1. The Future of Work
Tecnológico de Monterrey - Escuela de Humanidades y Educación - Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad
Campus Ciudad de México. Mayo 14, 2019.
Doctorant Student: Néstor Márquez - Director: Dra. Natalia Vargas -
Lecturers: Dr. Javier Serrano - Dr. Jose Santillan - Dr. Federico Stezano.

2. PROMOTER - CONSULTANT - RESEARCHER
➤ CEO:
➤ Future Experts (FU2RX.com)
➤ Institute for Exponential Growth (insteg.org).
➤ Professor Digital Transformation:
➤ Tecnologico de Monterrey
(+ Program Director, Digital Transformation
Diploma)
➤ Universidad Católica Argentina Business
School (+ Program Director, Digital
Transformation Diploma).
➤ Panamerican Business School
➤ ENAE Business School (España).
➤ Matemático Aplicado - MBA - PHD ©
➤ 4 hijos: 29-28-4-2.
➤ Former Presidennt:
➤ Wunderman México and
➤ Mexican Association of Direct & Interactive Marketing,
➤ Research Committee del IAB México (former member
of the IAB Mexico board)
➤ Former:
➤ Data Scientist Wunderman Latam
➤ DuPont, development manager.
➤ Accenture Senior Consultant.
➤ DuPont, Leader Manufacturing Systems.
➤ Ad-hoc researcher Argentine Institute od Artificial
Intelligence, Sociedad Argentina de informativa e
investigación Operativa (SADIO).
https://www.linkedin.com/in/nestormarquez/
https://nestormarquez.com/

3. Future of Work 2050.
Technology develops
rapidly and significantly
transforms work.
✤ These changes would be more important around
2050, when this development would reach a
relevant point (Kurzweil, 2005).
Research Problem
La tecnología tiene el potencial de liberar al ser humano
del yugo del trabajo extremo y alienante, y llevarlo a un
mundo mejor. Ese mundo altamente automatizado podría
convertirse en una panacea para pocos.
* Internet of Things, Augmented or Virtual Reality, 3D Printing, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

4. Future of Work 2050.
This situation is
particularly significant for
a country like Mexico.
✤ Mexico - traditionally a labor provider - vs. Central
countries - mostly leading technology producers.
✤ The studies are mainly carried out by the central
countries (exceptions ILO - Millennium Project -
World Bank - OECD - CEPAL).
Research Problem

5. Future of Work 2050.
Does the subject prepared -personally and collectively- to
make the necessary political decisions to face these
challenges?
What future do we want for the human being?
The accelerated
transformation would
represent a social urgency, a
horizon of uncertainty for
individuals, organizations and
states.
Given this scenario, this investigation considers:#DoNotForgetHumans

6. Future of Work 2050.
The transformation of work in Mexico, in 2050
1
Work
Evolution &
Properties
2
Work
Transformation
Industrial Revolutions
5
2050 as
future
6
Mexico as a
stage
From the Revolution
to FreeTrade..
7
Narrativas:
Institucionales*
4
Neoliberalism as
temporality
3
Accelerated
Technology
Development
Moore Law’s
Singularity.
Como indicios de la
Transformación.
Utopia vs. Distopia
Future Design.
Main
Categories
!6
Analytical Framework:
Context for
Transformation. *Universidades, Centros de Investigación y
Organismos Multilaterales

7. Future of Work 2050.
Main Categories
!7

8. Future of Work 2050.
Tasks (Physical and mental effort)> Production of
Goods and Services> Address human needs and
desires.
Activity> Livelihood> Work to live or live from the
work of others ..
It is important to further highlight the collective /
social nature of work.
Work: fundamental to meet
human needs and
aspirations.
Naturaleza Colectiva/Social del trabajo: División social del trabajo
como marcador de cambio histórico, sistema de relaciones sociales,
conflictos y los antagonismos que derivan de esas relaciones.
Analytical Framework > Major Categories > 1. The Work::
1.1 - The stages in the
evolution of work.
1.2 - Job properties.

9. Future of Work 2050.
Retrospective of the
historical
transformations of work.
✤ The idea of work arises from a Tripail torture (three sticks) that produced
physical pain and from these Work and Travel have the roots of Tripaliare.
In those days working and traveling left the body hurting like tortured.
✤ In the Catholic religion, work is part of the divine punishment for original
sin.
El Futuro del Trabajo en el 2050.
Analytical Framework> Main Categories> 1. The Work > 1.1 Evolution

10. Future of Work 2050.
Understand from where the definitions that define
us and affect our daily life arise
3.1.1.1 - Work in Antiquity until 1674;
3.1.1.2 - Modern idea of work (1675-1789) *;
3.1.1.3 - The metamorphosis of work (1789-1850); *
3.1.1.4 - Exalted work (1850-1945); *
3.1.1.5 - Computed work (1945-2010);
3.1.1.6 - Work in post-scarcity era (2010-2050).
Analytical Framework> Main Categories> 1. The Work > 1.1 Evolution

11. Future of Work 2050.
1.2.3
Social
Mobility.
1.2.1
Sustentation.
1.2.2
Identity
1.2.4
Integrative and
Communitarial
1.2.5
Symbiotic*
Work is much more than a productive activity
PROPERTIES:
Work as a
source of:
!11
* Históricamente y
a partir de la posibilidad
de la amplificación humana
(Transhumanismo)
Analytical Framework> Main Categories> 1. The Work > 1.2

12. Future of Work 2050.
First we shape our
tools and then they
shape us (McLuhan)
Revoluciones Industriales:
✤ 2.1 - Primera (1750-1830).
✤ 2.2 - Segunda (1830-1914).
✤ 2.3 - Tercera (1914-1980).
✤ 2.4 - Cuarta (1980-).
Transformation: complete or
significant change (object of study)
is improvement / deterioration of
work capacity.
For Martin Ford (2015), it is a new
digital paradigm (disruptive
changes) and is characterized by its
speed, extension, and impact on
society.
Cybernetics from Norbert Wiener.
12
Norbert Wiener.
Analytical Framework > Major Categories> 2. Transformation of Work:

13. Future of Work 2050.
Everything changes too fast: what do we do?
4.1 - Tools and machines.
4.2 - Finite automata.
4.3 - Intelligent agents - or artificial
intelligence.
4.4 - Moore's Law.
4.5 - Digitalization of society and
business.
4.6 - The Technological Singularity.
Bengali Nobel Prize Amartya Sen *
(2018), who argues that the
important thing is not the
development itself but how that
development influences the real
possibilities of people.
!13
Ley de Moore y
la Singularidad
Tecnológica.
Analytical Framework> Main Categories> 3. Accelerated pace of technology:
*
* Amartya Sen: Economista, profesor universitario, filósofo, escritor y sociólogo. Premio Nobel de econnomía.

14. Future of Work 2050.
While liberalism has its origins in the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries, neoliberalism means
the resurgence of ideas associated with classical
liberalism - laissez faire - or liberalism of the
1970s and 1980s, associated with a reformed and
"friendly" version ", which includes some limited
level of interventionism.
The impact
on work in
neoliberal times
3.1 - Protestant work ethic
3.2 - Social Contract.
3.3 - New deal.
3.4 - The Third Way.
3.5 - Hacker Ethics.
3.7 - Accelerationism.
3.8 - Modern Monopolies.
3.9 - Universal Basic Income (RBU).
Analytical Framework> Main Categories> 4. Neoliberalism as temporarily

15. Future of Work 2050.
Extreme poverty is reduced but the gap grows
!15

16. Future of Work 2050.
Income gains not much distributed after 1970’s
!16
New Deal
Welfare Sate
NeoLiberalism
(Reagan-Tacher …)

17. Future of Work 2050.
The possibility that
the human being
ceases to be the most
intelligent on earth
5.1.1 - Neo-Luddites.
5.1.2 - Technoprogresism.
5.1.3 - Techno-Utopianism.5.1.4 -
Posthumanism.
5.2.1 - The future does not exist.
5.2.2 - Any idea on the future should seem
ridiculous.
5.2.3 - We create tools and then mold us.
17
2050
Analytical Framework> Categories> 5. 2050 as a future
This research assumes that by 2050, digital technology
would be at a time of significant development -
Technological Singularity or not.
The level of development of the machines would be so
significant that it would bring very important changes, in
work, in addition to other aspects of personal and
collective life, companies, the fields of economy and
politics, among others (Kurzweil, 2005).

18. Future of Work 2050.
2050 as a future and its ideologies
!18
And what is the
desired future for
human beings?
The abundance utopia.
Vs.
The slavery dystopia.
Analytical Framework> Categories> 5. 2050 as a future

19. Future of Work 2050.
Historical articulation between
economic and political transformations.
!19
Mexican Revolution Free Trade treaty The new Wall
Analytical Framework> Categories> 6. México as scenery.
3.6.1 - The great challenges of Mexico.
3.6.2 - Model of sustained development and free trade.
3.6.3 - Privatization of Mexican companies.
3.6.4 - Trade unionism and labor markets.
3.6.5 - Trade unionism and neoliberalism.
3.6.6 - Trade unionism a sleeping giant.

20. Future of Work 2050.
Some aspects of the Research
project
!20

21. Future of Work 2050.
Conversations on work
sometimes are
superficial, disjointed
and decontextualized.
✤ Sensationalist handling of the subject: random numbers
are thrown.
✤ These studies arise from technology-producing
countries (and companies) and not from those that could
be main victims of those labor replacement process.
BID: El Futuro del Trabajo en América
Latina y el Caribe (2019)
21
4.1.1 - State of Art:

22. Future of Work 2050.
Research questions.
!22

23. Future of Work 2050.
from the analysis of the narratives of the key
institutions * with greater relevance in the field
(universities, research centers and international
organizations)
How to account for the
process and factors after
the transformation of
work - and its properties -
and the implications for
people and communities?
5.1.1 - Research question:
* Universidades, Centros de Investigación y Organismos
Multilaterales, tanto nacionales como internacionales.

24. Future of Work 2050.
✤ What has been the historical link between work and technology?
✤ What would be the repercussions of technology on work according to the different
theoretical contributions?
✤ Are there approaches that account for the effects of accelerated technology
development on job properties?
✤ What is the position-narratives of the Key Institutions* in this regard?
✤ Is it possible to identify and analyze some impacts of these approaches in Mexico?
✤ Is it possible to identify decisions and actions that, guided by these narratives,
have taken different actors - working subjects, organizations and governments?
✤ Is it possible to build an alternative reference framework that accounts for the
effects of this transformation? And if so, what is its empirical potential?
✤ If this empirical potential is confirmed: Would the findings of this analytical
alternative contribute to the awareness process of working subjects, organizations
and governments?
✤ And if so, this alternative framework would provide significant lines for informed
decision-making by working subjects, government organizations-about their future.
The impact of past definitions
on work and preferable futures
5.1.2 - Specific Questions:
* Universities, Research Centers and Multilateral Organizations, both national and international.

25. Future of Work 2050.
The field work: here are the
institutional narratives to be evaluated
!25

26. Future of Work 2050.
Narratives of key institutions
around the transformation of
work - and its properties -
from reports and
pronouncements
✤ In this work, the unit of analysis corresponds to the Narratives of the Key Institutions
under study:
✤ Universities, research centers, multilateral organizations.
✤ In all Global, Regional and Local cases.
✤ The Information Units will consist of the reports and pronouncements of these institutions.
✤ Analysis period 2018-2020. With focus on 2019.
✤ Analyze in the reports how the themes of the future of work evolved - properties.
✤ Analysis within segments and between segments.
26
5.3 - Unidad de Análisis y Unidad de Investigación.

27. Future of Work 2050.
A matrix that concentrates the data of all the research and that
allows to understand the Work Transformation and its properties
Años
2018
2019*
2020
Category Work …
Accelerated
Development of
Technology
Sub
Category
Sustenta
tion
Identity Mobility Integration Symbiotic
Unniversities
Global
Regional
Local
Research
Centers
Global
Regional
Local
Multilateral
organizations
Global
Regional
Local
!27
5.4 - Instrumento o matriz de análisis

28. Future of Work 2050.
Work Plan.
!28

29. Future of Work 2050.
The project in an image
Pasado FuturoPresente
Institutions
Universities,
Research Centers
Multi-lateral
organizations
Globally, Regionally
and Locally.
Revoluciones Industriales.
Propiedades del Trabajo
Evolución del Trabajo y la
Ideología
Future Studies
Scenarios: -Abundance
(utopia) -Unemployment
(dystopia) -Singularity
(unexpected). Futures:
✤ Possible
✤ Preferable
✤ Desirable
Work Transformation
and its impact on
Properties
(Framework)
Future of
Work in MX in
2050.
Analysis of
Narratives at 3
Levels.
!29
6 - Work Plan.

30. Future of Work 2050.
Cronograma
Project Stage Timing
Improvement of the analytical framework and comprehensive review of
the state of the matter.
July-Oct, 2019.
Research Design: Universities, Research Centers and Multilateral
Organizations - Local, Regional and Global - 2018,2019,2020 * (focus
on this last year).
Nov.-March 2020.
Evaluación y significación de los reportes. March-Dec. 2020.
Conclusiones. Jan.-Jun. 2021.
Presentación de la investigación. Jul. 2021
!30
6 - Work Plan.

31. The Future of Work
Tecnológico de Monterrey - Escuela de Humanidades y Educación - Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad
Campus Ciudad de México. Mayo 14, 2019.
Doctorant Student: Néstor Márquez - Director: Dra. Natalia Vargas -
Lecturers: Dr. Javier Serrano - Dr. Jose Santillan - Dr. Federico Stezano.