SMC, JSMU, MBBS, Blood module

1. Pharmacology Lecture outlines week-05 Blood Module
SEMESTER I M.B.B.S (2013-14),SMC, JSMU
Lecture 1
Cell wall synthesis Inhibitor I . Penicillins
Learning objective
At the end of the lecture students should be able to:
1. Classify Penicillins
2. Describe pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Penicillins.
3. Explain the adverse effects and clinical uses of Penicillins.
Lecture outline
1, Penicillins are cell wall synthesis inhibitors; they are mainly divided into two
groups.
2. They can be administered orally and parenterelly.
3. Nowadays main indications of penicillins are sinusitis, UTI, otitis media, upper
and lower respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible microorganisms.
4. Most of the serious side effects are due to hypersensitivity.
Lecture 2
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors-II. Cephalosporin and others
Learning objectives
At the end of the lecture students should be able to:
1. Classify Cephalosporins
2. Describe pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetcs of Cephalosporins
3. Briefly explain the adverse effects and clinical uses of Cephalosporins

2. Lecture outline
Cephalosporins are cell wall synthesis inhibitors, have a broad spectrum of activity. They
are classified into four generations depending mainly on the spectrum of antimicrobial
activity.
First and second generation cephalosporin can be given by oral and parenteral route.
Third and fourth generations are mostly given by parenteral route.
Main adverse effect of this group is allergy.
Lecture 3
Protein synthesis inhibitors.-I. Aminoglycosides
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lecture the student should be able to discuss the following about
aminoglycoside antibiotics:
1. Describe their mechanismof action and pharmacologic properties.
2. Describe their spectrumof activity.
3. Describe their major side effects and drug interactions.
4. Discuss their use in the clinical setting.
Lecture 4
Antifolate drugs, Anti-metabolites/nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
Learning objectives
At the end of lecture students should be able to:
1. Classify antifolate drugs.
2. Differentiate between mechanism of action of sulfonamides and trimethoprim.
3. Describe the pharmacokinetcs and clinical uses of sulfonamides and trimethoprim.
Lecture outline

3. Sulfonamides
They inhibit dihydrofolate synthatase and thus folate production. They are effective
against gram +ve and gram-ve bacteria.
They are mainly used orally and as topical agents.
Main adverse effects are urinary tract disturbances and hematopoietic disturbances.
Trimethoprim.
It selectively inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, leading to inhibition of synthesis
of purines. It is given orally alone or in combination with sulfonamides.
It is effective against a wide variety of infections.
Adverse effects: trimethoprim may cause hematopoietic disturbances.
The adverse effects are more common in patients with AIDS.
Lecture 5
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors II. Tetracycline
Learning Objectives:
By the end of the lecture, students should be able to know:
 Introduction to tetracyclines.
 Classification.
 General Mechanism of action of tetracyclines.
 Pharmacokinetics of tetracyclines.
 Anti-bacterial spectrum.
 Clinical uses.
 Adverse effects.
 Contraindications of tetracyclines.

4. Lecture 6
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors II. Macrolides
By the end of the lecture the student should be able to discuss the following about
Macrolidesantibiotics:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the chemical structure of macrolides.
2. Classify macrolides.
3. Name the FDA approved macrolides.
4. Describe the spectrum of activity.
5. Explain the mechanism(s) of action.
6. Discuss the major mechanism(s) of resistance and how cross resistance
develops?
7. Describe the pharmacokinetics in brief.
8. What are clinical uses?
9. List the adverse drug reactions.
Lecture 7
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors II. Chloramphenicol
Learning Objectives:
By the end of the lecture, students should be able to know:
 Review of classification of protein synthesis inhibitors.

5.  Introduction to chloramphenicol.
 Mechanism of its action.
 Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics of chloramphenicol.
 Its therapeutic uses.
 Drug interactions of chloramphenicol.