How to fight antibiotic resistant bacteria? Students learn new content from the 2011 specification, and develop the skill of deciding whether the evidence justifies a conclusion.

1. New antibiotics
presents
DRAFT AQA Application
© CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

2. objectives
Objectives
● Find out how harmful bacteria form
antibiotic-resistant strains.
● Discover why resistant strains
spread rapidly.
● Draw conclusions from evidence about new
ways of treating infections.
Preview note: This activity teaches new content from AQA
Science GCSE (B1.1.2 - infectious diseases), and applies
the assessed skill: ‘drawing justified conclusions from
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ELICIT 2
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evidence’. © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

3. what the preview file contains
● full version of the Presentation (slides 4-10)
● ‘more science’ –material from the student activity sheets which you may want
to present (slides 14-20)
● preview of the two main student activities (slides 12-13)
BUT NOT the student activity sheets, or the teachers guide
technical note
● we ‘embedded’ two fonts to make the design work (it’s why the file is big)
Titles should look like this Body text should look like this
● if they don’t appear correctly, you can download and install the fonts in 2 minutes:
Download title font (dirt2stickler) from www.dafont.com/dirt2-stickler.font
Download text font (Am. typewriter) from
www.jabroo.com/index/search/q/american+typewriter Note: Click ‘Register’
at top, complete the form and you’ll be taken to the download page
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

4. ’’ Parliament, Health Questions
Last Monday,
Jim Beggs had a
routine knee
operation.
In hospital, MRSA
infected his wound.
Ten days later, the
46-year-old dad
’’
was dead.
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

5. Parliament, Health Questions
Superbug MRSA killed
62 more hospital
patients last week.
We are running out of
antibiotics that work.
What does the
Health Minister
plan to do? 5
5
© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

6. The minister is in trouble SS1 – 2
Prepare a briefing to
help me answer the MP .
● what are drug-resistant
bacteria?
● how do they develop?
● why do they spread so fast?
more science
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

7. In the
ministerial limousine
Let’s hear your briefing.
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

8. antibiotic labs
Scientists are testing new
SS3 – 6
weapons against superbugs.
cockroach
brains
honey
silver
nanoparticles
Are any worth funding?
Is there enough evidence
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to conclude that they work?
ELICIT 8
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

9. reasoner lifELINE To make conclusions from data
Start here
More than one set of data? A single set of data?
1 Examine
evidence
Does
every source
of data support the claim
No Is
there any evidence No
supporting the claim or
or hypothesis? hypothesis?
2 Draw
Yes Yes
conclusions STRONG support WEAK support NO support
Explain HOW WELL each piece of Explain why the
3 Justify them evidence supports the hypothesis. evidence opposes
the hypothesis
or is unclear.
Suggest further tests,
and explain what
results you expect if Yes Would further tests No The hypothesis
the claim or make the conclusion could be wrong.
hypothesis is correct. stronger?
Suggest a different hypothesis
that fits the evidence better. 9
© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

10. Locust Hypothesis Locust brain juice could cut
example MRSA in humans because it contains
substances that kill bacteria.
Bacteria Type Percentage of bacteria
killed after incubating for
24 hours at 37 ºC
Resistant Escherichia coli 99.6
Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa 99.7
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 97.6
How confident are you that
the hypothesis is correct?
Use the lifeline to decide.
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

11. The end
The following slides give detailed
information linked from the main tasks.
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

12. Student activity 1 preview: 2 How do drug-resistant bacteria develop?
read pieces of text and Sometimes, the genes in bacteria change, or
mutate. This happens naturally. Most
translate the information mutations are not useful to bacteria, but
into image captions, to occasionally they make bacteria resist
antibiotics.
provide the minister’s Sam has a throat infection. He takes antibiotic
briefing. tablets. The antibiotic kills nearly all the
bacteria. But a few bacteria – the resistant ones
– survive. These bacteria reproduce rapidly.
This is natural selection.
2 How do drug-resistant bacteria develop?
genes
Sam takes an
bacteria antibiotic
in Sam

13. Student activity 2 preview:
Research Cockroach lab 1
‘visit’ the labs, examine two Scientist Simon Lee, UK
pieces of evidence, and
draw a justified
Hypothesiisfections in humansjuibecause
could cut MRSA n
Cockroach brain ce
conclusion, using the it contains substances that kill bacteria.
Lifeline Investigation
● grow two types of bacteria on agar plates
● add cockroach brain juice and leave for
two hours at 37 ºC.
Data
Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria
killed
MRSA More than 90
Escherichia coli More than 90
If an antibiotic kills 90% of the
bacteria, your body’s immune system
can kill the rest.

14. MRSA bacteria are
harmless on your skin.
More science 1
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

15. But MRSA
bacteria can cause
fatal infections if
they get in
through a cut.
More science 2
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

16. We can fight
most bacteria with antibiotics.
More science 3
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

17. Bacteria can
change because
their genes
mutate.
genetic material
Most mutations aren’t useful to
bacteria, but occasionally
mutations make bacteria
resist antibiotics.
More science 4
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18. The mutated
bacteria are not
destroyed by
antibiotics. They
survive and
reproduce quickly.
This is natural selection .
More science 5
18
© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19. Antibiotics don’t affect MRSA.
It’s resistant.
Whenever we use
new antibiotics,
resistant strains
develop.
More science 6 We’re running out
of ideas! 19
© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

20. Hari has an ear infection.
An antibiotic kills almost all
the bacteria. Hari stops taking
the antibiotic.
A tiny fraction of the bacteria have a
natural resistance to the antibiotic.
They do not die.
These bacteria reproduce.
So the population of the
resistant strain of bacteria
increases.
More science 7
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© Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

21. Credits
Gary Talbot, Writer
Philippa Hulme, Editor
Tony Sherborne, Executive editor
Picture Slide Credit
Infected wound 3 Wikimedia Commons
Bacteria in mouth 13 Wikimedia Commons
© Centre for Science Education & Association for Science Education 2011. The license for this material includes
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upd8@ase.org.uk upd8 is not responsible for any revision that may be made to the material after it has been downloaded. 21
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