zero carbon, byproduct AC

2. Dearman is a
technology company
delivering clean
‘cold and power’

3. Dearman, Unit 5 Stafford Cross Business Park, Stafford Road, Croydon, CR0 4TU
T: +44 (0) 203 829 0035 W: dearman.co.uk E: info@dearman.co.uk
Dearman is a technology company delivering clean ‘cold and power’.
Dearman’s cutting-edge technology uniquely harnesses liquid air to deliver
zero-emission power and cooling. It is developing and demonstrating a
portfolio of proprietary technologies, products and services, which deliver
outstanding performance, while reducing operating costs, fuel usage and
emissions.
With the global demand for sustainable cooling growing rapidly, Dearman is
well-placed to take advantage. Moreover, working with customers to address
their material, economic, environmental and social challenges, Dearman has
the potential to deliver sizable reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases,
pollutants and particulates.
The company is building an international reputation for innovation, rigour,
commercial acumen and engineering excellence, all developing to fulfil its
primary objective – to make the world a cleaner, cooler place.

4. Cold &
Power

5. Dearman, Unit 5 Stafford Cross Business Park, Stafford Road, Croydon, CR0 4TU
T: +44 (0) 203 829 0035 W: dearman.co.uk E: info@dearman.co.uk
Cold is a vital foundation of modern society: without it the
supply of food, data and medicine would break down.
In fact, cold is the hidden link between the three biggest
global challenges of this century: food, water and energy.
Doing cold better would enable us to conserve energy
and water, provide more food at an affordable price and
enable the international growth of digital communications.
By introducing modern ‘cold chains’ of refrigerated
pack-houses, warehousing and transport to developing
countries, we could sharply reduce shockingly high
post-harvest losses of food – preserving up to 200 million
tonnes of perishables which would otherwise be wasted.
This would also conserve the vast amounts of water,
fertiliser, fuel and labour that goes into producing it.
It is estimated that 2 million people die each year from a
lack of vaccines due to no cold chain. In India, the world’s
third largest pharmaceutical producer, almost 25% of
vaccines arrive damaged or degraded because they have
not been kept cold. This can and should be addressed by
installing new infrastructure.
The data industry and digital economy are growing rapidly,
with millions of people in developing economies expected
to ‘come online’ soon. Cooling in data centres can account
for up to 50% of their total energy usage.
To create economic growth, eliminate waste, enable
development and improve living standards, countries
and companies need to significantly increase their cold
infrastructure. Whether it’s putting more refrigerated trucks
onto the road to avoid food loss or building major new
cooled data centres, the world must invest in cooling.
But ‘greening’ cold is essential if meeting growth in
demand is not to be ruinous. A transport refrigeration
unit, for example, consumes up to 20% of a refrigerated
vehicle’s diesel but can emit up to six times as much NOx
and 29 times as much particulate matter as the modern
diesel engine driving the vehicle.
If we use traditional technologies to meet the urgent
need for cold infrastructure, the environmental impact
would be ruinous.
However, alternative zero-emission technologies, which
can provide both cold and power, are available.
Sustainable cold and power – a global challenge

6. Cooling consumes up to 14% of UK
electricity, and the combined annual cost
of electric and transport cooling in the UK
is more than £5 billion.
India loses 40% of the food it grows after
harvesting, much of it because cold chains are
rudimentary or non-existent.
200 million tonnes of
perishable foods could be preserved if
developing nations had the same level
of cold chain as the developed world.
2 million people die each year from a lack
of vaccines due to no cold chain.
The global refrigerated vehicle
market is expected to double to
9.6 million vehicles by 2025;
and some estimates are much higher.
The global market
for Dearman
technologies

7. Chinese cold storage capacity is on track to more
than double by 2017.
Cold chain investment is booming in
India, and annual revenues in the sector
are forecast to reach
$13 billion by 2017.
Approximately 370,000 buses are sold each
year, each of which requires auxiliary power for
air conditioning and other services. That figure is
expected to rise to over 800,000 per year within
the next decade.
Nearly $12 billion is spent each
year on distributed electricity generation.
A significant proportion of operators have
a need for cooling as well as power.
A Carbon Trust report indicated that the UK alone
could create 10,000 jobs by 2025 by leading
the ‘Cold Economy’ and developing new clean cold
technologies.

8. Dearman
Technology

9. Dearman, Unit 5 Stafford Cross Business Park, Stafford Road, Croydon, CR0 4TU
T: +44 (0) 203 829 0035 W: dearman.co.uk E: info@dearman.co.uk
The Dearman Engine
Dearman is developing liquid air technologies in
partnership with academics, industry leaders and
experts in cryogenics.
At the heart of this technology portfolio is the Dearman
Engine – a novel piston engine, which utilises the
expansion of either liquid air or liquid nitrogen to provide
zero-emission power and cooling.
The Dearman Engine builds upon understood and
industry tested engine technology, but includes
proprietary heat exchange techniques, which
significantly increase the efficiency, applicability and
cost benefits of the engine.
Crucially, the only emission from a Dearman Engine
is air or nitrogen, with no emissions of NOx, CO2
or
particulates.
Dearman technology has a number of benefits, even
compared to other low carbon technologies.
Dearman technology:
• provides simultaneous power and cooling
• low capital cost & embedded carbon
• fast refuelling – liquid air can be refuelled in minutes
not hours
• existing infrastructure – the industrial gas industry is
established and global
• mature fuel manufacturing process – liquefaction of
air is an established process
How a Dearman Engine works
1. Return Stroke
Water heat exchange fluid
enters the cylinder.
2. Top Dead Centre
Cryogenic liquid is injected
directly into the cylinder.
Heat transfer with the heat
exchange fluid causes
rapid vaporisation and
pressure to rise.
3. Power Stroke
The vaporised cryogenic
liquid expands pushing the
piston down. Direct contact
heat transfer continues
allowing near isothermal
expansion.
4. Return Stroke
The exhaust mixture leaves
the cylinder. The gas is
returned to the atmosphere
and the heat exchange fluid
is re-heated and re-used.
A Dearman Engine

10. Dearman, Unit 5 Stafford Cross Business Park, Stafford Road, Croydon, CR0 4TU
T: +44 (0) 203 829 0035 W: dearman.co.uk E: info@dearman.co.uk
Dearman Engine technology is being used to provide high
efficiency, zero-emission transport refrigeration units.
The global market for refrigerated transport is projected
to at least double by 2025, with at least 9.6 million
vehicles on the road. But transport refrigeration units
on the road today are generally inefficient and highly
polluting, producing significantly more NOx and
particulate matter than the main diesel engine.
There is a major opportunity for Dearman to deliver
an efficient, cost effective and environmentally
sustainable alternative.
The Dearman system uses liquid air or nitrogen to
provide cooling, while expansion of the gas in the
Dearman engine provides power to run fans and other
systems. In addition to significant reductions in NOx
and particulate emissions, the Dearman system results
in substantial well-to-wheel CO2
savings. The operating
costs are also lower than conventional transport
refrigeration units and pay-back is likely to be less than
one year.
Discussing the Dearman transport refrigeration system,
Pat Maughan, Managing Director of Hubbard said: “We
have reviewed the Dearman technology and concluded
it has enormous potential to revolutionise both the
emissions and costs inherent in refrigerated transport.”
The Dearman transport refrigeration system
Air-conditioning can double the diesel consumption
of a bus or distribution vehicle. Addressing this
secondary use of power can bring significant
environmental and cost benefits.
In a future where more urban vehicles adopt
electric drive, providing power for cooling and
other services can also have a serious impact on
the vehicle’s range. In hot climates the combination
of cooling and battery temperature control can even
make electrification unfeasible.
Dearman’s technology is being used to develop
a zero-emission solution. A combined auxiliary
power and cooling unit that will offer reduced fuel usage
and emissions has received Innovate UK funding and will
begin trials shortly.
The Dearman auxiliary power system is a cost-effective
enhancement to a vehicle’s systems, utilising the unique
properties of liquid air to provide efficient cooling along
with power for the vehicle’s electrified braking, steering
assistance, electric doors and lighting.
This approach will reduce the requirement for a vehicle
to run its engine while stationary, reduce fuel usage or
increase battery range, and have a positive impact on
vehicle design.
The Dearman auxiliary power system
Applications
of Dearman
Technology

11. Electricity grids around the world are being stretched
by increasing demand, the retirement of older
power stations and the growing use of intermittent
renewable generation.
The capacity to meet the highest demand peaks has
typically been provided by a fleet of distributed diesel
generators. These are used to generate backup power
in the event of a power cut; reduce consumption of
grid electricity when power is most expensive; and
earn revenue by providing reserve capacity to network
operators. But diesel gen-sets are highly polluting and
are being used increasingly often.
Dearman technology can provide an efficient,
zero-emission alternative.
Dearman’s built environment system utilises the Dearman
engine, which will perform the same functions as a
diesel generator, including providing emergency backup
power, reducing the owner’s energy costs and providing
reserve services to the grid.
What’s more, the Dearman system would provide
‘free’ cooling, making it particularly advantageous for
applications such as supermarkets and data centres,
which require extensive cooling.
The Dearman genset is based upon the Dearman Engine,
utilising the expansion of liquid air or nitrogen to provide
zero-emission power, while the gas can be used directly
in a heat exchanger to provide cooling to the building or
its essential services.
The Dearman built environment system
Dearman technology will also be used to deliver waste
heat recovery for urban vehicles, such as buses and
refuse trucks.
Hybrid systems can increase fuel efficiency in urban
areas by up to 20-30%. However, existing hybrid
systems, which capture energy from braking, are
expensive for large vehicles, are hard to retrofit, and
without subsidy the economics are insufficiently attractive
for them to be deployed.
Typically vehicles also lose about two thirds of the energy
in their fuel as waste heat. Heat recovery technologies
to capture high-grade waste heat have been developed,
but in urban settings insufficient heat is generated to
make these technologies economically viable.
s
But there is an alternative – a Dearman engine working
alongside a diesel engine – a heat hybrid.
Dearman technology is capable of offering a unique
combination of heat recovery and hybrid power,
delivering similar levels of fuel saving to other hybrid
systems, but at a much lower cost.
Unlike other state-of-the-art technologies, the Dearman
heat hybrid can convert low-grade waste heat from a
diesel-powered internal combustion engine into shaft
power at high efficiencies. As a result, it could achieve
up to a 25% reduction in fuel usage, but without the
complexity and therefore cost of existing systems.
The Dearman heat hybrid
Dearman, Unit 5 Stafford Cross Business Park, Stafford Road, Croydon, CR0 4TU
T: +44 (0) 203 829 0035 W: dearman.co.uk E: info@dearman.co.uk

12. The
Future
Dearman is investing heavily in the development of future technologies and
applications that can deliver both environmental and economic benefits.
Dearman’s technology and product development process is driven by
the needs of customers. It works with them to identify and overcome their
environmental, economic and social challenges, ultimately by providing
access to cleaner and more affordable cold and power.
As the world faces global challenges of food scarcity, climate change,
increasing middle class consumption and growing energy demand,
how we deliver clean and sustainable cold and power is a major issue.
Dearman, with its unique clean cold and power technology, and world class
engineering know-how, is well placed to contribute, helping to make the
world a cleaner and cooler place.
Dearman,
Unit 5 Stafford Cross Business Park,
Stafford Road,
Croydon, CR0 4TU
T: +44(0) 203 829 0035
W: www.dearman.co.uk
E: info@dearman.co.uk