13. 人口動態を含んだ成長恒等式 Y = GDP N = Population E = Total Employment Yi = Output of the i-th sector, i= A (primary), MS (second & tertiary) Ei = Employment of the i-th sector, i = A, MS Y = YA + YMS, E = EA + EMS so that y = Y/N = E/N[EA/E x Y A/EA + EMS/E x Y ΜS/EΜS] = E/N x YΜS /ΕΜS[ 1 – αΔ] where α = ΕΑ/Ε and Δ = [EMS – EA]/ EMS. Let [ 1 – αΔ] = S, which measures impacts of structural factors, the employment share of A-sector α and productivity differential between the MS-sector and A-sector Δ, on per capita income y. Then, the rates of growth g(.) of various variables satisfy the following relation: g(y) = [g(E) – g(N)] + g(YΜS /ΕΜs) + g(S) = [g(E) – g(N)] + g(TFPΜS) + θMS[g(KMS) – g(ΕΜs) ] + g(S) where KMS = input of capital service in the MS-sector and θMS = capital share in the MS-sector.