1.
Write:
Urbanization transformed American life.

2.
Write:
It means growth of cities.
The root word is urban
meaning “city.” Cities grew
rapidly during the 2nd
Industrial Revolution.

3.
Write:
Since factories were built in
or near cities; they drew
people who were looking
for employment.

4.
Pittsburgh—steel
Chicago—meat packing
Detroit—car manufacturing
New York—clothing factories

5.
Urban Life in America
How did the look of
cities change?
Write:
Buildings got much
taller and could house
(hold) more people.

6.
Write:

Increases in immigration

Widespread industrialization

Improvements in agricultural
technology

advancements in networks
of railroad and streetcar lines

7.
As immigration into the United States increased,
many immigrants arrived in major ports on the East
Coast and settled close to these places of entry. In
addition to this increase in population, people were
moving towards urban areas in search of work
because of new farming technology that required
fewer farm workers. Industrialization resulted in
large numbers of factories being built in urban areas.
All of these changes resulted in cities developing, or
the geographic process of urbanization.

8.
What was the purpose of Central Park in New
York?
Write:
To preserve
open green
space within a
growing,
crowded city.

9.
How did cities change in the late 1800s?
Write:
 buildings grew taller;
 cities more crowded;
 new city parks;
 settlement house
movement began

10.
What was urban life like at the turn of
century?
Wealthy
Class
Wealthy: flaunted
wealth;
 Middle class: had time
and money for leisure
activities
 Working class: lived in
tenements, paid low
wages, extremely poor.
Middle
Class

Working
Poor Class

11.
The wealthy
The middle class
The poor working class
Most made their money in
industry and business.
urban middle class was
made up of corporate
employees such as
accountants and managers,
and professionals
Most people in the cities
lived in poverty.
showed off their wealth in
many ways, especially in
their homes
such as teachers, engineers, Wages were low, and
lawyers, and doctors
housing shortages meant
that many people lived in
crowded tenements
built houses resembling
medieval castles and Italian
Renaissance palaces
1870s and 1880s,
professional organizations
began to set standards for
certain occupations such as
medicine, education, and
the law. Had time and
money for leisure activities
Tenement life was
unhealthy. Buildings did not
have sufficient light or
ventilation--few windows
overlooked streets and
alleys filled with trash and
sewage. No indoor
plumbing

12.
Define settlement house
Who was Jane Addams?
Write:
Settlement house:
neighborhood center
staffed by professionals and
volunteers for education,
recreation, and social
activities in poor areas
Jane Addams:
American social worker and
activist; she was the cofounder of Hull House, an
organization that focused on
the needs of immigrants.
Christian Association: Russian class
learning to speak English: "My Country
'Tis of Thee"

13.
How did the social gospel idea influence the rise of
settlement houses?
Write: The social gospel
taught that faith without
good works was useless,
and that Christians had a
duty to help the less
fortunate in solving social
problems such as poverty.
Christian Association: Russian class
learning to speak English: "My Country
'Tis of Thee"

14.
What did the crowding of cities lead to?
Write:
Crowding of cities led to
increased crime with
the development of
gangs.

15.
Societal Changes
Impact on Society
Positive
Growth of the Middle Class
Increased availability of consumer goods
Improved transportation systems
Increased levels of immigration
Unsanitary, overcrowded urban housing conditions
Growth of corporations: created monopolies/trustseliminated competition
Longer working hours—unsafe working conditions—
child labor
Increased labor union activity
Negative

16.
Political Scandal and Reform
READ: By the late 1800s
many American cities had
problems such as crime, bad
housing, and poor
sanitation. In some cities,
control of local government
passed to a political
machine, which was an
organization of professional
politicians. Political
machines made cities run
better, but they were often
corrupt.
Source: http://my.hrw.com

17.
Political Scandal and Reform
Define: Political Machines
Write: They were organized
groups of dishonest
politicians who had two
main goals:
 Get the group’s own
candidates elected to all
the top jobs in the city
government.
 Once in control of the
city government, use
that power to make the
leaders of the
organization rich.
Source:
http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/burns/Unit_4_Cities/U4_Tammany_Hall_NYC.html

18.
Political Scandal and Reform
This cartoon from the era
depicts Tweed leaning on
the ballot box with a sign
that reads "In counting
there is strength," referring
to the questionable
counting procedures that
plagued New York politics
at this time.


19.
How did political machine bosses
gain support from voters?
Bosses won support giving
people jobs or helping their
families. In return, they
expected votes, won
elections by fraud and used
their positions to gain
money, demanding bribes in
exchange for city contracts.


20.
How did the gangs of New York serve the machine
bosses?
Write:
They used force
during elections to
get people to vote
for the politician
that they
supported.

21.
Explain the significance of Tammany Hall.
Write:
It was a notorious New York
City machine. Its political
boss, William Marcy Tweed,
was eventually convicted of
fraud and sent to prison.
"Tammany Hall, located on West 14th
Street in New York City, ca. 1914.
Tammany Hall was the meeting place
for, and popular name of, the
Democratic Party political machine that
dominated much of New York City's
political life until 1933." [Library of
Congress]