Case Analysis SEC460 Case Analysis Name Class Date Professor September 11, 2001 Every adult in America can tell you where they were when airplanes began to crash into important American landmarks on September 11, 2001 killing thousands of innocent Americans. The international terrorist attack forever changed America and woke the country up to the potential threats facing the nation. This day will never be forgotten and any illusions of safety have forever been shattered. Never before have there been an international terrorist attack on American soil this devastating. Nineteen Islamic extremists hijack four American airplanes murdering thousands of innocent Americans. The events on 9/11 resulted in the death of over 3,000 Americans with 400 being first responders that went into the Twin Towers in order to rescue the injured. Participants, Planning, Objectives, and Execution The attacks on 9/11 were committed by 19 Islamic terrorists that made up different terrorists cells in the country. The 19 men entered the country legally, obtained legitimate jobs, and quietly planned the devastating attacks. The success of the September 11 plot depended on the ability of the hijackers to obtain visas and pass an immigration and customs inspection in order to enter the United States (). The 19 terrorist were also able to go undetected in the country for several years while along making contact with members of the Al Qaeda terrorist group and planning the devastating attacks. At no time were the terrorists detected or the devastating attacks would have failed. The planning for the attacks began with the twenty three visas that were applied for by Islamic extremists bent on becoming martyrs for Islam. Out of the twenty three visas twenty two were granted. Several of the men entered the country to attend universities that would give them the necessary skills to pilot a 747 aircraft. The terrorist began entering the country in January of 2000 and many were successful in leaving the country and having no problems with reentry. The hijackers entered the country through Floridian airports and airports in New York and Washington, D.C. The four pilots responsible for flying the planes into buildings are Mohammed Atta, Hani Hanjour, Ziad Samir Jarra, and Marwan al Shehhi but there were other hijackers being trained to fulfill the pilot positions. The four pilots were able to enter and exit the country 17 times without being detected. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was the mastermind behind the attacks while Ali Abdul Aziz Ali was the group’s financial facilitator. Only one of the hijackers entered the country on an academic visa while the others entered the country on tourist visas. Of all of the hijackers that entered the country only two were interviewed by customs agents. The hijackers entered the country on six month visa and many obtained legitimate identification. It was important to retain the appearance of leg ...

1. Case Analysis
SEC460 Case Analysis
Name
Class
Date
Professor
September 11, 2001
Every adult in America can tell you where they were when
airplanes began to crash into important American landmarks on
September 11, 2001 killing thousands of innocent Americans.
The international terrorist attack forever changed America and
woke the country up to the potential threats facing the nation.
This day will never be forgotten and any illusions of safety have

2. forever been shattered. Never before have there been an
international terrorist attack on American soil this devastating.
Nineteen Islamic extremists hijack four American airplanes
murdering thousands of innocent Americans. The events on 9/11
resulted in the death of over 3,000 Americans with 400 being
first responders that went into the Twin Towers in order to
rescue the injured.
Participants, Planning, Objectives, and Execution
The attacks on 9/11 were committed by 19 Islamic terrorists
that made up different terrorists cells in the country. The 19
men entered the country legally, obtained legitimate jobs, and
quietly planned the devastating attacks. The success of the
September 11 plot depended on the ability of the hijackers to
obtain visas and pass an immigration and customs inspection in
order to enter the United States (). The 19 terrorist were also
able to go undetected in the country for several years while
along making contact with members of the Al Qaeda terrorist
group and planning the devastating attacks. At no time were the
terrorists detected or the devastating attacks would have failed.
The planning for the attacks began with the twenty three
visas that were applied for by Islamic extremists bent on
becoming martyrs for Islam. Out of the twenty three visas
twenty two were granted. Several of the men entered the
country to attend universities that would give them the
necessary skills to pilot a 747 aircraft. The terrorist began
entering the country in January of 2000 and many were
successful in leaving the country and having no problems with
reentry. The hijackers entered the country through Floridian
airports and airports in New York and Washington, D.C.
The four pilots responsible for flying the planes into
buildings are Mohammed Atta, Hani Hanjour, Ziad Samir Jarra,
and Marwan al Shehhi but there were other hijackers being
trained to fulfill the pilot positions. The four pilots were able to
enter and exit the country 17 times without being detected.
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was the mastermind behind the
attacks while Ali Abdul Aziz Ali was the group’s financial

3. facilitator. Only one of the hijackers entered the country on an
academic visa while the others entered the country on tourist
visas. Of all of the hijackers that entered the country only two
were interviewed by customs agents.
The hijackers entered the country on six month visa and
many obtained legitimate identification. It was important to
retain the appearance of legitimacy in order to ensure the
success of their terroristic plan. The original plan by Al Qaeda
was to take over ten planes on 9/11 instead of just four but due
to an inability of the hijackers to properly coordinate this many
planes the attack was scaled back to just the four planes (Eggen,
2004). Two of the planes were headed for the twin tours while
the third plan was sent to the Pentagon. There have been
questions about exactly where the fourth plane was heading but
it was going to be the White House or the Capitol Building with
the goal of killing members of Congress.
The plot to kill thousands of Americans took several years
but Osama Bin Laden and the Al Qaeda were determined to see
the American government suffer for the perceived wrongs. Bin
Laden was responsible for handpicking each of the 19 hijackers
while Khalid Sheik Mohammed coordinated the actual attacks.
The original date for the attacks was September 9th but due to
timing issues the attacks instead occurred on 9/11. Mohammed
was responsible for proposing the terrorist use American planes
as missiles but the upper leadership in Al Qaeda ignored his
suggestions. It was not until Bin laden began to support
Mohammed’s efforts that the pan to attack American landmarks
with planes was developed.
The final plan involved the 19 hijackers going to an east
coast airport and boarded four different planes headed to
California. The four planes were chosen because they were
loaded down with fuel. Once the airplanes were in route to
California the hijackers pulled out box blades and small knives
and took control of the plane. Once the hijackers took control of
the planes transforming ordinary commuter jets into guided
missiles they targeted the landmark they had been assigned. The

4. first plane flew into the North tour at 8:45 am creating
confusion and the false impression it was an unfortunate
accident.
When the second plane hit the south tower at 945 am it
became obvious this was a terrorist attack. A third plane hit the
Pentagon as Americans sat transfixed and horrified at the events
that were unfolding. The passengers in the first three planes
were oblivious to their fate but the fourth plane had been alerted
by loved ones of the events involving the other planes. By this
time the public had learned the identity of the terrorists and of
their goal to crash the fourth plane into the white house or other
location. The brave passengers of United Flight 93 took control
of the plane and it was crashed into a field instead of an
American landmark.
The objective of the terrorist group was revenge on the
American government for their support of Israel. These
terrorists hate America and everything American. In order to
make America pay for their support of Israel, for the Persian
Gulf War, and the desecration of Mecca and Medina the attacks
were designed to cause the most destruction and the largest loss
of life. While these specific goals have been identified the facts
are countries in the Middle East have resented the power of
America and the countries failure to support their war against
Israel.
While the hatred of everything American was one of the
main goals of the attack another goals was to raise funds for the
terrorist organization. Bin Laden and other top leaders believed
an attack the size planned for America was result in a
fundraising frenzy as well as an increase in the number of
recruits joining the terrorist group. While the planning went on
for a couple of years there were many times when the attack was
almost cancelled by the group’s top leaders. Senior advisors
warned Bin Laden that the potential repercussions from the
attack could forever affect the ability of the terrorist group to
spread their terroristic message.
Vulnerabilities Exploited

5. The terrorist attacks on American on September 11, 2001
were a great shock o the American public but not so much for
the American government. In 1995 the American government
was first warned about the threat the Middle East posed to the
United States and other westernized countries. Despite these
warnings a known Middle Eastern terrorist group was able to
infiltrate the country and commit the most heinous terrorist
attack in American history. This failure to act resulted in 19
hijackers legitimately entering the country and killing over
3,000 people. The terrorist act also woke the country to the
dangers posed to the nation in a new global society resulting in
comprehensive anti-terrorism measures being established.
In 1998 Osama Bin Laden was identified as a major
international, terroristic threat to westernized countries. The
radical fundamentalist had made many threats against America
and European countries. A threat advisory was immediately sent
by the headquarters of the Immigration and Naturalization
Service (INS) to all immigration inspectors at ports of entry
(Taveras, 2004). The INS was also warned of the plan of Al
Qaeda to infiltrate American society in order to conduct a large
terrorist attack. The warnings went unheeded and members of
the Al Qaeda terrorist group where able to enter the country
over thirty times without detection.
9/11 commission discovered many mistake made by several
different agencies tasked with protecting the country. In fact
fifteen of the hijackers allowed into the country on tourist
visa’s had known terrorists ties. They should have been flagged
and denied entry into the country. If these men had attempted to
get into the country after 9/11 they would have been on the
countries watch list and denied entry into the country. The 9/11
Commission also located memorandums sent to the President
providing intelligence on the planned attacks. Instead of
stopping flights on September 1, 2001 only military personnel
were warned and cancelled their travel plans that day.
Human and Economic Effects
The events of 9/11 created great human hardship and had

6. major economic repercussions. After the attacks on the twin
towers the building collapsed killing thousands and trapping
many under the debris. The debris spread for blocks covering
the area in ash and making it more difficult to assist the
wounded. In the end 2,998 Americans died at the twin towers
with 343 of these deaths being firefighters, 23 New York police
officers, and 37 port authority officers (Stunich, 2008). The
plane that crashed into the Pentagon killed 125 military
personnel and an additional 64 on the plane. The last plane
crash resulted in the death 45 passengers and crew.
Once the attacks were over family members flooded into
the area desperately seeking answers to what happened to their
loved ones. Due to the immense death and destruction the area
was in chaos and people had difficulty locating loved ones. The
way family members learned their loved one had died was when
they never heard from them in the days after the attack. It would
take years to identify all of the victims and in the end some
bodies were never recovered. The entire nation was devastated
by these attacks that in the end could have been averted if the
government had been diligent at locating and stopping the
terroristic threats.
The events on 9/11 created grave harm to the victims and
their families as well as had a major negative effect on the
American economy. Not only were three major landmarks
destroyed and four airplanes crashed many people lost their jobs
and the economy went into a complete downward spiral. The
estimated direct cost of the terrorist attack was twenty billion
dollars. Within weeks of the Bush Administration had declared
war on terrorism and established Homeland Security. The
creation of the new agency would cost the country billions of
dollars as well as other counter measures put into place.
The direct economic costs of the terrorist attacks did not
include the damage caused to the financial market and the huge
costs of funding a war. After 9/11 the unemployment rate began
to soar while the Federal Reserve added some $100 billion per
day in liquidity in order to protect the countries financial

7. systems (Makin, 2002). The stock market took a huge hit and
airline suffered major financial losses when Americans refused
to fly plus form being grounded for weeks after the attack.
Despite being afforded financial assistance from the government
many airlines went under.
Other economic repercussion form 9/11 involved the
insurance companies. Insurance companies were hit with large
insurance claims for casualty and property claims costing over
40 billion dollars. The agriculture industry was impacted by the
attacks when trade came to a standstill after the attacks.
Shipments were delayed for weeks and agriculture products that
were perishable were destroyed. Farmers lost major revenue and
trade agreements between countries were damaged. Many small
businesses were disrupted causing a loss of business that they
small business could not survive. In fact Nearly 18,000
businesses were dislocated, disrupted or destroyed by 9/11
(Makin, 2002).
The hardest hit city after the attacks on 9/11 was New York
City. The Gross City Product (GCP) was hit by a loss exceeding
27 billion dollars which devastated the economy. Not only did
the city lose billions in revenue from businesses that could no
longer generate taxes the city was responsible for a massive
recovery and cleanup effort. Even though the city was to be
reimbursed for this major disaster expense it did not stop the
major layoffs and rising unemployment in the city. Ten years
after the attack the country had fallen into a complete recession.
The largest expenditure causing the weakening of the American
economy was the War on terror.
Prescribed Countermeasures
After the attacks on 9/11 the government was woke up to the
international terrorist threat and began to implement
comprehensive counter measures to ensure another terrorist
attack on American soil would be forever prevented. The first
counter measure was to create Homeland Security which would
unite over twenty agencies to ensure that information pointing
to a threat against the nation is not properly communicated to

8. the necessary parties. Homeland Security agencies include the
Federal Bureau of Investigations which is responsible for
investigating and identifying potential terrorist threats in the
country while the INS is responsible for preventing terrorists
from gaining entry into the country. Each agency plays a
specific role which is designed to prevent any further terrorist
attacks.
The next anti-terrorism counter measure was to create the
Patriot Act. The Patriot Act is legislation created to broaden the
investigatory power of law enforcement concerning the
potential terrorist threat. Previous to 9/11 the protection of the
citizen’s rights far outweighed the safety of the nation but since
9/11 that has all changed. For the greater good of the nation the
Patriot Act afforded law enforcement the opportunity to conduct
searches without the need for a warrant and also allowed law
enforcement to remove citizens from society suspected of
terrorism. These citizens were not afforded due process rights
and many are still being held with no proof at Guantanamo Bay.
Another counter measure that was developed was the
creation of the TWA which is a law enforcement agency tasked
with protecting Americas airports from terrorist attempting to
take control of airliners. The TWA can conduct warrantless
searches and I responsible for ensuring any threats are
identified before they can get on an American airline. Border
patrol has also become an agency under Homeland Security that
ensures that illegal aliens or terrorist threats to not legally enter
the country. With hundreds of thousands of people entering into
the country every day the take is enormous.
Conclusion
The event of 9/11 will forever change America and dissolved
the nation’s illusions of safety. While the terrorists responsible
for these attacks have been punished al Qaeda still exists as
well s many other Islamic terrorist groups bent on causing
destruction for westernized countries. In order to ensure another
attack of this size or any size never occurs again the country
will have to remain diligent in preventing terrorism, both

9. domestic and foreign. The recent bombing at the Boston
Marathon has shown the country is still vulnerable to potential
terrorist attacks and that even with comprehensive
countermeasures in place some threats will go undetected.
References
Eggen, D. (2004). Al Qaeda Scaled Back 10-Plane PlotAttacks
Evolved Amid Infighting, 9/11
Panel Reports. Retrieved June 7, 20-13 from
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A45853-
2004Jun16.html
Makin, G. (2002). The Economic Effects of 9/11: A
Retrospective Assessment. Retrieved June 7,
2013 from http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL31617.pdf
Stunich, A. (2008). Why 9/11 Occurred on September 11.
Retrieved June 7, 2013 from
http://www.islam-watch.org/Stunich/Why-9.11-Occurred-on-
September-11.htm
Taveras, D. (2004). Court TV Documentary Shows: How
Government Failed Us on 9/11.
Retrieved June 7, 2013 from

10. http://www.thebronxjournal.com/court-tv-documentary-shows-
how-government-failed-us
Not All Men Are Sly Foxes
May 31, 1992 8:00 PM EDT
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If you thought your child's bookshelves were finally free of
openly (and not so openly) discriminatory materials, you'd
better check again. In recent years groups of concerned parents
have persuaded textbook publishers to portray more accurately
the roles that women and minorities play in shaping our
country's history and culture. "Little Black Sambo" has all but
disappeared from library and bookstore shelves; feminist fairy
tales by such authors as Jack Zipes have, in many homes,
replaced the more traditional (and obviously sexist) fairy tales.
Richard Scarry, one of the most popular children's writers, has
reissued new versions of some of his classics; now female
animals are pictured doing the same jobs as male animals. Even
the terminology has changed: males and females are referred to
as mail "carriers" or "firefighters."
There is, however, one very large group whose portrayal
continues to follow the same stereotypical lines as always:
fathers. The evolution of children's literature didn't end with
"Goodnight Moon" and "Charlotte's Web." My local public
library, for example, previews 203 new children's picture books
(for the under-5 set) each month. Many of these books make a
very conscious effort to take women characters out of the
kitchen and the nursery and give them professional jobs and

11. responsibilities.
Despite this shift, mothers are by and large still shown as the
primary caregivers and, more important, as the primary
nurturers of their children. Men in these books-if they're shown
at all-still come home late after work and participate in the
child rearing by bouncing baby around for five minutes before
putting the child to bed.
In one of my 2-year-old daughter's favorite books, "Mother
Goose and the Sly Fox," "retold" by Chris Conover, a single
mother (Mother Goose) of seven tiny goslings is pitted against
(and naturally outwits) the sly Fox. Fox, a neglectful and
presumably unemployed single father, lives with his filthy,
hungry pups in a grimy hovel littered with the bones of their
previous meals. Mother Goose, a successful entrepreneur with a
thriving lace business, still finds time to serve her goslings
homemade soup in pretty porcelain cups. The story is funny and
the illustrations marvelous, but the unwritten message is that
women take better care of their kids and men have nothing else
to do but hunt down and kill innocent, law-abiding geese.
The majority of other children's classics perpetuate the same
negative stereotypes of fathers. Once in a great while, people
complain about "Babar's" colonialist slant (little jungle-dweller
finds happiness in the big city and brings civilization-and fine
clothes-to his backward village). But I've never heard anyone
ask why, after his mother is killed by the evil hunter, Babar is
automatically an "orphan." Why can he find comfort only in the
arms of another female? Why do Arthur's and Celeste's mothers
come alone to the city to fetch their children? Don't the fathers
care? Do they even have fathers? I need my answers ready for
when my daughter asks.
I recently spent an entire day on the children's floor of the local
library trying to find out whether these same negative
stereotypes are found in the more recent classics-to-be. The
librarian gave me a list of the 20 most popular contemporary
picture books and I read every one of them. Of the 20, seven
don't mention a parent at all. Of the remaining 13, four portray

12. fathers as much less loving and caring than mothers. In "Little
Gorilla," we are told that the little gorilla's "mother loves him"
and we see Mama gorilla giving her little one a warm hug. On
the next page we're also told that his "father loves him," but in
the illustration, father and son aren't even touching. Six of the
remaining nine books mention or portray mothers as the only
parent, and only three of the 20 have what could be considered
"equal" treatment of mothers and fathers.
The same negative stereotypes also show up in literature aimed
at the parents of small children. In "What to Expect the First
Year," the authors answer almost every question the parents of a
newborn or toddler could have in the first year of their child's
life. They are meticulous in alternating between references to
boys and girls. At the same time, they refer almost exclusively
to "mother" or "mommy." Men, and their feelings about
parenting, are relegated to a nine-page chapter just before the
recipe section.
Unfortunately, it's still true that, in our society, women do the
bulk of the child care, and that thanks to men abandoning their
families, there are too many single mothers out there.
Nevertheless, to say that portraying fathers as unnurturing or
completely absent is simply "a reflection of reality" is
unacceptable. If children's literature only reflected reality, it
would be like prime-time TV and we'd have books filled with
child abusers, wife beaters and criminals.
Young children believe what they hear--especially from a parent
figure. And since, for the first few years of a child's life, adults
select the reading material, children's literature should be held
to a high standard. Ignoring men who share equally in raising
their children, and continuing to show nothing but part-time or
no-time fathers is only going to create yet another generation of
men who have been told since boyhood--albeit subtly--that
mothers are the truer parents and that fathers play, at best, a
secondary role in the home. We've taken major steps to root out
discrimination in what our children read. Let's finish the job.
Brott, Armin A. “Not All Men Are Sly Foxes.” Newsweek 1

13. June 1992: 14-15. InfoTrac: Expanded Academic Index/Asap.
Willow Canyon H.S. Media Center, Surprise. 25 June 1999
http://www.searchbank.com/searchbank/wchs.