Christopher, you only
have to test it once.”
(cc) flic.kr/p/4DziUN

38. Speed test image
https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js

39. Speed test image
+50k
https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js

40. Native speed test
// @Modernizr's network-connection.js
connection = navigator.connection || {
type: 0 }, // polyfill
isSlowConnection = connection.type == 3
|| connection.type == 4
| /^[23]g$/.test(connection.type);
http://davidbcalhoun.com/2010/using-navigator-connection-android

41. IMG
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
1
2
3

42. IMG
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
1 .htaccess
2
3

43. Filament .htaccess
# Responsive Images
# Mobile-First images that scale responsively and responsibly
# Copyright 2010, Scott Jehl, Filament Group, Inc
# Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses.
# //Start Responsive Images
RewriteEngine On
# direct image requests to temp
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} full=(.*)&?
RewriteRule (.*)rwd-router/.*.(jpe?g|png|gif|webp) $1%1 [L]
# ignore trap for non-image requests, rewrite URL without trap segment
RewriteRule (.*)rwd-router/(.*)$ $1$2
# //End Responsive Images
https://github.com/filamentgroup/Responsive-Images

44. Filament .htaccess
<script src="responsiveimgs.js"></script>
<img src="sample-content/running-sml.jpg?
full=sample-content/running-lrg.jpg" />
4+ 8+

45. “ ...the server has no way to
know what resolution the
client’s device is, so it can’t
send the appropriately sized
embeded images.”
http://mattwilcox.net/archive/entry/id/1053/

46. http://adaptive-images.com/

47. ADD .HTACCESS, JS,
PHP 5, GD lib*, &
THEN <IMG>

48. IMG
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
1 .htaccess
2 <picture> and/or srcset
3

49. media queries in HTML
<video controls>
<source type="video/mp4" src="video/windowsill_small.mp4"
media="all and (max-width: 480px), all and (max-device-width:
480px)">
<source type="video/webm" src="video/windowsill_small.webm"
media="all and (max-width: 480px), all and (max-device-width:
480px)">
<source type="video/mp4" src="video/windowsill.mp4">
<source type="video/webm" src="video/windowsill.webm">
<!-- proper fallback content goes here -->
</video>
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/03/15/polyfilling-
picture-without-the-overhead/

50. <picture> patch
<picture alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon temple in Angkor Thom,
Cambodia">
<!-- <source src="small.jpg"> -->
<source src="small.jpg">
<!-- <source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)"> -->
<source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)">
<!-- <source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)"> -->
<source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">
<!-- Fallback content for non-JS browsers. Same src as the initial
source element. -->
<noscript><img src="small.jpg" alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon
temple in Angkor Thom, Cambodia"></noscript>
</picture>
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/03/15/polyfilling-
picture-without-the-overhead/

51. ADD IF-ELSE HTML, JS,
BORROW <VIDEO>, &
THEN <IMG>

52. @srcset standard?
<h1><img alt="The Breakfast Combo"
src="banner.jpeg"
srcset="banner-HD.jpeg 2x,
banner-phone.jpeg 100w,
banner-phone-HD.jpeg 100w 2x">
</h1>
http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/
embedded-content-1.html#attr-img-srcset

53. IMG
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
1 .htaccess
2 <picture>
3 HiSRC

54. Set, forget it HiSRC
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/
libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="hisrc.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$(".hisrc img").hisrc();
});
</script>

55. Set, forget it HiSRC
<div class="hisrc">
<img src="halloween-mobile-1st.png"
data-1x="halloween-x1.png"
data-2x="halloween-x2.jpg"
alt="Celebrating Halloween in style" />
</div>

56. Set, forget it HiSRC
<div class="hisrc">
<img src="halloween-mobile-1st.png"
data-1x="halloween-x1.png"
data-2x="halloween-x2.jpg"
alt="Celebrating Halloween in style" />
</div>

57. SERIES OF CHECKS TO
FIND OUT RESPONSIVE
PATH FOR IMAGES...

58. DO NATIVE SPEED
TEST FOR MOBILE
DEVICES FIRST...
http://davidbcalhoun.com/2010/using-navigator-connection-android

59. Check pixel density...
$.hisrc.devicePixelRatio = 1;
if(window.devicePixelRatio !==
undefined) {
$.hisrc.devicePixelRatio =
window.devicePixelRatio
};
https://gist.github.com/2428356

60. Force speed test
+50k
https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js

61. LESS THAN 4G MEANS
MOBILE IMAGES LEFT
IN PLACE

62. BETWEEN 4G &
300 Kbps MEANS
REGULAR DESKTOP
IMAGES SWAPPED IN

63. FAST SPEED & HIGH
DENSITY, RETINA
IMAGES SWAPPED IN
https://github.com/crdeutsch/hisrc/tree/v2

64. 2 TRICK PONY

65. CSS IS CORE.
WE USE CSS MEDIA
QUERIES FOR DESIGN

66. http://mediaqueri.es/

67. CSS media queries
// default, mobile-1st CSS rules devices go here
@media screen and (min-width: 480px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 910px) { ... }

68. Single pixel GIF

69. Single pixel GIF

70. Single pixel GIF

71. Single pixel GIF

72. Single pixel GIF
$.hisrc.defaults = {
useTransparentGif: true,
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/04/06/responsive-
content-images-using-a-spacer-png-and-background-image/

73. Single pixel GIF
$.hisrc.defaults = {
useTransparentGif: true,
transparentGifSrc: 'data:image/
gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAMz/
AAAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAE
AAAICRAEAOw==',
17+ 9+ 11.6+ 5+ 8+

74. Single pixel GIF
$.hisrc.defaults = {
useTransparentGif: true,
transparentGifSrc: 'http://
example.com/spg.gif',
17+ 9+ 11.6+ 5+ 6+

75. 2 APPROACHES,
1 SIMPLE SOLUTION.
https://github.com/teleject/hisrc

76. 2 APPROACHES,
1 SIMPLE SOLUTION.
HEART WEB DESIGN
https://github.com/teleject/hisrc

77. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1
2
3
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

78. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1 background-size: auto
2
3
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

79. http://fittextjs.com/

81. background-size: 100%
<a href="example.com/link">Download on Github</a>
.download a {
padding: .095em .8em;
background: url(../img/arrow.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 100%;
margin-left: .4em;
-webkit-transition: margin 0.15s ease-out;
-moz-transition: margin 0.15s ease-out;
text-decoration: none;
}
17+ 9+ 11.6+ 5+ 9+

82. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1 background-size: auto
2 SVG
3
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

83. SVG

86. Native SVG
http://caniuse.com/#search=SVG%20in%20HTML%20img%20element

87. PNG 16kb
SVG 7kb
17+ 9+ 11.6+ 5+ 9+

88. HTML5 Boilerplate
<!doctype html>
<!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8 lt-ie7"
lang="en">
<![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8" lang="en">
<![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en"> <!
[endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <!--<!
[endif]-->
<head>

89. jQuery check
var checkBrowser =
$('html').hasClass('lt-ie9');
<div class="svgswap">
<img src="example.svg"
data-svgswap="example.png">
</div>
https://github.com/teleject/svg-swap

90. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1 background-size: auto
2 SVG
3 font-based solutions
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

91. “ ...if you use <meta
charset="utf-8"> (you should
be for HTML5), you’re adding
common Unicode characters
like and ✆, and you don’t
need a specific font’s version...
just copy and paste them into
your HTML.”

92. Font-based RWD
http://ilovetypography.com/2012/04/11/designing-type-systems/

93. http://css-tricks.com/examples/IconFont/

94. Font-based icons
<style>
[data-icon]:before {
font-family: 'icon-font';
content: attr(data-icon);
}
</style>
<a href="http://example.com/cloud/save/">
<span data-icon="C" aria-hidden="true"></span>
Save to Cloud
</a>

95. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1 background-size: auto
2 SVG
3 font-based solutions
4 compressed JPEGs
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

100. OS X Lion
The world’s most advanced desktop
operating system advances even further.
With over 250 new features including
Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control,
full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X
Lion takes the Mac further than ever.
Learn More
iCloud iOS 5 OSX Lion iPad 2 iPhone

101. !
OS X Lion
" ←
The world’s most advanced desktop
operating system advances even further.
With over 250 new features including
Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control,
full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X
↑
Lion takes the Mac further than ever.
Learn More
iCloud iOS 5 OSX Lion iPad 2 iPhone

102. ! ↙
OS X Lion
" ← ←
The world’s most advanced desktop
operating system advances even further.
With over 250 new features including
Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control,
full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X
↗ ↑
Lion takes the Mac further than ever.
↖
Learn More
↑ ↖
iCloud iOS 5 OSX Lion iPad 2 iPhone

103. ↑ ↗
OS X Lion
← " "
The world’s most advanced desktop
operating system advances even further.
With over 250 new features including
Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control,
full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X
↙ !
Lion takes the Mac further than ever.
↘
Learn More
! ↘
iCloud iOS 5 OSX Lion iPad 2 iPhone

104. (cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

106. 446kb < 8,755.2kb
0% vs 100%
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

107. Size Type Dimensions Display Px Density File Size
Extreme 2276x1400 1x & 2x 446kb
1024x1536 2x 1,745kb
Extra
Large
512x768 1x 503kb
640x960 2x 746kb
Large
320x480 1x 223kb
500x750 2x 485kb
Medium
250x375 1x 145kb

108. Size Type Dimensions Display Px Density File Size
Extreme 2276x1400 1x & 2x 446kb
1024x1536 2x 1,745kb
Extra
Large
512x768 1x 503kb
640x960 2x 746kb
Large
320x480 1x 223kb
500x750 2x 485kb
Medium
250x375 1x 145kb

109. <picture> Patch
<picture alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon temple in Angkor Thom,
Cambodia">
<!-- <source src="small.jpg"> -->
<source src="small.jpg">
<!-- <source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)"> -->
<source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)">
<!-- <source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)"> -->
<source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">
<!-- Fallback content for non-JS browsers. Same src as the initial
source element. -->
<noscript><img src="small.jpg" alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon
temple in Angkor Thom, Cambodia"></noscript>
</picture>
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/03/15/polyfilling-
picture-without-the-overhead/

110. One Image, One IMG
<img src="rock-climber.jpg" alt="" />

112. EXTREMELY
COMPRESSED PROBLEMS
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

116. IMG
GIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1
2
3

117. IMG
GIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1 simple design for users
2
3
#rwdimg

118. IMG
GIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1 simple design for users
2 browser, server handshake
3
#rwdimg

119. IMG
GIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1 simple design for users
2 browser, server handshake
3 same, several formats
#rwdimg

120. #rwdimg

121. #rwdimg

122. #rwdimg

123. #rwdimg

124. #rwdimg

125. #rwdimg

126. #rwdimg

127. <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/favicon.ico" />
#rwdimg

128. <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144"
href="apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114"
href="apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72"
href="apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed"
href="apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/favicon.ico" />
#rwdimg

129. #rwdimg

130. THANK YOU!
CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT @teleject
The Non Breaking Space Podcast - http://nonbreakingspace.tv/