The document discusses creating a dedicated XML syntax for diatonic harmonica tablature to standardize tablature formatting and allow for interoperability. It proposes creating XML schemes to standardize the format and allow tablatures to be easily extended, indexed, searched, visualized on different devices, and played back with sound. The first version of a HarpTab XML schema for harmonica tablatures has been created and can be downloaded from the HarpXML project wiki page.

1. EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF THE DEDICATED XML
SYNTAX FOR DIATONIC HARMONICA TABLATURE
The harmonica (also called mouth Diatonic harmonicas are made in
organ or harp) is a unique musical different keys. The key of the instru-
instrument in many aspects. In the 20th ment comprises two terms: the pitch of
century, the instrument has undergone the root note in the tonic chord (i.e. C,
significant improvements, and new D, E), and the tuning (i.e. major, minor).
playing techniques have extended its There are 220 alternative tunings for
musical potential. Those new tech- diatonic harmonicas, classified into
niques require a special form of visuali- major, minor, antipodean, 12/14-hole,
sation. And tablature serves this pur- spiral, Spanish, magic dick, Joe Filisko,
pose, because it was designed specifi- Kraus tuning, modal rearrangements,
cally for the harmonica. and 54 oddities.
The main peculiarity of tablatures — they don't reflect musical notes and are not tied to any specific sound pitch. Instead,
they describe hole numbers, direction of airflow (blow or draw), and special techniques (bends, overbends, etc.).
B stands for “blow”, D for “draw”, and Db marks a Numbers denote holes, straight arrows show The same left approach with difference in visualiza- Notes doubled with peculiar geometric shapes to
draw bend. direction of airflow, curved arrows show bends. tion. The length of arrows indicates duration of distinguish bends, and V marks direction of airflow.
Beginner Blues Harmonica, 2006 Sourcebook of Little Walter/Big Walter Licks for sound. All-American Harp, 1998
Blues Harmonica, 2000 The Sourcebook of Sonny Terry Licks for Harmonica,
1995
Different numbers denote holes and rhythm count, Geometric shapes distinguish bends; arrows show Numbers indicate holes, and plus and minus signs Colored circles indicate air direction. Black circles
notes show duration of sound, and B indicates duration and effects, such as vibrato and glissando. distinguish direction of airflow. Regular notes used show draw notes, white – blow. Arrows show bends.
bends. Blues Harp for Diatonic and Chromatic Harmonicas, in parallel also. Rock Blues Country Harp, 1993
Teach Yourself Blues Harmonica - 10 Easy Lessons, 1996 Play Irish Music on the Blues Harp, 2000
2000
Examples above demonstrate lack of a universal standard both in data structure, and visualization methods.
It is evident that such variety does not improve interoperability.
REQUIREMENTS FOR CREATING A SYNTAX FOR TABLATURES POSSIBLE USE CASES
Creating XML schemes would allow standardizing the tablature format, and easily We propose various basic examples of using harmonica tablatures syntax, such as:
extending it on demand in the future. One of the advantages of using XML is the ability to
use XSLT to interpret and visualize tablatures at any difficulty level. It means that same
tablatures can be visualized as plain HTML or as rich SVG graphics.
џ Storing, indexing, and search tablatures. Special repositories with metadata indexing
can be developed;
џ Visualization of tablatures. Reading tabs on screen of different devices (computer, e-
book, mobile devices etc.), printing tabs as music scores;
Our main goal is to create a simple interoperable language to write tablatures, designed џ Playing tabs with a special player. There are various possibilities for rendering of
specifically for diatonic harmonicas, and not burdened with excessive functions like uni- sound available. Learners can play tabs by parts, with metronome, with and without
versal notation languages. Unlike MusicXML, our format does not imply any specific visualization of harmonica etc.;
visualization method, and interpreting is delegated to software that uses the tablature џ Export and import from and to other formats, e.g. MIDI, MusicXML. Tools for such
data. task can be useful for teachers who create harmonica tablatures.
First version of the HarpTab schema is currently ready. It can be downloaded at the HarpXML project wiki page http://trac.htk.tlu.ee/harpxml/