1. VIJAYAM EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 NUCLEAR POWER POINTNUCLEAR POWER POINT
 NUCLEAR FUELNUCLEAR FUEL
 NUCLEAR FISSIONNUCLEAR FISSION
 NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONNUCLEAR CHAIN REACTION
 NUCLEAR REACTORNUCLEAR REACTOR
 CONTROL ROOMCONTROL ROOM
 CONDENSORCONDENSOR
 COOLING TOWERCOOLING TOWER
 BREADER REACTORSBREADER REACTORS

3. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

4. Nuclear fuel is any material that can beNuclear fuel is any material that can be
consumed to derive nuclear energy. The mostconsumed to derive nuclear energy. The most
common type of nuclear fuel is fissile elementscommon type of nuclear fuel is fissile elements
that can be made to undergo nuclear fissionthat can be made to undergo nuclear fission
chain reactions in a nuclear reactorchain reactions in a nuclear reactor
The most common nuclear fuels are 235U andThe most common nuclear fuels are 235U and
239Pu. Not all nuclear fuels are used in fission239Pu. Not all nuclear fuels are used in fission
chain reactionschain reactions
NUCLEAR FUEL

5. NUCLEAR FISSIONNUCLEAR FISSION
When a neutron strikes an atom of uranium, theWhen a neutron strikes an atom of uranium, the
uranium splits into two lighter atoms and releases heaturanium splits into two lighter atoms and releases heat
simultaneously.simultaneously.
Fission of heavy elements is an exothermic reactionFission of heavy elements is an exothermic reaction
which can release large amounts of energy both aswhich can release large amounts of energy both as
electromagnetic radiation and as kinetic energy of theelectromagnetic radiation and as kinetic energy of the
fragmentsfragments E = mc2
► The fission reactionThe fission reaction
produces more neutronsproduces more neutrons
which can then inducewhich can then induce
fission in other Uraniumfission in other Uranium
atoms.atoms.
► Mouse Trap Chain ReactionMouse Trap Chain Reaction

6. NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONS
A chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce an
additional fission in at least one further nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces
neutrons, and the process repeats. If the process is controlled it is used for nuclear
power or if uncontrolled it is used for nuclear weapons

7. U235 + n → fission + 2 or 3 n + 200 Mev
If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then the
number of fissions doubles each generation. In that
case, in 10 generations there are 1,024 fissions and in
80 generations about 6 x 10 23 (a mole) fissions.

8. NUCLEAR REACTOR
A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain
reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a
steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which
the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and
is uncontrolled causing an explotion.

9. • CONTROL RODS
 Control rods made of a
material that absorbs neutrons
are inserted into the bundle
using a mechanism that can
rise or lower the control rods.
 . The control rods essentially
contain neutron absorbers
like, boron, cadmium or
indium.

10. Control room

11. COOLANT PUMPCOOLANT PUMP
The coolant pump pressurizes the coolant toThe coolant pump pressurizes the coolant to
pressures of the order of 155bar.pressures of the order of 155bar.
The pressure of the coolant loop isThe pressure of the coolant loop is
maintained almost constant with the help ofmaintained almost constant with the help of
the pump and a pressurized unit.the pump and a pressurized unit.

12. CONDENSER
Condenser is a device or unit which is
used to condense vapor into liquid.
The objective of the condenser are to
reduce the turbine exhaust pressure to
increase the efficiency and to recover high
quality feed water in the form of condensate
& feed back it to the steam generator
without any further treatment.

13. COOLING TOWER
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to
transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere.
Water circulating through the codensor is taken to the
cooling tower for cooling and reuse

14. BREADER REACTORSBREADER REACTORS
 A big problem with nuclear power is the creationA big problem with nuclear power is the creation
of Plutonium in the reactor core.of Plutonium in the reactor core.
 This is a long lived radioactive element that isThis is a long lived radioactive element that is
difficult to store.difficult to store.
 Q: Why not use it as a fuel too?Q: Why not use it as a fuel too?

15. BASIC IDEA
• Process that creates
the Pu.
• During fission use
one of the extra
neutrons to create a
Pu atom
−
−
−
−
+ →
+→
→+
β
β
0
1
239
944.2
239
93
0
1
239
93min23
239
92
239
92
238
92
PuNp
NpU
UUn
days

16. Nuclear power generation does emit relatively lowNuclear power generation does emit relatively low
amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of greenamounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of green
house gases and therefore the contribution of nuclearhouse gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear
power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little.power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little.
This technology is readily available, it does not have toThis technology is readily available, it does not have to
be developed first.be developed first.
It is possible to generate a high amount of electricalIt is possible to generate a high amount of electrical
energy in one single plantenergy in one single plant
ADVANTAGES

17. Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste couldNuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could
be preferred targets for terrorist attacks..be preferred targets for terrorist attacks..
During the operation of nuclear power plants,During the operation of nuclear power plants,
radioactive waste is produced, which in turn can beradioactive waste is produced, which in turn can be
used for the production of nuclear weapons.used for the production of nuclear weapons.
DISADVANTAGES

18. THANKING YOU……..THANKING YOU……..