Evaluation beyond the desktop

Evaluation beyond the desktop ...
Thomas Grill
mailto:thomas.grill@sbg.ac.at
17.06.2009

Human Computer Interaction & Usability Unit
Thursday, May 27, 2010

http://icts.sbg.ac.at

What’s the difference?

...
● - HCI - Topic 2 - Topic 3 - Topic 4 - Topic 5

2 / 41

● Why is it different?
• The

range of computerized systems is far greater than just
desktop application.
• In particular, unconventional input channels such as
Tangible user interfaces
• Physical objects are representations and controls for digital objects
 Gesture inputs, movement tracking
 Eye- and gaze tracking


• and

environmental profiles such as

Virtual environments
 Augmented reality


• are

difficult or impossible to test using ordinary usability
labs

● - What - Where - How - Tools - Assignment

3 / 45

●

General problems related to the usability of
unconventional user interaction
• In

UbiComp applications
The feasibility rather than the usability is tested
 No established software usability culture for mobile and UbiComp
applications


• Lack

of trained specialists
• Screenbased testing methods are often not feasible
• Direct porting between different platforms is not feasible
nor does it cover the particular platform requirements
• Fast-paced software market environment


No time for long-lasting user testing?


4 / 45

What to evaluate?

...
● - HCI - Topic 2 - Topic 3 - Topic 4 - Topic 5

5 / 41

1

What to design - what to evaluate?
GUIs

Interaction
with
Interfaces
Screen

Print

Interactions

Objects

Information

Devices

Architecture

Non-GUIs

6 / 45

1

Usability of ...
• desktop

applications

WIMP environment
 Standard interaction devices (mouse/keyboard/...)


• mobile

applications

mobile environment
 mobile devices (smartphones, handhelds, ubicomp appliances, ...)


• real

world applications

real world environment (mobile+static)
 real world objects, ubicomp objects


Requirements

Usability


Utility

User
Experience
7 / 45

1

Evaluation in a UCD process
Context of use

User requirements

- User tasks, Task characteristics
- User groups, User characteristics
- environment

- Usability parameters
- UI design requirements

Product evaluations

iterative formative
evaluations of Lo/Fi
prototypes

- user experience analysis
- usability evaluations

???
iterative formative
evaluations of Hi/Fi
Prototypes and
products
summative usability
evaluation


8 / 45

1

... identify and evaluate
Requirements

Usability

Utility

User
Experience

• desktop

applications
• mobile applications
• ubicomp applications
• real world applications


9 / 45

1

Requirements

•

Usability

Utility

User
Experience

User requirements
Which are the targeted users?
 Data for defining personas, user profiles


•

Task requirements
functionality, task
 what to design?


•

Design requirements
which information do I need for this
 is there an existing workflow? (reuse prior knowledge)
 Usage environment
 Type of information
• mobile vs. static
• outside vs. indoor, desk vs. standing, ...
• public places vs. private places
• ...



10 / 45

1

Requirements

•

Usability

Utility

User
Experience

Evaluate
according to usability heuristics
 http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_list.html


•

Task performance
Task completion
 Delay


•

Errors


•

Error rate, error messages, error handling, ...

Intuitiveness, Simplicity, Learnability, ...


Simple and natural dialogues

Consistent interface and interaction
• Feedback
•



•

No states where the user does not know what to do.

Visibility of System State


11 / 45

1

Requirements

• Utility


Usability

Utility

User
Experience

refers to the design's functionality:

Does it do what users need?

Usefulness
 Is the functionality needed
 Is the functionality appropriate


• Usability

and utility are equally important!


12 / 45

1

Requirements

Usability


Utility

User
Experience

http://sakshigupta.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/
13 / 45

1

Requirements

Usability

What constitutes a good user
experience………….
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

useful
functional
intuitive
reliable
efficient
effective
usable
innovative
aesthetically pleasing
beautiful
10. delightful, ‘aha’ moment
wow-factor


Utility

User
Experience

How to design for a good user
experience………….
1. by understanding people needs,
wants,behavior,constraints
2. based in social & cultural context
3. exploring opportunities
4. based on people’s past
experiences
5. power to evoke emotions
6. forgiving to errors
7. simplicity
8. optimized for most frequent
tasks
9. informative & timely feedback
10. story-telling
11. human touch
12. multiple iterations
13. prototyping
http://sakshigupta.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/
14 / 45

Where to evaluate?

the field lab ...
●

15 / 41

2

Evaluation environment
video camera

audio

usability lab

system

video monitor

tasks

Usability laboratory

one way mirror

facilitator

recording unit

Field evaluation
evaluator

what to apply?
● - What - Where - How - Tools

16 / 45

2

Select the appropriate
evaluation environment
• What
• In

to evaluate?

the lab (in-Vitro)
“Realistic” usage scenario can be setup/simulated in a usability
laboratory
 Usually in-door usage
 Usability lab, Smart Homes
 Evaluating concrete tasks, performing user tests
 lower costs



17 / 45

2

• What
• In

to evaluate?

the field (in-Situ)
Mobile task scenario
 Outdoor usage
 Observing users in real world scenarios
 higher costs



18 / 45

2

• What
• In

to evaluate?

the real world (in-Vivo)
Long time usability observations
 User experience analysis
 Indoor and outdoor usage
 Observing/Sensing/Logging of users in real world scenarios
 higher costs / higher effort



19 / 45

How to evaluate?

...
●

20 / 41

3

Evaluate a product

http://www.ambientdevices.com/products/umbrella.html


21 / 45

3

Define the goals of the evaluation ...
• What

do I want to find out?

I have a design / idea.
• Does it make sense?
• Is it useful?
 Usability
 User Experience
 Utility
 General usage behaviour
 Which user group to address
 ...



22 / 45

3

Evaluate behaviour

tool

• Observation
Audio/Video recording
 note taking
 diary methods (e.g. photo diary, post-it notes, DRM - day
reconstruction method, ...)


• Interviews


structured vs. narrative

• Focus


groups

A group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions,
beliefs and attitudes towards a product, service, concept,
advertisement, idea, or packaging ...


23 / 45

3

Evaluate behaviour


24 / 45

3

Evaluate usability
• Evaluate

behaviour

• Measure
task completion
 error rate
 critical incidents method


• Measuring
Sensing
 Logging


• Important
Time synchronization of all measured data!!!
 Analysis tools help here (ELAN, NVivo, MacEval, Morae, ...)



25 / 45

3

Evaluate user experience
http://tpgblog.com

Quick UX - Heuristics for User Experience

The Quick-UX evaluates the degree to which a product successfully addresses the following 3 questions:
Can I use it? (Usability)

•

Should I use it? (Usefulness)

•

Do I want to use it? (Desirability)

customer

ty
abili

g
mar ke
tin

brand
management

n ce

y

e
cr

il i
dib

e

sa
tisf
act
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expected
function
ality
no u
erro nexpecte
d
rs

expected
information

ty

d
e si r
abi
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co

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bili
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alit

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rd o
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o
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ess
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un

usef
uln
es
s

fer

men
ts

dif

es s

user require

c
ac

VALUE

AG
WC li

comp

conte
separ

color
and c

med
use ia

gra
ele phic
me
nts
typ
og
ra
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y

on

t

ti
nc
fu
d
an

c
on
te
n

se

ness

l
ua

nt
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ce e n
pla elem
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ion
igat
nav

intuitive

str ucture

naming
categ and
orizat
ion

co n
sist
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y


u s er

er ility
ws tib
ro pa
b m
co
ard c
nd
sta mplian
co

http://userexperienceproject.blogspot.com/2007/04/user-experience-wheel.html
to
vo ne o
ice f


f i n d a bi l i t y

usability

ic
eg
rat
st

launch

on
dati
oun
f

ex p e
ri

ic

provider

Usability, Utility
 Emotions
 Social distinction
 Stress
 Trust
 Privacy
 Safety
 ...


str
a
ph teg

user experience factors

e
nt
i at
ion

• Observe

s ea
stra rch en
gine
teg
y
r es
po
tim n
e se

•

26 / 45

3

Evaluate user experience
• How?
• Evaluation

methods based on cognitive and social

sciences
Interviews
 Questionnaires
 long-term evaluations with diary method
 Critical Incident Method (ICT)
 ...



27 / 45

3

How to evaluate ...
• Select,

create, or define an appropriate

Evaluation Method
 Evaluation Environment
 The participants of the evaluation scenario
• experts
• test users
 Prepare
• test scenarios
• questionnaires
• necessary forms (e.g. non-disclosure form, session checklists, ...)


tool

•
•
•

http://www.stcsig.org/usability/resources/toolkit/toolkit.html
A set of document templates useful during usability evaluations
NASA Usability toolkit (http://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/portal/usability/resources/index.htm)

• ....


28 / 45

3

How to evaluate ...
• Conduct

the evaluation
• Analyze the data
depends on the type of data collected
 video/audio analysis
 text analysis
 questionnaire evaluation
 quantitative / qualitative methods


• Compile

findings

compile the identified issues
 prepare a report



29 / 45

3

!"#$%&'()&*'#$%&*+',-$+,&%.&-,'/"0"12&345&
Measuring usability


30 / 45

Evaluation tools in the field ...

... tools
●

31 / 41

4

Questionnaires
• SUS


- System Usability Scale

"SUS: a "quick and dirty" usability scale"
http://www.usabilitynet.org/trump/documents/Suschapt.doc

• AttrakDiff
• SUMI
Addresses quality of use of software
 http://sumi.ucc.ie/


• QUIS
• IsoMetrics
Operationalising the design principles of ISO 9241 Part 10
 http://www.isometrics.uni-osnabrueck.de/


• ...


32 / 45

4

Traditional tools ...
• Paper

& Pencil - Wizard of Oz Evaluation
• Storyboarding
download video!


33 / 45

4

Recording tools
•

Audio


•

cap with mobile camera

Mobile audio recorders

Video

maybe show cap/
Morae/Camtasia
scenario from
• Excellent tools for capturing video, logging issues, and creating highlight
gerhard leitner
tapes
• http://www.techsmith.com/
 Noldus Observer
• http://www.noldus.com
 Silverback
• http://silverbackapp.com/
 MacEval
• http://www.tomgrill.info/maceval
 OvoLogger
• http://www.ovostudios.com



34 / 45

4

Recording tools
• Text
Notebooks
 Instrumented tools that log data
 Keylogger tools


• Transformed

audio/video via
annotation tools
NVivo
 Elan
 Interact
• http://www.mangoldinternational.com



35 / 45

4

Recording tools
• UTE

- Usability Testing Environment

Comprehensive tool for capturing and analyzing usability data
 Automatically calculates success rates, time-on-task, and many other
metrics
 Remote Usability testing
 http://www.mindd.com


• Data

Logger

Free Excel program used to collect and analyze usability test data.
 Records task success, time-on-task, survey questions, and
automatically generates charts.
 www.userfocus.co.uk/resources/datalogger .html



36 / 45

4

EyeTracking
• Record

eye movement

• Gaze
• Focus

of attention
• Systems
eye tracking system on computer screen
 eye tracking in real world


SMI
 Tobii



37 / 45

4

Motion and position tracking
• Tracking

motion
• Tracking position
• Finding information about movement
• Crowd behaviour
• ...
• Systems

based on

Optical: video, IR
 Accoustic
 RFID
 GPS



Optical
RFID
38 / 45

4

Recording tools
• The

Observer XT from Noldus

Sophisticated software for usability data
collection, analysis and presentation.
 Ability to integrate multiple video feeds,
analyze eye-tracking data, and other
physiological measurements.
 Allows to integrate eye-trackers
 http://www.noldus.com


• FaceReader


FaceReader is a tool that is capable of
automatically analyzing facial expressions,
providing users with an objective
assessment of a person’s emotion.


39 / 45

4

Recording tools

Noldus mobile camera ...

40 / 45

4

Recording tools

Video system using
regular and IP
based moveable
cameras
Recording & Notetaking

Receiver for mobile camera

Noldus observer
Usability lab - ICTS Salzburg
observation place


41 / 45

4

Recording tools

Note taking and evaluation
control interface

Video recorder - monitor

Noldus observer - recording mode
Usability lab - ICTS Salzburg


42 / 45

4

Analysis tools
• Video/Audio/Text

annotation tools

ELAN
 NVivo
 MacEval


• Statistical

Analysis tools

SPSS
• http://www.spss.com
R
• http://www.r-project.org/
 Microsoft Excel
• statistics add-in available: “Analyze-it”
• http://analyse-it.com/
 Stata
• http://www.stata.com



44 / 45

* Contact
HCI & Usability Unit
ICT&S Center, University of Salzburg
Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse 18
5020 Salzburg, Austria
hci-unit@icts.sbg.ac.at

Dr. Thomas Grill
thomas.grill@sbg.ac.at

Human Computer Interaction & Usability Unit

hci-unit@icts.sbg.ac.at

Evaluation beyond the desktop

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