1.
Presentation Discourse Studies
Presented to Sir Muhammad Qasim
Presented by Tuba Latif
Roll no 02.
Topic;
John Rogers Searle’s contribution in;
[Classification of Illocutionary act]
[Direct or Indirect speech]
[Felicity of conditions]

2.
Introduction of John Rogers Searle
John Rogers Searle is an American Philosoper born july 31,1932 in
U.S.
He received all his university degrees,BA,MA,D.Phil from the
university of Oxford where he had his first faculty positions. while
he was at Oxford,Searle studied under british philosopher
J.S.Austin.
at UC Berkeley,he became first frofessor to join the 1964-1965 free
speech movement.

3.
Major works of john Searle;
The Rediscovery of the mind (1992)
Philosophy of mind (1983)
Mind,Language and Society (1984)
Foundations of Illocutionary logic (1985)
Rationality in Action (2001)
Consciousness and Language (2002) Mind
,Brains and Science (2004) Philosophy
in a new country (2008)
Making the Social world (2009)

4.
John Searle best known for his work in the
philosophy of language,especially speech
act theory and the philosophy of
mind.Searle point out that’The basic
human language communication is the
Illocutionary act’his work on speech act
influenced by J.L.Austain and Ludwing
wittension helped established his
reputation.
He attempted to synthesize ideas from
many colleagues including J.L.Austain[the
illocutionary act] from how to do things
with words,Ludwig Wittgenstein and
G.C.L.Midgley[the distiniction between
regulative and constituted by the rules]

5.
John Searl’s focus;
John Searl emphasizes on three things;
Rules,Propositions,Meaning
Rules;
Searl also discusess the notion of rules even use of
expressions.there are two type of rules ;
regulative rules and constituative rules
Regulative Rules;
Regulative rules are the rules which control or
regulate existing activities or form of behaviour and
often have the form of imperatives. for example;
student must wear school uniform.
when we cutting vegetables,hold the knife in the
right hand.
Constitutive Rules;
constitutive rules are those rules which create or
define new activities or new form of behavior.for
example;
we should help and support our friends to
demonstrate our friendship.

6.
Propositions;
Different illocutionary acts often have features in
common but they are different propostitional
sense.for example;
will she live the room?
she will leave the room.
would that she left the room.
Meaning
Relationship between the notion of meaning and
the notion of intention of speaker.
what the speaker means and what the words
mean which he utters.

7.
Classification of Illocutionary act
Searle sets out to combine all the
above mention elements in his
essay ‘what is speech act’ to give
his account of Illocutionary acts.
concepts presented in this essay is
the distiniction between the
‘Illocutionary force’ and the
‘propostitional content’of an
utterance.
Searle classified Illocutionary act into
five types;
Representatives
speech act
Directive speech act
comissives speech
act
Expressive speech
act
Declarative speech
act

8.
Representatives speech act;
Utterance that provide information,statement,conclusion or express the belief of the speaker.
for example,
Islamabad is the capital city of pakistan.
He is an honest person.
you know,she is really a good girl.
after read this artical i’can say Searle synthesize many ideas.
Directive Speech act
it expresses what the speaker wants such as
requesting,ordering,advising,suggesting,commanding,challenging etc.for example,
come to the classroom.
Go home.
plz give me a glass of water.
you should have to go through with the given pattern.

9.
Comissives Speech Act;
it expresses speaker’s intention.like some future
action,promises,threats,refusal.
for example;
I’swear to tell the truth.
I will repay the money i borrowed.
Expressive Speech Act;
it expresses the emotional state of the
speaker like
apologizing,thanking,congratulating or
condoling.for example;
congratulations! for your success
i’m sorry.
thanks for your favour.
Declarative Speech
Act;
utterence that declare
something
like,naming,appointing,resignin
g,firing etc.for example;
You are fired.
referee;you are out!
priest;i’now pronounce you
husband and wife.
Doctor;your patient is no more.
you are a manager of this
company from today.

10.
Direct and Indirect Speech Act;
Searle makes distiniction between direct and
indirect speech act.when we say one thing that
also has means something else.
Direct Speech Act;
when there is a direct relationship between a structure
and a function.for example;
Give me a glass of water.
complete your homework right now.
You wear a seat belt.[declarative]
Did you wear a seat belt?[interrogative]
wear a seat belt![imperative]
Indirect Speech Act;
If there is indirect relationship between
structure and function of utterance.for
example;
it’s cold out side.
you are standing on my foot.
can you open the
door?(question,request)

11.
Felicity of conditions of Speech Act;
There are four types of felicity of conditions in speech act.
Propositional
content
condition;
Acceptable
words,accept
able
procedure.
Preparatory
condition;
Appropriate
person use
it in
particular
context.
Sincerity
Condition;
person
must have
belief or
feelings to
do the
action.
Essential
condition
responsibility
of carrying
out the act.