The document discusses semantic service creation for mobile users. It covers several key topics: - The elements needed for service delivery to "Beyond 3G" users and whether current technologies can address the challenges. - How semantic technologies like ontologies can help by describing services semantically and enabling dynamic service composition. - Examples of how semantics can support personalization and context awareness to better link user preferences to available services.

1. 16th Summer School on Telecommunications, 2007:
Semantic Service Creation for
Mobile Users
Josef Noll, UniK/UiO
University Graduate
Center/University of Oslo
josef@unik.no
15.8.2007, Josef Noll -
1

2. Overview
Mobile Service Creation

Background
–
Challenges
–
Scenario
–
Semantic Service Platform

Service Oriented Architecture
–
OSA, Parlay, ParlayX
–
Semantic Web Services
–
Adaptive Services Grid - ASG-platform.org
–
Service realisation

Findings
–
2 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
2

3. Service development
B3G:
3G:
2G:
1G:
2000
1970 1980 1990 2010
source: Vision B3G, P1145 project, Eurescom Summit 2001
5.2.2002 www.eurescom.de => P1145 page
3

4. Service development
So,
for which services should
B3G:
we design B3G?
3G: Multimedia communication
Mobile telephony, SMS, FAX,
2G:
Data
1G:
Mobile telephony
2000
1970 1980 1990 2010
source: Vision B3G, P1145 project, Eurescom Summit 2001
5.2.2002 www.eurescom.de => P1145 page
3

5. Service development
Personalised broadband
B3G:
wireless services
3G: Multimedia communication
Mobile telephony, SMS, FAX,
2G:
Data
1G:
Mobile telephony
2000
1970 1980 1990 2010
source: Vision B3G, P1145 project, Eurescom Summit 2001
5.2.2002 www.eurescom.de => P1145 page
3

6. Roadmap Beyond 3G (B3G)
B3G
Security, QoS, Price
Appearance, User friendly
User preferences
Presence (context aware)
It
Community (micro co-ordination connection,
services)
Media scaling
Service discovery, Jini, Mobile
Services Agents
It is
Management: network, security
Core Network 1-2 Mbit/s everywhere
Access network 200 Mbit/s in hot-spots
Technology Terminals
It is
Supplementary
technologies
2001 2005 2008/2010
source: Vision B3G, P1145 project, Eurescom Summit 2001
5.2.2002 www.eurescom.de => P1145 page
4

7. Roadmap Beyond 3G (B3G)
B3G
Security, QoS, Price
Appearance, User friendly
User preferences
Presence (context aware)
It
Community (micro co-ordination connection,
services)
Media scaling
Service discovery, Jini, Mobile
Services Agents
It is
Management: network, security
Core Network 1-2 Mbit/s everywhere
Access network 200 Mbit/s in hot-spots
Technology Terminals
It is
Supplementary
technologies
2001 2005 2008/2010
source: Vision B3G, P1145 project, Eurescom Summit 2001
5.2.2002 www.eurescom.de => P1145 page
4

8. Example:
Personalised Information Provision
Information
provider
5 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
5

9. Example:
Personalised Information Provision
News ticker:
Soccer
Information
Accident
provider
etc
5 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
5

10. Example:
Personalised Information Provision
News ticker:
Soccer
Information
Accident
provider
etc
Interesting?
Profile
Information scaling database
Inform user?
Agenda
Location
Information
5 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
5

11. Example:
Personalised Information Provision
News ticker:
Soccer
Information
Accident
provider
etc
Interesting?
Profile
Information scaling database
Inform user?
Agenda
Terminal, radio
capabilities?
Location
Information
5 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
5

12. Example:
Personalised Information Provision
News ticker:
Soccer
Information
Accident
provider
etc
Interesting?
Profile
Information scaling database
Inform user?
Agenda
Terminal, radio
M’United 2:1 capabilities?
Ole Gunnar
Location
Information
5 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
5

13. Service centric view
My Company
Everything is a

service App App App
Support Comp.
1 2 3
– network access
WEB SAP
– phone call
Managed through

service oriented
Telecom Operator
Alternative access
architecture (SOA)
Roaming Location
Main deficiencies
 Home Work Security Personal
Profile
– phone services Friend Train
Telenor access
Hotel Car
– wireless/mobile
environment
– proximity services
(pop-up)
6 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
6

14. Industry requirements
Web services Semantic Web Services
 Fixed service set, Static  Flexible services, easy
service composition, Low new services
degree of automation
 Poor reliability  Alternative service
provision
 Fixed Service Level
Agreement  Global, dynamic services
7 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
7

15. User-Centric View
Customer preferences

Trust relation Content
– Content
provider
provider
Clear value proposition
–
Content
(convenience) provider
Information/advertisement
–
Content
overload aggregator
Customer care
provider
Main duties for service players

Trust provider
Customer relation (paying the
– Privacy
Personalisation
bill)
– Service integration
– New business ideas
– Customer protection (information
Convenient user services, covering trust, privacy, providing personalisation
overload)
8 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
8

16. Mobile Adventure
Looking ahead
• Mobile computing has original types of discovery
1. Situated discovery
Services may be available through RFID or Felica
How are these services discovered?
2. Policy/Environment-based discovery
Interaction with a given services is required in a
given environment
Bus tickets
© 2006 by DoCoMo Communications
Laboratories Europe GmbH
source: Massimo Paolucci, DoCoMo Eurolabs, “OWL-S for Mobile Users”, Oct 2006
9

17. Mobile Adventure
What do you mean with Service?
The mobile application view:
• 2D bar codes, NFC
• Bluetooth-based services
• Social Networking
• Supporting user in daily life
© 2006 by DoCoMo Communications
Laboratories Europe GmbH
source: Massimo Paolucci, DoCoMo Eurolabs, “OWL-S for Mobile Users”, Oct 2006
10

18. Mobile Adventure
PERvasive Service Interaction
• Mobile users can interact with arbitrary
objects tagged with electronic or visual tags
• Through this interaction the mobile user
implicitly interact with a service
• Mobile user can purchase goods such as
tickets, music etc; or acquire information
about a location, products, transport etc.
In collaboration with
Ludwig Maximilian
Universität
München
© 2006 by DoCoMo Communications
Laboratories Europe GmbH
source: Massimo Paolucci, DoCoMo Eurolabs, “OWL-S for Mobile Users”, Oct 2006
11

19. Scenario: Telematics Service
 Goal of the end service consumer:
Acquire any information that might be of interest
while commuting by car to work or visiting an
unfamiliar area, for example as a tourist
 The service is to be run on a mobile phone
 Implementation today is scattered and varying
• Internet, broadcast, car navigation systems, mobile platforms
• Manual and automatic call centres, integrated services
ICIW-06, 23.-25.02.2006
Semantic ASG Web Services, editor: Josef Noll /14
12

20. Telematics Application Flow
Alternative Routes
Select Task Details of Alternative Routes
Departure/
Expected travel time: 15 min
Arrival
1. Route assistance 1.Toll Road: Yes
From: <Current location> Price: NOK 20
3)
2. What to see, to do & where 3) Expected travel time: 25 min
2.
3)
Toll Road: No
3)
Rica Ishavshotel
To: 1)
3. Infotainment Public Transportation
1) 1) 3.
Expected travel time: 30 min
2) 2)
When: <Now> No. of swops: 2
2)
Price: NOK 30
1) 15 min 2) 25 3) 30
min
Select min
Select Quit Detail Quit
Quit OK Select
s
Route
Assistance
Show POIs Guidance
Quit New Route
Route Guidance
Traffic Alerts
POIs
Route Guidance
Traffic Alert
Queue due to
1. Take left
major traffic
towards Sjøgata
accident.
2. After 2 km take
Expected delay
left into the tunnel
40 minutes
Back
Back Back
ICIW-06, 23.-25.02.2006
Semantic ASG Web Services, editor: Josef Noll /14
13

21. Summary:
Mobile Service Delivery
What are the elements for Service Delivery to

“Beyond 3G” users?
14 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
14

22. Summary:
Mobile Service Delivery
What are the elements for Service Delivery to

“Beyond 3G” users?
Do we have technologies in place to perform the

challenges?
14 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
14

23.  Semantic Technologies
– what are they
– how can they help
15 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
15

24. Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF):
Role of Semantics
Linking the service world to the user preferences

Service
User A
Preferences
Service
Identities, roles
C
Service
• Describe services semantically
B
• Allow for dynamic service composition
• Enable complex service provision with
components from 3rd party providers
• Enable effective service upgrade and
• Enable dynamic preference
testing
description
• Supporting personalisation and
context awareness
• Supports adaptation to interests
Semantic Services are a potential glue for complex service composition
16 15.8.2007, Josef Noll Semantic Services for Mobile Users
16

25. Why Semantics?
 Syntax vs. Semantics
Title: Ontological Engineering
Authors: Asunción Gómez-Pérez...
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What do the tags mean for the machine?
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
17

26. Why Semantics?
 Conceptual Level
lunch (.es)
lunch (.no)
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
18

27. The General Vision
Syntactic
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
19

28. The General Vision
500 million user more than

3 billion pages
WWW
Static URI, HTML, HTTP
Syntactic
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
19

29. The General Vision
WWW
Static URI, HTML, HTTP
Syntactic Semantic
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
20

30. The General Vision
 Serious Problems in
Information finding

Information extracting

Information representing

Information interpreting

Information maintaining

WWW Semantic Web
Static URI, HTML, HTTP RDF, RDF(S), OWL
Syntactic Semantic
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
20

31. Semantic Web Services
Intelligent Web
Web Services
Dynamic
Services
UDDI, WSDL, SOAP
Semantic Web
WWW
Static RDF, RDF(S), OWL
URI, HTML, HTTP
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
21

32. Semantic Web Services
Bringing the web
to its full potential
Intelligent Web
Web Services
Dynamic
Services
UDDI, WSDL, SOAP
Semantic Web
WWW
Static RDF, RDF(S), OWL
URI, HTML, HTTP
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
21

33. Semantics in Business: Knowledge
Management
 Enable a paradigm switch in searching
information
 From
Information Retrieval

 To
Question Answering

 This presentation illustrates an application in
this line for one particular domain
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
22

34. Semantics in Business: Knowledge
Management
 Enable a paradigm switch in searching
information
 From Google: “Josef Noll”
Information Retrieval

 To
Question Answering

 This presentation illustrates an application in
this line for one particular domain
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
22

35. Semantics in Business: Knowledge
Management
 Enable a paradigm switch in searching
information
 From Google: “Josef Noll”
Information Retrieval

Where has Josef Noll
 To introduced Semantic Identity for the
first time?
Question Answering

Who is? which media?...
 This presentation illustrates an application in
this line for one particular domain
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
22

36. Ontology: Origins and History
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
23

37. Ontology: Origins and History
• In Philosophy, fundamental branch of metaphysics
– Studies “being” or “existence” and their basic categories
– Aims to find out what entities and types of entities exist
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
23

38. Ontology: Origins and History
• In Philosophy, fundamental branch of metaphysics
– Studies “being” or “existence” and their basic categories
– Aims to find out what entities and types of entities exist
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
23

39. Ontology: Origins and History
• In Philosophy, fundamental branch of metaphysics
– Studies “being” or “existence” and their basic categories
– Aims to find out what entities and types of entities exist
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
23

40. Ontology: Origins and History
• In Philosophy, fundamental branch of metaphysics
– Studies “being” or “existence” and their basic categories
– Aims to find out what entities and types of entities exist
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
23

41. Ontology: Origins and History
• In Philosophy, fundamental branch of metaphysics
– Studies “being” or “existence” and their basic categories
– Aims to find out what entities and types of entities exist
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
23

42. Resource Description Framework
(RDF)
W3C recommendation (http://www.w3.org/RDF)

RDF is graphical formalism ( + XML syntax + semantics)

for representing metadata

for describing the semantics of information in a machine- accessible way

RDF is a basic ontology language

Resources are described in terms of properties and property values using RDF

statements.
Statements are represented as triples, consisting of a subject, predicate and object.

[S, P, O]
Josef Noll
hasName
hasAffiliation
Josef UniK
hasHomePage
http://www.unik.no
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
24

43. Web Ontology Language (OWL)
 Built on top of RDF(S) and renaming DAML+OIL primitives
 Three layers:
OWL Lite: a small subset, easier for frame-based tools to

transition to, easier reasoning
OWL DL: description logic, decidable reasoning

OWL Full: RDF extension, allows meta-classes

 Several syntaxes:
Abstract syntax: easier to read and write manually, closely

corresponds to DL
RDF/XML: OWL can be parsed as an RDF document, more

verbose
Semantic Technologies: Diamond in the Rough?
Source: Juan Miguel Gomez, Universidat Carlos III de Madrid
25

44. Example Ontology (Protégé)
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
26

45. Example Ontology (Protégé)
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
26

46. Example Ontology (Protégé)
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
26

47. Example Ontology (Protégé)
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
26

48. Example Ontology (Protégé)
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
26

49. Example Ontology (Protégé)
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
26

50. Example Ontology (Protégé)
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
26

51. Example Ontology (Protégé)
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
26

52. WSMO Studio / SAWSDL Edtor
[Source: Kunal Verma, Accenture and AmitStollberg, Armin Haller, DERI]
[Source: Michael Sheth, Wright State University]
27

53. OWL Experiences and Directions
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
28

54. OWL Experiences and Directions
• Workshop at ESWC’07 (Innsbruck, Austria)
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
28

55. OWL Experiences and Directions
• Workshop at ESWC’07 (Innsbruck, Austria)
• Brings together users, implementors and researchers
[Source: Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester]
28

56. OWL