Jennifer Morgan, Director of the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, presented on the state of global climate policy at the launch of The Climate Institute's Global Climate Leadership Review 2012.
Rohan Jaitley: Central Gov't Standing Counsel for Justice
A Global Perspective on Climate Policy
1. Global Perspective
Jennifer Morgan, Director
WRI Climate and Energy
Program
2. WRI’s Mission
To move human society to live in
ways that protect Earth's
environment and its capacity to
provide for the needs and aspirations
of current and future generations.
3.
4. U.S. GHG Emissions Target for 2020
Source: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States Using Existing Federal Authorities and State
Action, World Resources Institute, 2010
5. U.S. Climate Policy - 2011
Pres. Obama calls for National vehicle rules established
clean energy standards
EPA Mercury &
CA Air Resources Board adopts
Air Toxics Rules
final cap-and-trade regulation
Jan. Mar. Jul. Oct. Nov. Dec
.
EPA ozone rules delayed
Keystone decision delayed
Offshore drilling expanded
6. Residential Solar Power by 2015 (U.S.)
NREL, Break-Even Cost for Residential Photovoltaics in the United States, 2009, Figure 8.
7. And competitively priced renewables are not
just taking off in the U.S…
China: Wind energy
competitive in two years
Italy, Spain, Greece & Portugal: and solar PV by 2015.
Solar PV competitive within two
years.
India: Solar PV
Germany: Wind competitive with on-
FL, NC, NJ, Southwest:
electricity spot grid diesel generation.
Solar PV close to
competitive with fossil prices cheaper than
fuels. fossil fuels some
days in 2011.
Brazil: In 2011, Wind energy Island Nations, Japan & Hawaii:
auctions undercut price of Solar PV competitive within two
natural gas. years.
8. China’s 12th Five Year Plan:
New Environmental Targets
Renewables (GW total installed capacity) 2016 Total Primary Energy
Consumption 2010
Hydro 260 100%
Wind 100
90%
Solar 15
Bio-energy 13 80%
Air and Water Quality Reduction by 2016
70%
SO2 8% RE
60%
Chemical Oxygen Demand 8% Hydro
NOx 10% Nuclear
50%
Gas
Ammonia Nitrogen 10%
40% Oil
Climate Goals by 2016 Coal
Carbon Intensity 17% reduction 30%
Energy Intensity 16% reduction
20%
1.25 mil. hectare increase
Domestic Forest Cover
600 mil. m3 stock volume increase 10%
Non-fossil share of primary energy 11.4%
0%
Sources: Deborah Seligsohn on ChinaFAQs;
The Climate Group; Reuters
9. China’s 12th Five Year Plan:
Sub-national Initiatives
Carbon Trading Pilots • Carbon Trading Pilots in
Low-Carbon Provinces & Cities 7 Provinces & Cities:
Beijing Shanghai
Tianjin Guangdong
Chongqing Hubei
Shenzhen
• Low-carbon plans for designated
provinces and cities
• Allocated Energy Intensity Reduction
Targets for all provinces and
municipalities
• Official “Barometer” for progress on
regional energy goals
10. Looking Ahead:
National Energy or Coal Cap
• China is considering setting a national cap
on energy or coal consumption
• Ultimate aim is to limit the use of coal.
• In addition to considering a cap, there is
already a volume-based resource tax on coal
• Consequences for coal consumption and
CO2 emissions will depend on how stringent
the cap is
Source: Angel Hsu on ChinaFAQs
Photo: Petteri Sulonen
11. Jobs in the renewable energy sources sector in Germany
96,100
102,100
Wind energy
85,700
63,900
122,000
128,000
Biomass
119,500
56,800
120,900
80,600
Solar energy
49,200
25,100
7,600
7,800
Hydropower Increase: approx. 129 %
8,100
9,500
13,300
Geothermal 14,500
energy 10,300
1,800
160,500 277,300 339,500 367,400
7,500
Publicly funded jobs jobs jobs jobs
6,500
research / 4,500
administration 3,400 2004 2007 2009 2010
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000
Figures for 2009 and 2010 are provisional estimate; deviations in totals are due to rounding;
Source: O’Sullivan/Edler/van Mark/Nieder/Lehr: "Bruttobeschäftigung durch erneuerbare Energien im Jahr 20010 – eine erste Abschätzung", as at: March 2011; interim report of research project „Kurz-
und langfristige Auswirkungen des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt“; image: BMU / Christoph Busse / transit
BMU- KI III 1
Renewable Energy in Germany, 2010
WRI has experienced unprecedented growth during a time of global economic turbulence. We have nearly doubled our budget in the past four years. While gratified by the recognition of our role and results by donors, we have also taken steps to strengthen the organization to ensure a robust future. We believe that WRI’s steadfast focus on our objectives over many years – while pursuing creative and realistic strategies to advance them – have established a reputation for high quality work and ability to deliver outcomes. Our independence opens avenues for WRI to pursue innovative solutions, while our dedication to excellence has built a reputation for trust. This fiscal year – 2011 – WRI continues to raise funds from an array of sources: foundation, business, government and individuals. We pursue new sources of funds while continuing relationships of many years with donors who have sustained our work with large, multi-year commitments. Despite financial stresses among all sectors of our sources of funding, WRI has retained the confidence of a community of supporters. To strengthen our expertise and managerial capabilities, WRI has conducted worldwide searches and hired outstanding individuals who bring a wealth of pertinent skills, knowledge and experiences to our team. We are focusing on ensuring that our values remain constant as we evolve and that our culture of collaboration and leadership remains intact. We have instituted a culture of communications at WRI. The term ‘everyone is a communicator’ is a hallmark of this effort, which has equipped everyone with the tools, training and immersion in strategies to influence our communities of decision-makers. In a multi-media world, we are utilizing all appropriate channels, technologies and creative solutions to advance sustainability and effect change. Our fledgling China office is maturing into a fully-functioning and highly effective agent for change in that country. And WRI is establishing platforms in India and Brazil to expand our work with partners, learn from them and provide value to those societies. As WRI approaches its 30th year, we do so with an optimism and confidence that we will ensure a sustainable planet for current and future generations.
The World Resources Institute is a global environmental think tank that goes beyond research to put ideas into action. We work with governments, companies, and civil society to build solutions to urgent environmental challenges. WRI’s transformative ideas protect the earth and promote development because sustainability is essential to meeting human needs and fulfilling human aspirations in the future. WRI spurs progress by providing practical strategies for change and effective tools to implement them. We measure our success in the form of new policies, products, and practices that shift the ways governments work, companies operate, and people act. We operate globally because today’s problems know no boundaries. We are avid communicators because people everywhere are inspired by ideas, empowered by knowledge, and moved to change by greater understanding. We provide innovative paths to a sustainable planet through work that is accurate, fair, and independent.
Option 1
Renewables targets were increased to the levels in this chart after the initial release of the 12th Five Year Plan “Stock Volume” refers to the above-stump volume of living trees measured from the bark up to the treetops. China has just adopted new air quality standards on SOx, NOx, PM2.5, and Mercury (new ChinaFAQs fact sheet forthcoming) Sources for renewables targets: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/15/us-china-renewables-idUSTRE7BE0H320111215 (solar)http://www.theclimategroup.org/our-news/news/2011/9/1/china-amps-up-clean-energy-targets/Source for Total Primary Energy Consumption 2010: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2011(http://www.bp.com/sectionbodycopy.do?categoryId=7500&contentId=7068481)
On Carbon Trading, each regional pilot will likely explore different approaches in order to learn best practices. Source identifying which regions are participating was a ChinaDaily article citing an anonymous NDRC official (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2011-11/23/content_14145909.htm) Source: People’s Daily (http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90778/90862/7110049.html)Also see Wang Ke on WRI Insights: NDRC launched the National Pilot Program on Low-Carbon Provinces and Cities. The program directs five provinces- Guangdong, Liaoning, Hubei, Shaanxi and Yunnan , and 8 cities- Tianjin, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Guiyang and Baoding, to formulate supporting policies in their respective provincial/municipal five-year plans with regard to low carbon development. (http://insights.wri.org/open-climate-network/2011/09/role-cities-meeting-chinas-carbon-intensity-goal) China’s National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) recently released a “barometer” to show regional progress toward energy conservation goals in the first half of 2011. (It is unclear whether this barometer will be updated going forward)