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Bai 6 tu dien
1.
BÀI 6 -
TỤ ĐIỆN
2.
Baøi 6: TUÏ
ÑIEÄN
3.
Tuï ñieän giaáy
4.
Tuï ñieän laø
gì? I. Tuï ñieän 1. Ñònhnghóa Tuï ñieän phaúng: Laø tuï ñieän coù hai baûn tuï ñieän laø 2 taám kim loaïi phaúng, kích thöôùc lôùn hôn khoaûng caùch giöõa chuùng, ñaët song song ñoái dieän nhau. Giöõa 2 baûn laøchaátñieän moâi. Tuï ñieän laø moät heä goàm hai vaät daãn ñaët gaàn nhau vaø ngaên caùch nhau baèng moät lôùp caùch ñieän. Hai vaät daãn goïi laø haibaûn cuûatuï ñieän. ÑIEÄNMOÂI HAI BAÛNKIM LOAÏI d Kyùhieäu:
5.
I.Tuï ñieän 1. Ñònh
nghóa 2. Ñieäntíchcuûatuïñieän Noái hai baûn tuï ñieän vaøo hai cöïc cuûanguoàn ñieän. Tuï ñieänseõ tích ñieän. + - A B
6.
I.Tuï ñieän 1. Ñònh
nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän - Ñieäntích treân haibaûn tuï ñieän baèng nhauveà ñoä lôùn nhöng traùidaáu. - Ñoä lôùn cuûa ñieäntíchtreânbaûntích ñieändöông ñöôïc goïi laø ñieäntích cuûa tuï ñieän. Kyù hieäu : q , Q Ñôn vò: C( Coulomb) + - A B
7.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + U1 U2 =
2 U1 … Un = n U1 Q1 Q2= 2 Q1 Qn= n Q1 Haõy nhaän xeùt caùc tæ soá Un Q , U Q , U Q n 2 2 1 1 n n 2 2 1 1 U Q U Q U Q Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän Ñieän dung cuûa tuï ñieän.
8.
Định nghĩa điệndung
của tụ điện I.Tuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Coâng thöùc: Q :Ñieäntíchcuûa tuïñieän(C) U :Hieäu ñieäntheá giöõahaibaûntuï(V) Q C U C :Ñieändungcuûatuïñieän(F) Điệndungcủa tụñiệnlaøñạilượngñặctrưngchokhảnăngtích ñiệncủa tụñiệnôûmoät hieäuñieäntheá nhaátñònh, ñượcñobằngthươngsốcủa ñiệntíchcủa tụñiệnvaøhiệuñiện thếgiữa haibảntụñiện. 2. Ñònh nghóa + 1mF = 10-3F + 1F = 10-6 F + 1 nF = 10-9 F + 1 pF = 10-12 F
9.
Ñoái vôùi ñieäntröôøng
ñeàu Ta coù: U = Ed Maø: Q C U Suy ra: Q Q C U Ed
10.
I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh
nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Caùcloaïi tuï ñieän a) ChaiLaâyñen Caùc loại tụ điện
11.
Tuï Chai Laâyñen Laø
tuï ñieäncoå nhaát. Noù goàm moät chaithuûy tinh duøng laøm ñieänmoâi, maët trong vaø maët ngoaøi coù daùn 2 laù nhoâm hoaëc thieác duøng laøm 2 baûn. ChaiLaâyñen hay ñöôïc duøng trong caùcthí nghieäm veà tónh ñieän.
12.
I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh
nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän phaúng IV.Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän a) ChaiLaâyñen. b) Tuïgiaáy. Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän
13.
Coù 2 baûn
laø caùc laù nhoâm hoaëc thieác,ôû giöõa coù lôùp giaáy caùch ñieän (taåm parafin) laøm ñieänmoâi. Tuï Giaáy
14.
I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh
nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän phaúng IV.Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän a) ChaiLaâyñen. b) Tuïgiaáy. c) Tuïñieänmica,söù. Caùc loaïi tuïñieän
15.
Coù caùc baûn
laøm baèng nhoâm, thieác, ñieän moâi laø mica. Tuï ñieän mica thöôøng coùhieäu ñieän theágiôùi haïn cao, tôùi haøngnghìn voân. Tuï Mica
16.
Coù ñieänmoâi laøm
baèng söù ñaëc bieät, thöôøng coù haèngsoá ñieänmoâi lôùn. Do ñoùtuï ñieäncoù ñieän dungtöông ñoái lôùn vôùi kíchthöôùc khaùnhoû. Tuï Söù
17.
I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh
nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän phaúng IV.Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän a) ChaiLaâyñen. b) Tuïgiaáy. Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän c) Tuïñieänmica,söù. d) Tuïñieänhoùahoïc
18.
Coù caùcbaûn laø nhöõng
laùnhoâm, ñieänmoâi laø lôùp oxit nhoâm raát moûng ñöôïc taïo neân baèng phöông phaùp ñieänphaân. Tuï ñieänhoùa hoïc
19.
Tuï ñieän xoay
Kyù hieäu Goàm 2 heä thoáng laùkim loaïi ñaët caùchñieänvôùi nhau: moät heä coá ñònh, moät heä coù theå xoay quanh moät truïc.
21.
Ñieändung cuûa tuïñieäncaøng
lôùn khiphaànñoái dieän cuûa haiheä caøng lôùn. Ñieändung lôùn nhaátcuûa tuïñieänloaïinaøy thöôøng khoâng quaù vaøi nghìnpicoâfara. Ñieänmoâi cuûa tuï ñieän loaïi naøy thöôøng laø khoâng khí, cuõng coù khilaø nhöõnglaù caùch ñieän baèng chaátdeûo, hoaëc laø daàu caùch ñieän. Tuï ñieänloaïinaøy ñöôïc duøngroäng raõi trong voâ tuyeán ñieän. Tuïñieänxoay
22.
Maùy bôm Maùy
tính ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän Trong caùc duïngcuï ñieän
23.
VI MAÏCH ÑIEÄN
TÖÛ ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän
24.
Tuï trong CPU
Tuï trong Ram ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän Trong maùy vi tính
25.
ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï
ñieän Trong voâ tuyeántruyeàn thoâng
26.
I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh
nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Caùcloaïi tuï ñieän V. Naênglöôïng cuûañieän tröôøng trong tuï ñieän Gheùp tuï ñieän
27.
++ ++ ++ - - - - - - Q Naêng löôïng cuûañieän
tröôøng trong tuï ñieän Khi tuï tích ñieän thì ñieän tröôøng trong tuï seõdöï tröõmoät naêng löôïng, goïi laø naênglöôïng ñieän tröôøng. 2 2 1 2 2 2 Q CU W QU C W: Naêng löôïng ñieän tröôøng (J)
28.
I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh
nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Caùcloaïi tuï ñieän V. Naênglöôïng cuûañieän tröôøng trong tuï ñieän Gheùp tuï ñieän V. Gheùptuï
29.
Gheùp tuïñieän Gheùpsong song: C1 C2 C1
// C2thì Ctñ = C1 + C2 Vôùi n tuïmaéc song song: Ctñ = C1+C2+ ….+ Cn
30.
Gheùp tuïñieän Gheùp noái
tieáp: C1 ntC2 thì: Neáucoù n tuï maéc noái tieáp: C2 C1 1 2 1 1 1 td C C C 1 2 1 1 1 1 ... n C C C C
31.
Vaän duïng Baøi 1:
Moät tuï ñieän coù ñieän dung laø 20 F. Noái hai baûncuûa tuï vôùi moät hieäu ñieän theá 120 V. Tínhñieän tích cuûatuï ñieän. Baøi 2: Cho 3tuï coùñieän dung C1 =C2 =C3 = 20 F . Tínhñieän dung töông ñöôngcuûaboä tuï khi: a. Ba tuïgheùp noái tieáp nhau. b. Ba tuï gheùp song song.
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