Farewell to deterministic networks: smarter networks for the Internet of Things
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This talk is also available as a 4-page paper in http://bit.ly/SCVTpaper (Proceedings of IEEE SCVT 2012) Abstract—As communication networks become increasingly complex and dynamic, the three functions known as monitoring, control and management prove to be ineffective. It is increasingly difficult to operate large networks, perform diagnostics, prevent cascading failures, or deliver dependable services. I argue that this is because, although the Internet serves more terminals than there are neurons in the brain, we still handle our networks via deterministic protocols. We still try to capture the complex entangle of interconnections by creating deterministic models of the network, its traffic and control system. By the year 2020 the number of interconnected ‘things’ will grow by a factor of a thousand, and networks will be programmed to ‘learn’ how to detect new communication patterns and self-regulate, rather than acting deterministically. I introduce the anatomy of a smart network, discussing what more could be achieved with it.
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Farewell to deterministic networks: smarter networks for the Internet of Things
- 1. Farewell to deterministic networks: Smarter networks for the Internet of Things Prof. Antonio Liotta Eindhoven University of Technology http://bit.ly/autonomic_networks http://nl.linkedin.com/in/liotta https://twitter.com/#!/a_liotta www.slideshare.net/ucaclio http://bit.ly/press_articles
- 2. Three questions about networks • How have we come to build ‘deterministic’ networks? • Can we really connect 1 trillion ‘things’ by 2020? • What’s the anatomy of a smart network? Prof. A. Liotta 2
- 3. Advances in communication networks: What was the first ‘deterministic’ network? The Telegraph (William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone, 1839) Prof. A. Liotta 3
- 4. Advances in communication networks: What was the first ‘decent’ switched network ? Prof. A. Liotta The ‘human’ switch, circa 1940 4
- 5. Advances in communication networks: The perfectly engineered Telecommunications Management Network Architecture: • Layering • Abstraction • Insulation • Deterministic Strategy • Sophisticated • Dimensioned • Specialized • Standardized Legacy Prof. A. Liotta 5
- 6. Advances in communication networks: A perfectly simple network Diverse global services TMN Architecture: • Layering General-purpose • Abstraction transport • Insulation • Deterministic Strategy • Simple • Over-dimensioned • General-purpose • Open Diverse physical transmission media Legacy Prof. A. Liotta 6
- 7. Advances in communication networks: The (unsuccessfully) re-engineered IP Diverse global services TCP/IP TMN Architecture: QoS, DiffServ, MPLS, … • Layering • Abstraction • Insulation • Deterministic Strategy • Complex Diverse physical transmission media • Dimensioned • General-purpose QoS-enabled • Standardized IP has failed! Legacy Prof. A. Liotta 7
- 8. Advances in communication networks: New direction: keep the network simple, push complexity to the edges Re-engineered IP TCP/IP TMN Architecture: • Layering • Abstraction • Insulation • Deterministic Strategy • Ultra-Complex • Over-dimensioned • General-purpose • Open Legacy Prof. A. Liotta 8
- 9. Next ??? IoT: smart networks to handle diverse communication requirements Re-engineered IP IoT TCP/IP TMN Architecture: • Layering • Abstraction • Insulation • Deterministic Strategy • Ultra-Complex • Over-dimensioned • General-purpose We can no longer tackle • Open complexity via complexity Legacy Prof. A. Liotta 9
- 10. Next ??? IoT: smart networks to handle diverse communication requirements Re-engineered IP IoT TCP/IP TMN Architecture: • Layering • Abstraction • Cross-layer data fusion • Non-deterministic Strategy • Smart • Evolutionary • General-purpose • Open Legacy Prof. A. Liotta 10
- 11. Today: dumb, brute-force networks, raw-data hub Prof. A. Liotta 11
- 12. Tomorrow: smart networks are the data-fusion hub Prof. A. Liotta 12
- 13. Today: communication protocols assume that infinite energy is available Tomorrow: communication networks will integrate with energy networks 1trillion, each ~100 mWatt transmission power 100, each 1 Gigawatt supply Prof. A. Liotta 13
- 14. Today: networks stay neutral from apps requirements and user perception Tomorrow: networks no longer ignore QoE! Sending rate: 2048 Kbps HIGHER 39.48 dB - 23.85 dB Received quality LOWER 15.65 dB Prof. A. Liotta 14
- 15. Today: networks stay neutral from apps requirements and user perception Tomorrow: networks no longer ignore QoE! Sending rate: 768 Kbps LOWER 35.15 dB - 16.03 dB Received quality HIGHER 19.12 dB Prof. A. Liotta 15
- 16. Todays network meets the definition of “complexity” set by “complexity theory” • Properties of whole can’t be inferred from properties of individual parts • Individual components interact nonlinearly, leading to emergent behavior • Constantly evolves and unfolds over time Prof. A. Liotta 16
- 17. Today: networks can’t catch up with complexity /diversity / dynamics Smart networks: autonomic, learning, cognitive networks Nature-like features Hidden patterns Emergent behavior Self-regulation Learning Biological models Machine learning Prof. A. Liotta 17
- 18. The anatomy of a smart node Prof. A. Liotta 18
- 19. Today: we know how to build learning robots Tomorrow: networks will learn too Original Clips 50 50 100 100 150 150 200 Difference in 250 200 250 Temporal 300 300 350 350 Motion 400 400 450 450 500 500 550 550 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Initially we train the Reinforcement Learning network to handle teaches how to handle “News over Laptop” “Sport over Phone” Prof. A. Liotta 19
- 20. Smart networks should not be deterministic !! Prof. A. Liotta 20
- 21. Thank you ! Want to author or edit a book? New Springer Series: Internet of Things – Technology, Communications and Computing Get in touch!! http://bit.ly/pervasive-networks liotta.antonio@gmail.com Prof. A. Liotta 21