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“The
electric
two-
wheelers
market –By: Victoria Atherstone
- Will electric two-wheelers start to dominate our city
roads?
- Will they ever have market share?
- Identifying the “early adopters”
- What are the current barriers to entry
MARKET RESEARCH
Global warming and reducing our individual carbon footprint
is top of the social agenda and arguably the biggest
challenge for this and future generations. Balancing the
need to travel to work with the need to be socially aware is
a high priority. The need especially in dense urban areas to
reduce emissions and pollution while easing congestion is
also paramount.
Frost & Sullivan are a business
research & consulting firm, offering in-
depth market analysis, market
research, and reports.
MARKET RESEARCH
European E2W market is forecasted to reach 220k vehicles by 2016
-electric scooters are estimated to account for 75% of sales in the E2W
market
Flexibility in design and higher range are expected to drive application
of electric scooters in fleet businesses
Courier and retail networks to contribute approximately 60% of E2W
fleet business by 2016
While electric scooters are expected to find high application in rental
schemes & commercial entities, electric motorcycles are expected to
be niche segment aimed only at eco conscious two-wheeler customers
Sourced: Frost & Sullivan
MARKET RESEARCH
EUROPE
China - ETW are selling very fast -
they have become the 'must have'
purchase of the new middle class
•with already over 100 million ETW
•Producing around 20 million units
a year
New York unveiled city's first
public ChargePoint EV charging
station, in July the first of over
100 stations planned for the five
boroughs in the near future
In 2008, Berlin announced plans to
install 500 charging points
MARKET RESEARCH
WORLDWIDE
Sourced: Professor Julia King, Vice Chancellor Aston University
France is some way ahead of the competition, having
installed hundreds of charge points nationwide in the
1990s
In July, Paris began a city-wide electric car sharing
scheme – based on the Velib Bikeshare
France - La Poste have enthusiastically taken on
electric scooters
•resulting in reduced sickness absence amongst
postmen and women
MARKET RESEARCH
WORLDWIDE
Sourced: Professor Julia King, Vice Chancellor Aston University
LA POSTE RESEARCH
Sourced: Professor Julia King, Vice Chancellor Aston University
To reduce
accidents &
reach zero CO2
emissions
MARKET RESEARCH
WORLDWIDE
Sourced: Professor Julia King, Vice Chancellor Aston University
Carried
weight
per day (kg)
0 – 40 0 – 40 0 - 60 0 - 620
Distance per
day (km)
1 – 5 5 - 15 10 – 25
(6 – 15
Miles)
20 - 100
2007
2010 - 2015
Rising cost of petrol
Depleting resources of traditional fossil fuels
Global concern on climate change and noxious gases
Higher tax brackets for polluting vehicles
 
Pressure on commercial entities to green up fleets
 
Corporate pressures to improve social responsibilities
WHY GO ELECTRIC?
MARKET RESEARCH
UK
Electric
scooters
compete with
their 125cc
petrol
counterparts
Registered: Number of electric
mopeds, scooters and
motorcycles in the UK over past 2
years:
2009 = circa 400
2010 = circa 500
Five motorcycles can park in a
space occupied by one car
SMART’ guide, MCIA 2002
MARKET RESEARCH
UK
Sourced: MCIA
By converting all 75,000
(circa) petrol scooter owners
in London alone to electric,
would see a reduction of
7,275,000 CO2 emissions
g/km for every kilometre
travelled!
MAYOR’S ELECTRIC
VEHICLE DELIVERY PLAN
25,000 charging points across
London by 2015
22,500 charging points in
workplace car parks
Network of 2,500 publicly
accessible charging points
2,000 in public car parks
500 on-street
All Londoners within one mile
of a charging point by 2015
Electric Vehicle Roadmap
Public familiarity and acceptance: Formula
3
2010 2012 2016 2020
100s of EVs 100,000+ vehicle fleets
??? 10 — 15%
new vehicle sales
1st
models
available
2nd
Gen EVs
‘Real’ electric innovation
Mass market EVs
Maintain current
momentum
Real ‘electric innovation’
● Early adopters
● Government
procurement
‘● Clean Cities’
Current industry
focus
Current
government
focus
● Fleet experience
reliability
driver response
● Infrastructure stdn
● Cost reduction
● Acceleration of
consumer interest
and uptake
Phase 1
Recession, EU and US regulations… CO2, energy security……
Phase 2
EDUCATION &
AWARENESS
LEADING BY EXAMPLE
Kingston University Team Agni Imperial TTXGP
MRB Racing TORK INDIA Electric Hussar
Morris Motorcycles Racing Team 2010
Team ManTTx Racing
Muench Racing Team Team Z
Campus Francorchamps SMP Racing
CRP RACING LiFeBATT/LiFeTech Racing
Team Hikari
TTXGP 2010
WORLD ELECTRIC RACE SERIES - eGrandPrix
www.egrandprix.com
EXHIBITIONS &
RALLYS
Eco-Rally (Ace Café to Hyde Park)
Intermot – Koln
Start Eco Cars – Prince of Wales
initiative
Motorcycle Trade Expo – NEC Jan 2011
LowCVP – Millbrook Proving Ground
Eco2 Transport & Travel
35% Discount for ETW:
Code: L2SEXPO2K11
EDUCATION &
COMMUNICATION
Communication is critical to kick start the electric vehicle market
education programme to create behaviour change
Workplace travel planning
Business Fund to assist with the provision of charging infrastructure
1,000 electric vehicles in the London government fleet by 2015
Support adoption by councils, businesses, car clubs and Londoners
20% of car parking spaces in new developments must be equipped with
charging facilities
Commitment to maintain Congestion Charge exemption
Harmonise parking and other incentives across London
EARLY ADOPTERS
Electric scooters are suitable for a wide variety of cliental;
Commercial fleets
Corporate fleets
Local authorities
Leisure and entertainment sectors
Urban dwellers / city commuters
EARLY ADOPTERS
MARKET SEGMENTS
21 % of London drivers
would consider an EV
in the next 2 years
EARLY ADOPTERS
Identified as “urbanites”
-The X Y generation
-Urban Professionals
-Like distinctive styling 
-Setting trends
-Living & working in UK’s top city centres
URBAN DWELLERS / CITY COMMUTERS
MAYOR’S ELECTRIC
VEHICLE DELIVERY PLAN
Estimating Early Adopters in
2015...
1,000 EVs or more
600-1000 EVs
400-600 EVs
Fewer than 400 EVs
RANGE ANXIETY & RECHARGING NETWORK
Electric Vehicles particularly well suited to urban trips
90% of return trips in London are less than 10 miles
99% are less than 100 miles
*Average range for current ETW circa 25-35 miles
Charged when parked - vehicles parked 92% time
Superior BMS*
Accurately display current state of charge
Location of nearest charging station ** - showing availability
Analyse driving behaviour for optimal performance
RANGE ANXIETY
Buy:
Motorbike
Parking in
London
App for
your
iPhone
£1.19
Download from
iTunes
"Through the
development of
Source London,
we are seeking to
create the fertile
conditions for
electric vehicles
to flourish to
make our city the
electric driving
capital of
Europe.”
The Mayor of
London, Boris
Johnson 
ON-STREET RECHARGING
LOCATIONS
EXISTING NETWORK
PARKING BAYS IN WESTMINSTER
MOTORCYCLE PARKING
“SOURCE LONDON” - ONE-STOP NETWORK FOR
RECHARGING EV’S
• ONE Pan London brand
• ONE card to access any charge point on the scheme
• ONE recognisable logo to help you spot the points – “Source London”
• ONE dedicated call centre
• ONE registration process
• annual fee of £100 per vehicle
• no extra cost for electricity 
• ONE website to locate charging points www.SourceLondon.net
NOTE - no Congestion Charge for EVs or two-wheelers register:
cclondon.com 
FREE parking for electric two-wheelers in Westminster
RECHARGING NETWORK
LONDON
LONDON LOCAL AUTHORITIES
“SOURCE LONDON”
Barking & Dagenham - Brent
Camden - City of Westminster
Croydon - Ealing - Greenwich
Hackney - Haringey - Harrow
Havering - Hounslow - Islington
Kingston upon Thames - Lambeth
Lewisham - Redbridge - Southwark
Richmond upon Thames
Tower Hamlets - Wandsworth
London’s
Plugged-In
Places bid - 21
Boroughs have
signed a
statement of
intent that they
will install
retrofit existing
or new charge
points as part of
the Source
London network
PiP provides
match funding
from the
Department
for Transport
(up to 50%) for
the
installation of
publicly-
accessible
electric
vehicle charge
points for
partners in the
consortium
TfL’S CURRENT LONDON CONSORTIUM
PLUGGED-IN PLACES (PiP)
The West Midlands
Greater Manchester
South Yorkshire
Cumbria
Cornwall
Belfast
Working with the
DfT to develop
plans for the second
round of bids.
WINNING GRANT BIDS
PiP NATIONWIDE
North East, Milton Keynes & London
Their plans will result in over 2,500
charge points in the first year
11,000 in the next three years
At publicly accessible car parks,
transport hubs and workplaces
BARRIERS TO ENTRY
Some boroughs / councils may be slow to adopt recharge points
across the capital and regionally
-May take few years fully establish Infrastructure plans
Government must introduce a purchase subsidy for Electric Two-
Wheelers
In some cases quality management needs to be defined
Easily accessible regional R&D Grants
Outstanding reliability
THREATS & WEAKNESSES
BARRIERS TO ENTRY
Better value for money
Fashionable / desirability may allow higher price tag
Younger trained engineers – job growth area
Nationwide servicing
Electric vehicle charger standardisation
Improved safety for two-wheels
THREATS & WEAKNESSES
BARRIERS TO ENTRY
“…still at the pioneering stage, with none of the major players
even participating, leaving the field open for a motley
collection of strange brands, rebadging, a very wide mix of
quality and no clear leader or single growing force…”
Quote: Kevin Ash, The Telegraph
MEDIA QUOTE
Thoughts from Telegraph Journalist, Kevin
Ash
ELECTRIC SCOOTERS & STREET MOTORCYCLES
MARKET PLAYERS
Cheap to run: Electricity £320 Vs Petrol £3700
 
Minimal maintenance - no spark plugs, oil changes & filters
Superior battery technologies
 
High performance specifications – 55 mph / Ave range 30 miles
 
Tax exempt
  
Zero tailpipe emissions and noxious gases
 
Long battery life – circa 60,000 miles
Desirable social image
TECHNOLOGY & PERKS
ELECTRIC SCOOTERS
MARKET PLAYERS
ELECTRIC SCOOTERS & STREET
MOTORCYCLES
www.egrandprix.com
www.love2scoot.com
QUESTIONS
Follow on
Twitter:
@Love2sc00t
Facebook Page:
love2scoot
LinkedIn:
VictoriaAthersto
ne

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Electric Two-Wheelers Market Research Report

  • 2. - Will electric two-wheelers start to dominate our city roads? - Will they ever have market share? - Identifying the “early adopters” - What are the current barriers to entry
  • 4. Global warming and reducing our individual carbon footprint is top of the social agenda and arguably the biggest challenge for this and future generations. Balancing the need to travel to work with the need to be socially aware is a high priority. The need especially in dense urban areas to reduce emissions and pollution while easing congestion is also paramount.
  • 5. Frost & Sullivan are a business research & consulting firm, offering in- depth market analysis, market research, and reports. MARKET RESEARCH
  • 6. European E2W market is forecasted to reach 220k vehicles by 2016 -electric scooters are estimated to account for 75% of sales in the E2W market Flexibility in design and higher range are expected to drive application of electric scooters in fleet businesses Courier and retail networks to contribute approximately 60% of E2W fleet business by 2016 While electric scooters are expected to find high application in rental schemes & commercial entities, electric motorcycles are expected to be niche segment aimed only at eco conscious two-wheeler customers Sourced: Frost & Sullivan MARKET RESEARCH EUROPE
  • 7. China - ETW are selling very fast - they have become the 'must have' purchase of the new middle class •with already over 100 million ETW •Producing around 20 million units a year New York unveiled city's first public ChargePoint EV charging station, in July the first of over 100 stations planned for the five boroughs in the near future In 2008, Berlin announced plans to install 500 charging points MARKET RESEARCH WORLDWIDE Sourced: Professor Julia King, Vice Chancellor Aston University
  • 8. France is some way ahead of the competition, having installed hundreds of charge points nationwide in the 1990s In July, Paris began a city-wide electric car sharing scheme – based on the Velib Bikeshare France - La Poste have enthusiastically taken on electric scooters •resulting in reduced sickness absence amongst postmen and women MARKET RESEARCH WORLDWIDE Sourced: Professor Julia King, Vice Chancellor Aston University
  • 9. LA POSTE RESEARCH Sourced: Professor Julia King, Vice Chancellor Aston University
  • 10. To reduce accidents & reach zero CO2 emissions MARKET RESEARCH WORLDWIDE Sourced: Professor Julia King, Vice Chancellor Aston University Carried weight per day (kg) 0 – 40 0 – 40 0 - 60 0 - 620 Distance per day (km) 1 – 5 5 - 15 10 – 25 (6 – 15 Miles) 20 - 100 2007 2010 - 2015
  • 11. Rising cost of petrol Depleting resources of traditional fossil fuels Global concern on climate change and noxious gases Higher tax brackets for polluting vehicles   Pressure on commercial entities to green up fleets   Corporate pressures to improve social responsibilities WHY GO ELECTRIC? MARKET RESEARCH UK Electric scooters compete with their 125cc petrol counterparts
  • 12. Registered: Number of electric mopeds, scooters and motorcycles in the UK over past 2 years: 2009 = circa 400 2010 = circa 500 Five motorcycles can park in a space occupied by one car SMART’ guide, MCIA 2002 MARKET RESEARCH UK Sourced: MCIA By converting all 75,000 (circa) petrol scooter owners in London alone to electric, would see a reduction of 7,275,000 CO2 emissions g/km for every kilometre travelled!
  • 13. MAYOR’S ELECTRIC VEHICLE DELIVERY PLAN 25,000 charging points across London by 2015 22,500 charging points in workplace car parks Network of 2,500 publicly accessible charging points 2,000 in public car parks 500 on-street All Londoners within one mile of a charging point by 2015
  • 14. Electric Vehicle Roadmap Public familiarity and acceptance: Formula 3 2010 2012 2016 2020 100s of EVs 100,000+ vehicle fleets ??? 10 — 15% new vehicle sales 1st models available 2nd Gen EVs ‘Real’ electric innovation Mass market EVs Maintain current momentum Real ‘electric innovation’ ● Early adopters ● Government procurement ‘● Clean Cities’ Current industry focus Current government focus ● Fleet experience reliability driver response ● Infrastructure stdn ● Cost reduction ● Acceleration of consumer interest and uptake Phase 1 Recession, EU and US regulations… CO2, energy security…… Phase 2
  • 16. Kingston University Team Agni Imperial TTXGP MRB Racing TORK INDIA Electric Hussar Morris Motorcycles Racing Team 2010 Team ManTTx Racing Muench Racing Team Team Z Campus Francorchamps SMP Racing CRP RACING LiFeBATT/LiFeTech Racing Team Hikari TTXGP 2010 WORLD ELECTRIC RACE SERIES - eGrandPrix www.egrandprix.com
  • 17. EXHIBITIONS & RALLYS Eco-Rally (Ace Café to Hyde Park) Intermot – Koln Start Eco Cars – Prince of Wales initiative Motorcycle Trade Expo – NEC Jan 2011 LowCVP – Millbrook Proving Ground Eco2 Transport & Travel 35% Discount for ETW: Code: L2SEXPO2K11
  • 18. EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION Communication is critical to kick start the electric vehicle market education programme to create behaviour change Workplace travel planning Business Fund to assist with the provision of charging infrastructure 1,000 electric vehicles in the London government fleet by 2015 Support adoption by councils, businesses, car clubs and Londoners 20% of car parking spaces in new developments must be equipped with charging facilities Commitment to maintain Congestion Charge exemption Harmonise parking and other incentives across London
  • 20. Electric scooters are suitable for a wide variety of cliental; Commercial fleets Corporate fleets Local authorities Leisure and entertainment sectors Urban dwellers / city commuters EARLY ADOPTERS MARKET SEGMENTS 21 % of London drivers would consider an EV in the next 2 years
  • 21. EARLY ADOPTERS Identified as “urbanites” -The X Y generation -Urban Professionals -Like distinctive styling  -Setting trends -Living & working in UK’s top city centres URBAN DWELLERS / CITY COMMUTERS
  • 22. MAYOR’S ELECTRIC VEHICLE DELIVERY PLAN Estimating Early Adopters in 2015... 1,000 EVs or more 600-1000 EVs 400-600 EVs Fewer than 400 EVs
  • 23. RANGE ANXIETY & RECHARGING NETWORK
  • 24. Electric Vehicles particularly well suited to urban trips 90% of return trips in London are less than 10 miles 99% are less than 100 miles *Average range for current ETW circa 25-35 miles Charged when parked - vehicles parked 92% time Superior BMS* Accurately display current state of charge Location of nearest charging station ** - showing availability Analyse driving behaviour for optimal performance RANGE ANXIETY Buy: Motorbike Parking in London App for your iPhone £1.19 Download from iTunes
  • 25. "Through the development of Source London, we are seeking to create the fertile conditions for electric vehicles to flourish to make our city the electric driving capital of Europe.” The Mayor of London, Boris Johnson  ON-STREET RECHARGING LOCATIONS EXISTING NETWORK
  • 26. PARKING BAYS IN WESTMINSTER MOTORCYCLE PARKING
  • 27. “SOURCE LONDON” - ONE-STOP NETWORK FOR RECHARGING EV’S • ONE Pan London brand • ONE card to access any charge point on the scheme • ONE recognisable logo to help you spot the points – “Source London” • ONE dedicated call centre • ONE registration process • annual fee of £100 per vehicle • no extra cost for electricity  • ONE website to locate charging points www.SourceLondon.net NOTE - no Congestion Charge for EVs or two-wheelers register: cclondon.com  FREE parking for electric two-wheelers in Westminster RECHARGING NETWORK LONDON
  • 28. LONDON LOCAL AUTHORITIES “SOURCE LONDON” Barking & Dagenham - Brent Camden - City of Westminster Croydon - Ealing - Greenwich Hackney - Haringey - Harrow Havering - Hounslow - Islington Kingston upon Thames - Lambeth Lewisham - Redbridge - Southwark Richmond upon Thames Tower Hamlets - Wandsworth London’s Plugged-In Places bid - 21 Boroughs have signed a statement of intent that they will install retrofit existing or new charge points as part of the Source London network
  • 29. PiP provides match funding from the Department for Transport (up to 50%) for the installation of publicly- accessible electric vehicle charge points for partners in the consortium TfL’S CURRENT LONDON CONSORTIUM PLUGGED-IN PLACES (PiP)
  • 30. The West Midlands Greater Manchester South Yorkshire Cumbria Cornwall Belfast Working with the DfT to develop plans for the second round of bids. WINNING GRANT BIDS PiP NATIONWIDE North East, Milton Keynes & London Their plans will result in over 2,500 charge points in the first year 11,000 in the next three years At publicly accessible car parks, transport hubs and workplaces
  • 32. Some boroughs / councils may be slow to adopt recharge points across the capital and regionally -May take few years fully establish Infrastructure plans Government must introduce a purchase subsidy for Electric Two- Wheelers In some cases quality management needs to be defined Easily accessible regional R&D Grants Outstanding reliability THREATS & WEAKNESSES BARRIERS TO ENTRY
  • 33. Better value for money Fashionable / desirability may allow higher price tag Younger trained engineers – job growth area Nationwide servicing Electric vehicle charger standardisation Improved safety for two-wheels THREATS & WEAKNESSES BARRIERS TO ENTRY
  • 34. “…still at the pioneering stage, with none of the major players even participating, leaving the field open for a motley collection of strange brands, rebadging, a very wide mix of quality and no clear leader or single growing force…” Quote: Kevin Ash, The Telegraph MEDIA QUOTE Thoughts from Telegraph Journalist, Kevin Ash
  • 35. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS & STREET MOTORCYCLES MARKET PLAYERS
  • 36. Cheap to run: Electricity £320 Vs Petrol £3700   Minimal maintenance - no spark plugs, oil changes & filters Superior battery technologies   High performance specifications – 55 mph / Ave range 30 miles   Tax exempt    Zero tailpipe emissions and noxious gases   Long battery life – circa 60,000 miles Desirable social image TECHNOLOGY & PERKS ELECTRIC SCOOTERS
  • 37. MARKET PLAYERS ELECTRIC SCOOTERS & STREET MOTORCYCLES www.egrandprix.com
  • 38.
  • 39.

Notas del editor

  1. Victoria Atherstone - Founder & CEO of start-up electric scooter company love2scoot – team set to manufacture high performance, low cost, versatile in design electric scooters here in the UK. Founder first introduced to this industry back in Sept 2006 when on vacation in China - amazed to see so many electric scooters zipping around the streets when we hadnt even heard of them back here in UK. Al Gore just released his documentary “An Inconvenient Truth” - which fuelled interest even further.  Has since been fully immersed in the eco transport sector, chose the Eco2 Transport show as platform to share industry insights re the electric two wheeler market.
  2. Worked very closely with F&S over past two years
  3. French geography is very heterogeneous Population density : 15 to 20 000 persons/sq.m Letters per household : 35 to 50 letters/month Distance between household : 10 to 400 m
  4. « electric 3 wheels & quadricycle The Electric THREE WHEEL MOPED 100 kg weight in mail
  5. Kevin Ash, motorcycle journalist at The Telegraph - “Zero-emissions two-wheelers are very much in their infancy but the choice is growing all the time”.
  6. Research carried out by Professor Julia King, Vice Chancellor, Aston University
  7. TTXGP UK – 2010 (Euro / UK / North America) - Fantastic platform which has show-cased the worlds most advanced engineering capabilities for battery powered machines. 27 teams competing in World Series – with representation from USA, Italy, UK, China, India, Sweden, Germany, Belgium and Austria. Azhar Hussain, Director TTxGP Ltd - a@mavizen.com Kingston University – Firstest Team Agni - AGNI X01 Imperial TTXGP MRB Racing - RGV-E Morris Motorcycles Racing Team 2010 - Mavizen TTX02 Team ManTTx Racing - ManTTX – MKII TORK INDIA - T002X LiFeBATT/LiFeTech Racing Electric Hussar - TTX02 CRP RACING – eCRP Muench Racing Team - MÜNCH TTE-1 Campus Francorchamps SMP Racing - Mavizen TTX02 Team Z Team Hikari Zero Agni Lightning Motorcycles/A&A Racing Electra Racing Team Electric Race Bikes Empirical Electric K Squared Racing ElectricMotorsport.com Square Wave Racing SWIGZ.Com Pro Racing Pril Motors Volt motors Werkstatt Racing
  8. In the past year electric scooters have been showcased at Motorcycle Trade Expo: http://www.motorcycle-expo.co.uk LowCVP: http://www.lowcvp.org.uk/ Intermot: http://www.intermot-koeln.com/ Start Eco Cars: http://www.startecocars.com/ Eco-Rally: http://www.eco-rally.org/
  9. The Mayor states in his Electric Vehicle Delivery Plan
  10. Identifying early adopters is key to fast market uptake NB. These groups also have the power to encourage change on a national scale
  11. Urbanites - The demographic for this group shows that they are young, socially conscious (The X Y Generations) and work as urban professionals. They are educated, highly aspirational - like distinctive styling & setting trends - and are living or working in one of the UK’s top urban areas.
  12. The Mayor has estimated density of early adopters in 2015 across London - showing faster uptake in the South West, North and also the Olympic park area
  13. * Battery Management System ** Zipcar introduced a free car sharing iPhone app in late 2009 which was a huge success witnessing 100,000 downloads within first few days of launch
  14. There are already 250 charging points in London – mostly in public car parks. - check SourceLondon website exact locations Camden City of London Enfield Hammersmith and Fulham Haringey Hounslow Islington Kensington and Chelsea Kingston Lambeth Richmond Sutton Wandsworth Westminster
  15. Westminster has the largest on-street recharging service for electric vehicles in the UK with 56 on / off-street sites However currently none in motorcycle parking bays – ETW however are exempt from their newly introduced £1 per day parking fee for motorcycles Point to note – if you’d like to charge at home or work - A local electrician can install your own IP rated sockets for around £160 - £250 subject to a site inspection
  16. Mayor launces “Source London” From 2011, there will be a phased installation of 1,300 public charge points on residential streets and off-street locations, such as supermarkets, public car parks, shopping and leisure centres. Any vehicle that is licensed with the DVLA as a pure electric or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle will be able to join the scheme. This includes motorbikes, cars, vans, trucks and scooters.
  17. In order to implement the 22,500 work place charging points the Mayor needs to work with corporate organisations
  18. The West Midlands, Greater Manchester, South Yorkshire, Cumbria, Cornwall and Belfast also submitted strong bids in the first round and the DfT are working with them to develop their plans for the second round funding. Other major cities such as Glasgow, Edinburgh, Bristol and Brighton have also publicly expressed interest towards green transport solutions:
  19. Battery Types: ranging from older technologies such as; Lead Acid, Silicone Gel, Nickel Metal Hydride to much more advanced technologies such as Li-ion compounds – there are various types of Li-ion such as: Li-ion Phosphate (LiFePO4) & Polymer (LiPo), Lithium-iron-sulfide
  20. Here are some of the brands already operating in this field Quantya: http://www.quantya.com/ Mavizen: http://www.mavizen.com/ Brammo: http://www.brammo.com/ Zero: http://www.zeromotorcycles.com Econogo: http://www.econogoelectricscooters.co.uk/ Epeds: http://www.epeds.co.uk/ Vectrix: http://www.vectrix.com/ Govecs: http://www.govecs.com/products/ Plug-in Drive Tech: http://www.plugindrivetech.com/index2.html E-City Wheels: http://www.ecitywheels.com Zero: http://www.xeroelectricvehicles.com/products E-max: http://www.e-transportgroup.com/ Zepii: http://zepii.com