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1
IMPORTANCE
2
INTRODUCTION
• Scientific name: zea mays
• family: poaceae
• Chromosome no.:2n=2x=20
• Centre of origin: south america and
central mexico 3
WILD PROGENATORS
It has two close relatives,
gama grass Tripsacum;(2n=36;72) and
Teosinte ( 2n=20 ).
Teosinte is the closest relative of maize and
crosses readily with it.
4
5
MORPHOLOGY
Maize is
tall,determinate
annual plant producing
large,narrow, opposite
leaves borne
alternately along the
length of a
solid stem.
6
• Maize is monoceous plant
• Maize is protoandrous plant
• Male flower is called as tassel
• Female flower is called as cob
FLORAL BIOLOGY
7
TASSEL
Anthers starts from top to bottom in
main axis and lateral branches.
Spikelets consists of two florets
sessile and pedicellate, pollen
shadding, 2-3 days often complete
emergence of tassel.
Pedicellate flowers shed pollen first
followed by sessile flowers (double
wave of falling pollen in maize).
It takes about 8-10 days for complete
anthesis of tassel with 3rd and 4th day
with peak anthesis. 8
Contd…..
Pedicellate flowers
shed pollen first
followed by sessile
flowers (double
wave of falling
pollen in maize).
• It takes about 8-10
days for complete
anthesis of tassel
with 3rd and 4th day
with peak
anthesis.
9
10
COB
• Female flower consists of florets in
pairs in longitudinal rows.
• One is sterile and other is fertile.
• Each female flower is represented by
thread like structure called style (800-
1000) depending on cob size with
bifid stigma.
• All the styles together constitute silk
of the cob.
• Emergence of silk will be around 8-10
days later than complete emergence
of tassel. Stigma remain receptive for
1-2 days.
11
12
SILK
• Generally, silk grow upto
10-15 cm in length and
can retain viability upto
7-10days in want to
effective pollination.
• Best seed set occurred
with pollination 3 to 5
days after silk
emergence, but
pollination after 8 days
still gave 66% seed set
compared to optimum.
13
SELFING
Bag the femaleflow With
butter paper bag
Tassel of the same
Plant cover with
tassel bag
• Dust the collected
• Pollen grain on silk
• Surface
14
SELFING AND CROSSING
TECHNIQUE
15
Detasselling
• Detasselling is the removal of tassel from female parent.
Detasselling is done when the tassel emerged out of the boot leaf,
but before the anthesis have shed pollen. Anthers take 2-4 days to
dehisce after complete emergence. Only in few cases, the anthers
start dehisce before its complete emergence. In such case
detasseling should be done earlier.
• Detasseling is done every day from the emergence of tassel upto
14 days.
• Procedure
• Hold the stem with left hand and remove the tassel with right
hand by a steady upward pull.
• Precautions to be adopted during detasselling
• Grasp entire tassel so that all the pollen parts are fully removed.
• Do not break or remove leaves as removal will reduce yields and
will result in lower quality of seed.
16
DETASSELING
17
SELFING AND CROSSING
TECHNIQUES
• THREE METHODS OF CROSSING
• Bottle method-jenkins (1923)
• overall method-hume (1941)
• Plot isolation method
18
19
Bottle method
• Also known as direct method
• Place the detasseled male flower into the
bottle containing water
• The tassel will provide the pollen for next 2-3
days when the silks emerges
• This method is rarely used
20
21
INSITU METHOD
• Also called as overall method
• It involves covering either entire plant or
from tassel upto ear with large cloth bag at
the time of flowering
• Expensive and time consuming method
22
OVERALL METHOD
23
24

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Maize

  • 1. 1
  • 3. INTRODUCTION • Scientific name: zea mays • family: poaceae • Chromosome no.:2n=2x=20 • Centre of origin: south america and central mexico 3
  • 4. WILD PROGENATORS It has two close relatives, gama grass Tripsacum;(2n=36;72) and Teosinte ( 2n=20 ). Teosinte is the closest relative of maize and crosses readily with it. 4
  • 5. 5
  • 6. MORPHOLOGY Maize is tall,determinate annual plant producing large,narrow, opposite leaves borne alternately along the length of a solid stem. 6
  • 7. • Maize is monoceous plant • Maize is protoandrous plant • Male flower is called as tassel • Female flower is called as cob FLORAL BIOLOGY 7
  • 8. TASSEL Anthers starts from top to bottom in main axis and lateral branches. Spikelets consists of two florets sessile and pedicellate, pollen shadding, 2-3 days often complete emergence of tassel. Pedicellate flowers shed pollen first followed by sessile flowers (double wave of falling pollen in maize). It takes about 8-10 days for complete anthesis of tassel with 3rd and 4th day with peak anthesis. 8
  • 9. Contd….. Pedicellate flowers shed pollen first followed by sessile flowers (double wave of falling pollen in maize). • It takes about 8-10 days for complete anthesis of tassel with 3rd and 4th day with peak anthesis. 9
  • 10. 10
  • 11. COB • Female flower consists of florets in pairs in longitudinal rows. • One is sterile and other is fertile. • Each female flower is represented by thread like structure called style (800- 1000) depending on cob size with bifid stigma. • All the styles together constitute silk of the cob. • Emergence of silk will be around 8-10 days later than complete emergence of tassel. Stigma remain receptive for 1-2 days. 11
  • 12. 12
  • 13. SILK • Generally, silk grow upto 10-15 cm in length and can retain viability upto 7-10days in want to effective pollination. • Best seed set occurred with pollination 3 to 5 days after silk emergence, but pollination after 8 days still gave 66% seed set compared to optimum. 13
  • 14. SELFING Bag the femaleflow With butter paper bag Tassel of the same Plant cover with tassel bag • Dust the collected • Pollen grain on silk • Surface 14
  • 16. Detasselling • Detasselling is the removal of tassel from female parent. Detasselling is done when the tassel emerged out of the boot leaf, but before the anthesis have shed pollen. Anthers take 2-4 days to dehisce after complete emergence. Only in few cases, the anthers start dehisce before its complete emergence. In such case detasseling should be done earlier. • Detasseling is done every day from the emergence of tassel upto 14 days. • Procedure • Hold the stem with left hand and remove the tassel with right hand by a steady upward pull. • Precautions to be adopted during detasselling • Grasp entire tassel so that all the pollen parts are fully removed. • Do not break or remove leaves as removal will reduce yields and will result in lower quality of seed. 16
  • 18. SELFING AND CROSSING TECHNIQUES • THREE METHODS OF CROSSING • Bottle method-jenkins (1923) • overall method-hume (1941) • Plot isolation method 18
  • 19. 19
  • 20. Bottle method • Also known as direct method • Place the detasseled male flower into the bottle containing water • The tassel will provide the pollen for next 2-3 days when the silks emerges • This method is rarely used 20
  • 21. 21
  • 22. INSITU METHOD • Also called as overall method • It involves covering either entire plant or from tassel upto ear with large cloth bag at the time of flowering • Expensive and time consuming method 22
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