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BÀI 6 - TỤ ĐIỆN
Baøi 6: TUÏ ÑIEÄN
Tuï ñieän giaáy
Tuï ñieän laø gì?
I. Tuï ñieän
1. Ñònhnghóa
Tuï ñieän phaúng: Laø tuï ñieän coù hai
baûn tuï ñieän laø 2 taám kim loaïi phaúng,
kích thöôùc lôùn hôn khoaûng caùch giöõa
chuùng, ñaët song song ñoái dieän nhau.
Giöõa 2 baûn laøchaátñieän moâi.
Tuï ñieän laø moät heä goàm hai vaät daãn ñaët gaàn nhau vaø
ngaên caùch nhau baèng moät lôùp caùch ñieän. Hai vaät daãn goïi
laø haibaûn cuûatuï ñieän.
ÑIEÄNMOÂI
HAI BAÛNKIM LOAÏI
d
Kyùhieäu:
I.Tuï ñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Ñieäntíchcuûatuïñieän
Noái hai baûn tuï ñieän vaøo hai cöïc cuûanguoàn ñieän. Tuï
ñieänseõ tích ñieän.
+ -

A B
I.Tuï ñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän
- Ñieäntích treân haibaûn tuï ñieän baèng
nhauveà ñoä lôùn nhöng traùidaáu.
- Ñoä lôùn cuûa ñieäntíchtreânbaûntích
ñieändöông ñöôïc goïi laø ñieäntích cuûa tuï
ñieän.
Kyù hieäu : q , Q
Ñôn vò: C( Coulomb)
+ -
A B
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
U1 U2 = 2 U1
…
Un = n U1
Q1 Q2= 2 Q1
Qn= n Q1
Haõy nhaän xeùt caùc tæ soá
Un
Q
,
U
Q
,
U
Q n
2
2
1
1
n
n
2
2
1
1
U
Q
U
Q
U
Q


Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän
Ñieän dung cuûa tuï ñieän.
Định nghĩa điệndung của tụ điện
I.Tuï ñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän
II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän
1. Coâng thöùc:
Q :Ñieäntíchcuûa tuïñieän(C)
U :Hieäu ñieäntheá giöõahaibaûntuï(V)
Q
C
U
 C :Ñieändungcuûatuïñieän(F)
Điệndungcủa tụñiệnlaøñạilượngñặctrưngchokhảnăngtích
ñiệncủa tụñiệnôûmoät hieäuñieäntheá nhaátñònh,
ñượcñobằngthươngsốcủa ñiệntíchcủa tụñiệnvaøhiệuñiện
thếgiữa haibảntụñiện.
2. Ñònh nghóa
+ 1mF = 10-3F
+ 1F = 10-6 F
+ 1 nF = 10-9 F
+ 1 pF = 10-12 F
Ñoái vôùi ñieäntröôøng ñeàu
Ta coù: U = Ed
Maø: Q
C
U

Suy ra: Q Q
C
U Ed
 
I. Tuïñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän
II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Coâng thöùc:
III.Caùcloaïi tuï ñieän
a) ChaiLaâyñen
Caùc loại tụ điện
Tuï Chai Laâyñen
Laø tuï ñieäncoå nhaát.
Noù goàm moät chaithuûy tinh
duøng laøm ñieänmoâi, maët trong
vaø maët ngoaøi coù daùn 2 laù
nhoâm hoaëc thieác duøng laøm 2
baûn.
ChaiLaâyñen hay ñöôïc duøng
trong caùcthí nghieäm veà tónh
ñieän.
I. Tuïñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän
II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Coâng thöùc:
III.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän phaúng
IV.Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän
a) ChaiLaâyñen.
b) Tuïgiaáy.
Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän
Coù 2 baûn laø caùc laù nhoâm
hoaëc thieác,ôû giöõa coù lôùp
giaáy caùch ñieän (taåm parafin)
laøm ñieänmoâi.
Tuï Giaáy
I. Tuïñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän
II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Coâng thöùc:
III.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän phaúng
IV.Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän
a) ChaiLaâyñen.
b) Tuïgiaáy.
c) Tuïñieänmica,söù.
Caùc loaïi tuïñieän
Coù caùc baûn laøm
baèng nhoâm, thieác,
ñieän moâi laø mica.
Tuï ñieän mica thöôøng
coùhieäu ñieän theágiôùi
haïn cao, tôùi haøngnghìn
voân.
Tuï Mica
Coù ñieänmoâi laøm baèng
söù ñaëc bieät, thöôøng coù
haèngsoá ñieänmoâi lôùn.
Do ñoùtuï ñieäncoù ñieän
dungtöông ñoái lôùn vôùi
kíchthöôùc khaùnhoû.
Tuï Söù
I. Tuïñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän
II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Coâng thöùc:
III.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän phaúng
IV.Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän
a) ChaiLaâyñen.
b) Tuïgiaáy.
Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän
c) Tuïñieänmica,söù.
d) Tuïñieänhoùahoïc
Coù caùcbaûn laø
nhöõng laùnhoâm,
ñieänmoâi laø lôùp
oxit nhoâm raát
moûng ñöôïc taïo
neân baèng phöông
phaùp ñieänphaân.
Tuï ñieänhoùa hoïc
Tuï ñieän xoay Kyù hieäu
Goàm 2 heä thoáng laùkim loaïi ñaët caùchñieänvôùi
nhau: moät heä coá ñònh, moät heä coù theå xoay
quanh moät truïc.
Bai 6 tu dien
Ñieändung cuûa tuïñieäncaøng lôùn khiphaànñoái dieän
cuûa haiheä caøng lôùn.
Ñieändung lôùn nhaátcuûa tuïñieänloaïinaøy thöôøng
khoâng quaù vaøi nghìnpicoâfara.
Ñieänmoâi cuûa tuï ñieän loaïi naøy thöôøng laø khoâng khí,
cuõng coù khilaø nhöõnglaù caùch ñieän baèng chaátdeûo,
hoaëc laø daàu caùch ñieän.
Tuï ñieänloaïinaøy ñöôïc duøngroäng raõi trong voâ tuyeán
ñieän.
Tuïñieänxoay
Maùy bôm Maùy tính
ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän
Trong caùc duïngcuï ñieän
VI MAÏCH ÑIEÄN TÖÛ
ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän
Tuï trong CPU Tuï trong Ram
ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän
Trong maùy vi tính
ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän
Trong voâ tuyeántruyeàn thoâng
I. Tuïñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän
II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Coâng thöùc:
III.Caùcloaïi tuï ñieän
V. Naênglöôïng cuûañieän tröôøng trong tuï ñieän
Gheùp tuï ñieän
++
++
++
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q

Naêng löôïng cuûañieän tröôøng trong tuï
ñieän
Khi tuï tích ñieän thì ñieän tröôøng
trong tuï seõdöï tröõmoät naêng
löôïng, goïi laø naênglöôïng ñieän
tröôøng.
2 2
1
2 2 2
Q CU
W QU
C
  
W: Naêng löôïng ñieän tröôøng (J)
I. Tuïñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän
II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän
1. Ñònh nghóa
2. Coâng thöùc:
III.Caùcloaïi tuï ñieän
V. Naênglöôïng cuûañieän tröôøng trong tuï ñieän
Gheùp tuï ñieän
V. Gheùptuï
Gheùp tuïñieän
Gheùpsong song:
C1
C2
C1 // C2thì Ctñ = C1 + C2
Vôùi n tuïmaéc song song: Ctñ = C1+C2+ ….+ Cn
Gheùp tuïñieän
Gheùp noái tieáp:
C1 ntC2 thì:
Neáucoù n tuï maéc noái tieáp:
C2
C1
1 2
1 1 1
td
C C C
 
1 2
1 1 1 1
...
n
C C C C
   
Vaän duïng
Baøi 1: Moät tuï ñieän coù ñieän dung laø 20 F. Noái hai baûncuûa
tuï vôùi moät hieäu ñieän theá 120 V. Tínhñieän tích cuûatuï ñieän.
Baøi 2: Cho 3tuï coùñieän dung C1 =C2 =C3 = 20 F . Tínhñieän dung
töông ñöôngcuûaboä tuï khi:
a. Ba tuïgheùp noái tieáp nhau.
b. Ba tuï gheùp song song.

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Bai 6 tu dien

  • 1. BÀI 6 - TỤ ĐIỆN
  • 2. Baøi 6: TUÏ ÑIEÄN
  • 4. Tuï ñieän laø gì? I. Tuï ñieän 1. Ñònhnghóa Tuï ñieän phaúng: Laø tuï ñieän coù hai baûn tuï ñieän laø 2 taám kim loaïi phaúng, kích thöôùc lôùn hôn khoaûng caùch giöõa chuùng, ñaët song song ñoái dieän nhau. Giöõa 2 baûn laøchaátñieän moâi. Tuï ñieän laø moät heä goàm hai vaät daãn ñaët gaàn nhau vaø ngaên caùch nhau baèng moät lôùp caùch ñieän. Hai vaät daãn goïi laø haibaûn cuûatuï ñieän. ÑIEÄNMOÂI HAI BAÛNKIM LOAÏI d Kyùhieäu:
  • 5. I.Tuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieäntíchcuûatuïñieän Noái hai baûn tuï ñieän vaøo hai cöïc cuûanguoàn ñieän. Tuï ñieänseõ tích ñieän. + -  A B
  • 6. I.Tuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän - Ñieäntích treân haibaûn tuï ñieän baèng nhauveà ñoä lôùn nhöng traùidaáu. - Ñoä lôùn cuûa ñieäntíchtreânbaûntích ñieändöông ñöôïc goïi laø ñieäntích cuûa tuï ñieän. Kyù hieäu : q , Q Ñôn vò: C( Coulomb) + - A B
  • 7. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + U1 U2 = 2 U1 … Un = n U1 Q1 Q2= 2 Q1 Qn= n Q1 Haõy nhaän xeùt caùc tæ soá Un Q , U Q , U Q n 2 2 1 1 n n 2 2 1 1 U Q U Q U Q   Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän Ñieän dung cuûa tuï ñieän.
  • 8. Định nghĩa điệndung của tụ điện I.Tuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Coâng thöùc: Q :Ñieäntíchcuûa tuïñieän(C) U :Hieäu ñieäntheá giöõahaibaûntuï(V) Q C U  C :Ñieändungcuûatuïñieän(F) Điệndungcủa tụñiệnlaøñạilượngñặctrưngchokhảnăngtích ñiệncủa tụñiệnôûmoät hieäuñieäntheá nhaátñònh, ñượcñobằngthươngsốcủa ñiệntíchcủa tụñiệnvaøhiệuñiện thếgiữa haibảntụñiện. 2. Ñònh nghóa + 1mF = 10-3F + 1F = 10-6 F + 1 nF = 10-9 F + 1 pF = 10-12 F
  • 9. Ñoái vôùi ñieäntröôøng ñeàu Ta coù: U = Ed Maø: Q C U  Suy ra: Q Q C U Ed  
  • 10. I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Caùcloaïi tuï ñieän a) ChaiLaâyñen Caùc loại tụ điện
  • 11. Tuï Chai Laâyñen Laø tuï ñieäncoå nhaát. Noù goàm moät chaithuûy tinh duøng laøm ñieänmoâi, maët trong vaø maët ngoaøi coù daùn 2 laù nhoâm hoaëc thieác duøng laøm 2 baûn. ChaiLaâyñen hay ñöôïc duøng trong caùcthí nghieäm veà tónh ñieän.
  • 12. I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän phaúng IV.Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän a) ChaiLaâyñen. b) Tuïgiaáy. Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän
  • 13. Coù 2 baûn laø caùc laù nhoâm hoaëc thieác,ôû giöõa coù lôùp giaáy caùch ñieän (taåm parafin) laøm ñieänmoâi. Tuï Giaáy
  • 14. I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän phaúng IV.Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän a) ChaiLaâyñen. b) Tuïgiaáy. c) Tuïñieänmica,söù. Caùc loaïi tuïñieän
  • 15. Coù caùc baûn laøm baèng nhoâm, thieác, ñieän moâi laø mica. Tuï ñieän mica thöôøng coùhieäu ñieän theágiôùi haïn cao, tôùi haøngnghìn voân. Tuï Mica
  • 16. Coù ñieänmoâi laøm baèng söù ñaëc bieät, thöôøng coù haèngsoá ñieänmoâi lôùn. Do ñoùtuï ñieäncoù ñieän dungtöông ñoái lôùn vôùi kíchthöôùc khaùnhoû. Tuï Söù
  • 17. I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän phaúng IV.Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän a) ChaiLaâyñen. b) Tuïgiaáy. Caùc loaïi tuï ñieän c) Tuïñieänmica,söù. d) Tuïñieänhoùahoïc
  • 18. Coù caùcbaûn laø nhöõng laùnhoâm, ñieänmoâi laø lôùp oxit nhoâm raát moûng ñöôïc taïo neân baèng phöông phaùp ñieänphaân. Tuï ñieänhoùa hoïc
  • 19. Tuï ñieän xoay Kyù hieäu Goàm 2 heä thoáng laùkim loaïi ñaët caùchñieänvôùi nhau: moät heä coá ñònh, moät heä coù theå xoay quanh moät truïc.
  • 21. Ñieändung cuûa tuïñieäncaøng lôùn khiphaànñoái dieän cuûa haiheä caøng lôùn. Ñieändung lôùn nhaátcuûa tuïñieänloaïinaøy thöôøng khoâng quaù vaøi nghìnpicoâfara. Ñieänmoâi cuûa tuï ñieän loaïi naøy thöôøng laø khoâng khí, cuõng coù khilaø nhöõnglaù caùch ñieän baèng chaátdeûo, hoaëc laø daàu caùch ñieän. Tuï ñieänloaïinaøy ñöôïc duøngroäng raõi trong voâ tuyeán ñieän. Tuïñieänxoay
  • 22. Maùy bôm Maùy tính ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän Trong caùc duïngcuï ñieän
  • 23. VI MAÏCH ÑIEÄN TÖÛ ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän
  • 24. Tuï trong CPU Tuï trong Ram ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän Trong maùy vi tính
  • 25. ÖÙng duïng cuûatuï ñieän Trong voâ tuyeántruyeàn thoâng
  • 26. I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Caùcloaïi tuï ñieän V. Naênglöôïng cuûañieän tröôøng trong tuï ñieän Gheùp tuï ñieän
  • 27. ++ ++ ++ - - - - - - Q  Naêng löôïng cuûañieän tröôøng trong tuï ñieän Khi tuï tích ñieän thì ñieän tröôøng trong tuï seõdöï tröõmoät naêng löôïng, goïi laø naênglöôïng ñieän tröôøng. 2 2 1 2 2 2 Q CU W QU C    W: Naêng löôïng ñieän tröôøng (J)
  • 28. I. Tuïñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Ñieän tích cuûa tuï ñieän II.Ñieän dung cuûatuï ñieän 1. Ñònh nghóa 2. Coâng thöùc: III.Caùcloaïi tuï ñieän V. Naênglöôïng cuûañieän tröôøng trong tuï ñieän Gheùp tuï ñieän V. Gheùptuï
  • 29. Gheùp tuïñieän Gheùpsong song: C1 C2 C1 // C2thì Ctñ = C1 + C2 Vôùi n tuïmaéc song song: Ctñ = C1+C2+ ….+ Cn
  • 30. Gheùp tuïñieän Gheùp noái tieáp: C1 ntC2 thì: Neáucoù n tuï maéc noái tieáp: C2 C1 1 2 1 1 1 td C C C   1 2 1 1 1 1 ... n C C C C    
  • 31. Vaän duïng Baøi 1: Moät tuï ñieän coù ñieän dung laø 20 F. Noái hai baûncuûa tuï vôùi moät hieäu ñieän theá 120 V. Tínhñieän tích cuûatuï ñieän. Baøi 2: Cho 3tuï coùñieän dung C1 =C2 =C3 = 20 F . Tínhñieän dung töông ñöôngcuûaboä tuï khi: a. Ba tuïgheùp noái tieáp nhau. b. Ba tuï gheùp song song.