This document provides an overview of short sea shipping policies in the EU and Turkey. It begins with definitions of transportation modes and discusses the advantages of sea transportation, including its low cost. It then defines short sea shipping and discusses the EU's policies to promote it, including the Motorways of the Sea initiative and Marco Polo Program. Turkey's short sea shipping lines and policies are also examined, noting Turkey's strategic location and the growth of its ro-ro transportation network. The document concludes that both the EU and Turkey should continue supporting short sea shipping to address transportation challenges in a sustainable manner.

1. Investigation of Short Sea Shipping EU and
Turkish Policy, Service and Lines in Turkey
Cpt. A.Tuğsan İŞİAÇIK ÇOLAK¹- Assis. Prof. Dr. Sevilay CAN²
¹Istanbul Technicial University Maritime Faculty, Turkey, isiacik@itu.edu.tr
²Istanbul Technicial University Maritime Faculty, Turkey, sevcan@itu.edu.tr

2. AGENDA
1. Definition and Modes of Transportation
2. Sea Transportation and Its Advantages
3. Short Sea Shipping
4. EU Short Sea Shipping Policy
5. Turkish Short Sea Shipping Policy - Turkish Short Sea
Shipping Lines - Brief History of a Successful RORO
Company in Turkey
6. Conclusion

3. 1. Definition and Modes of Transportation
• Transportation is the
movement of people,
animals and goods from one
location to another.
Transportation is the main
source of country economy
and development(1)…

4. Modes of Transportation
• Road transportation
• Rail transportation
• Sea transportation
• Air transportation
• Intermodal transportation
Each transportation mode has key operational and
commercial advantages and properties.(2)

5. 5
Overview of Maritime
Transportation

6. • Sea Transportation: Any movement of goods and/or
passengers using seagoing vessels on voyages which are
undertaken wholly or partly at sea.(3)
SHIPPING DENSITY DATA
Picture from: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch3en/conc3en/maritimedomains.html

7. Why Maritime Transportation?
First, Low Cost Way for Transport
• Sea transportation is
-14 times cheaper than the air,
-7 times cheaper than the land
transport and
-3.5 times cheaper than the
railway carriage (2).

8. Freight Transport Costs in Cents
per Ton-Mile
Ref: R. Ballou (1998) Business Logistics Management, 4th Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

9. Distance, Modal Choice and
Transport Cost
Ref:http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch3en/conc3en/transcost.html

10. 2. Sea Transportation and
Its Advantages
The Advantages of Maritime
Transportation
• assuring the quality, speed and
security together,
• giving less damage to the enviroment
than the others
• it already exists and does not require
on going maintenance,
• seas tends to comprise large spacious
areas mostly unaffected by traffic
congestion
• sea transport capacity can be
increased, subsentially and speedly,
through the addition of more ships or
larger ships or faster ships. (4)

11. 3. Short Sea Shipping BASIC TERMINOLOGY
MULTI MODAL TRANSPORT
Carriage of Goods by at least Two Different Modes of Transport
INTERMODAL TRANSPORT
Usage Of Two Or More Modes Of Transport Same Loadıng Unit, No Handlıng
Of The Goods While Changing Modes Integrated Transport Chain
COMBINED TRANSPORT
Means Of Transport Where One (Passive) Transport Unıt is Carried by Another
(Active) Unit Which Provides Traction And Consumes Energy

12. A New Sea Transportation Concept: Short Sea
Shipping
• The Short Sea Shipping is a mode
of passenger and freight
transportation among the
European ports as well as
between these ports and the
non-European countries that have
coasts to the inland seas at the
European borders (4).

13. • According to this definition Short
Sea Shipping includes domestic
and international maritime
transport, including feeder
services, along the coast and to
and from the islands, rivers and
lakes.
• EU member countries and the
countries with coasts to the
Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and
Baltic Sea as well as the European
Economic Area members Norway
and Iceland.

14. ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY SHORT
SEA SHIPPING AS A DERIVATIVE OF
COMBINED TRANSPORT

15. 1) A facility providing more flexibility
to users as well as service providers
(operators) the ability to mobilize at
faster rates.

16. 2) An environmentally friendly form of
transport. (in harmony with sustainable
development of transport policies)

17. 3) A safe mode of transport.
Decreases the probability of an
accident occuring by more than 65%
when compared to conventional road
transport.

18. 4) SSS offers the most reliable service (Just in
time delivery)

19. 5) Rationalization and optimization of
services. (efficiency in operations and
minimized operational costs)

20. 6) Minimized depreciation costs of passive
transport units. Savings up to 23% in the
whole transport chain.

21. 7) Reduction in bureaucratic procedures and
minimization of documentation.

22. 8) Facilitation of bonus road transport
permits through utilization of combined
transport facilities by Ministries of Transport
of various countries.

23. 9) Balancing traffic among different modes of
transport, thus providing a useful tool to
achieve public tolerance towards transport in
general.
(Contribution to sustainable transport policy)

24. 10) SSS imposes minimal investment and
maintanence costs on Governments.
Utilization of “nature made” highways
“MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA”

25. 4. EU Short Sea Shipping Policy
• For EU Countries, Short Sea Shipping is proposed as an
alternative mean of freight movement to reduce the number
of trucks that daily congest about 4000 km of road networks
and associated social costs which cannot be removed unless
huge investments in infrastructure are made at the expense of
more social costs.

26. • Other important factor of short sea shipping is port. It is
aimed to have better integrate ports and logistic chain
between ports and hinterland. For short sea shipping, the key
factor is always door to door transportation.
• In 1997 the Commission published a Green Paper about
ports.

27. • With White Paper the concept of Motorways of the sea and for Sea
Motorways become part of the trans-European network (Ten-T).
• Ten-T is defined as an instrument to construct a European
infrastructure network, with long-term goals such as development
of the internal market and economic and social cohesion.
• In 2003, the Commission proposed a revision of TEN-T which
included 29 priority projects implended by 2020

28. • Also Marco Polo is supported for Motorways of the Sea with
based on the same criteria. Aim of Marco Polo project is
shifting freight from road to more environmentally non road
modes (Ro-La). For national administrations also short sea
shipping promotion centers are established.
• After COM (2004) 478, second Marco Polo Programme is
established. The aim is same; shifting more than 140 billion
tonne kilometers of freight off the road but now ,it is more
environmentalist to reduce CO2 emissions by 8400 million
kg.

29. • Another project is 2003-2007, The EuroMed Transport
Project aims to facilitate cooperation between the 12
Mediterranean Partner Countries with the goal of supporting
the development of the future Euro-Mediterranean Free
Trade Area and promoting regional economic integration by
improving the functioning and the efficiency of the
Mediterranean transport system

30. 5. Turkish Short Sea Shipping Policy - Turkish Short Sea
Shipping Lines - Brief History of a Successful RORO
Company in Turkey
30

31. • Turkey has 8333 km coastline,
2627 km territorial border, SE
Europe, SW Asia, bordering Black
Sea, Aegean Sea and Med. Sea.
Turkey is gateway from/to
Europe, Central Asia, Black Sea,
East Med and Gulf. Turkey is
candidate of EU also member
ship of UN, NATO, European
Council, OECD, World Bank and
EU Customs Union

32. 86 % of the imports and exports of Turkey
was carried by seaways in 2010

33. 33
Geographical Distribution of Main Ports in Turkey

34. Multi-modal Transportation, specially in the Mediterranean basin and in
the Black Sea region has great advantages for Turkey.
Ro-Ro transportation, one of the most important and functional mode of
intermodal transportation due to geographical location of our country .
After Yugoslavia civil war in 1993, Turkey first started Turkey – European
roro line between Istanbul and Trieste.

35. 35
International Ro-Ro Routes from
TurkeyFRANSA
Trieste
UKRAYN
A
Kırım Novo RUSYA
Sochi
Marsilya Köstence Poti
Toulon ROMANY
A GÜR.
Tekirdağ
ITALY Zonguldak Samsun
A
Pendik TrabzonRize
Ambarlı
TÜRKİYE
Çeşme
Mersin
Magosa
KKTC
Ref: RODER, U.N Ro-Ro

37. UN RO-RO, is the innovative RO-RO company serving truckers operating
between Turkey and Western Europe.
UN RO-RO was the winner of the 2005 European Intermodal Association (EIA)
Award in “ Best intermodal transport or freight integration service” category.

38. U.N Ro-Ro Today …
• U.N Ro-Ro is the leading Ro-Ro operator between Turkey and Europe with a market share of 34.5%
offering a time and cost effective alternative to land transport for international trucking companies
▫ Targets exports to Western European (Germany, Italy, France, UK, Benelux) countries with a total
market volume of ~230K units in 2010
▫ Young and modern fleet of eleven custom-built vessels with an average age of 4.5 years and a total
capacity of 39,450 lanemeters (c. 2,550 trailer units)
▫ Long-term access to strategic port locations within Istanbul, Trieste and Mersin
U.N Ro-Ro Network Market Share – 2010 YTD (October)
Trieste
Marseilles
Constanţa Land,
53.3% U.N Ro-Ro,
Italy Istanbul 34.5%
Izmir
Mersin
UND Deniz, Çeşme,
4.1% 8.1%
1. Market share information based on RODER custom gate statistics

39. 39
Modern Ro-Ro Fleet Combined Transport
 11 Turkish flagged Ro-Ro vessels  Current routes:
 Average age of fleet 4.5 years (very  Istanbul-Trieste
modern)  Mersin-Trieste
 Total capacity of 39.450 lanemeters or  Istanbul-Toulon
2.550 truck trailers  Istanbul-Constanta
 350 Turkish employees  Approximately 610 sailings per annum
 Ro-La, tax free fuel station, air connection
and port services

41. For Black Sea
regular Ro-Ro lines have been established between
Northern Black Sea ports Odessa,Yalta, Sivastopol,
Novorossiysk, Poti and Turkey‟s Trabzon, Samsun,
Zonguldak and Karadeniz Ereğli ports.

42. International Transportation, Amount of cargo carried from 2003 to 2011 has
been increased %50 percent.
Ş YOR…
DENİ OTOYOL AĞ I GENİ Lİ
Z
2003 2011

43. 43
INLAND RORO TRANSPORT
An example of successful operation in our country is the Ro-Ro
transportation between the Northern-Southern ports of the Sea of
Marmara which is an inland sea of our country.

44. 44
By these lines many TIR vehicles have been taken from the highways, and
the traffic density in the crowded cities like İstanbul and Bursa has
decreased and so a contribution was made to the environment.
In the Year 2010, 84.595.160 passengers and 6.921.704 vehicles were carried
by İDO A.Ş. in within inland Marmara Sea lines.

45. Container Feeder Service
East Mediterranean Express Service Shipping and Transport S.A. (EMES) provides regular
weekly services between Black Sea and the Mediterranean Ports with its fleet of 21
vessels, which includes vessels belonging to Arkas.

46. Turkon and Emes are the two major local short sea container shipping lines operators.
Turkon Line calls the ports in the Mediterranean, Israel, North America and
Europe with its own new containers serving to the needs of the shippers.

47. Now Turkey has an active role for Ten-T, Marco
Polo, EuroMed, Traceca Project and Tina Process.
In parallel with Euopean Council Short sea shipping
policy, the “Short Sea Promotion Center” (SPC -
Turkey) has been established in Turkey by the
Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of
Turkey (TOBB),

48. 6. Conclusion
• The seas are lifeblood for Europe and Turkey. It should be beared in mind
that there is a trend „short sea shipping‟ and short sea shipping market is
growing - especially North European countries
• Turkish roro shipping has been improving and needs more domestic roro
lines for reducing road traffic, risks and environment pollution and noise,
risks of death especially. For transporters, „‟Saving time‟‟ and ‟‟ less waiting
at custom gates of all countries are the main factors effecting profits.

49. • With Turkey‟s huge industrial capacity, geographical and strategic positions
of Turkish ports, Turkey should make greater achivements in short sea
shipping.
• Government should realise the fact that SSS does not include only roro
shipping. Also feeder container shipping should be supported.
• With the new roro lines connecting Middle East to Europe (Egypt-
Mersin), For SSS, Turkey has proved its importance as being one of the
leading country in EU.
• The Short Sea Shipping Operation, could provide an answer to the present
problems encountered in classical road transport and is totally in line with
the sustainable transport policies of the EU.

50. Ref:
• (1)http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/transport
• (2) Unalmış, M.,(2005) Maritime Transportation in Turkey & European Unıon with Special Reference
To Privatization of Ports,MSc Thesis,İstanbul University,İstanbul
• (3) http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4277
• (4)Baird, A.J. (1998) Fast Freight Ferries as an Instrument of Modal Shift. Conference on Fast
Seaborne Transportation. London: RINA (Royal Institution of Naval Architects).

51. THANK
YOU.