1. The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is used to develop new information systems and includes stages from initial planning through implementation and maintenance. 2. Nurses should be involved throughout the SDLC process, especially in the planning, design, implementation, and evaluation stages. Their expertise in patient care can help ensure systems meet organizational needs and workflow. 3. Without nurse input, developed systems may not address key issues, be designed efficiently for nursing workflow, or receive proper training and support for smooth implementation.

1. Software Development Life Cycle-related issues HW
Software Development Life Cycle-related issues HWSoftware Development Life Cycle-
related issues HWTop of FormThe Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a set of stages
used when developing a new information system (Ungvarsky, 2019). The SDLC is a specific
plan that helps the team throughout the entire process, from the idea of the system to the
implementation (Ungvarsky, 2019). The development of SDLC for a healthcare organization
should include a needs assessment that encompasses the needs of the organization’s
healthcare workers, including physicians and nurses (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). The
organization’s needs as a whole need to be represented, so solutions get proposed to meet
the needs or address issues (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017).The waterfall model is one of the
oldest methods used in SDLC and is linear; therefore, the model is sequential, and each stage
provides information for the following stage (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). The waterfall
model has six phases: feasibility, analysis, design, implementation, test, and maintain
(McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Feasibility helps decide if the project could be initiated and
typically addresses the following: technological, economics, legal, operational, and
scheduling feasibility (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Operational feasibility specifically
helps determine if the project will be effective, meet the set expectations to achieve the
goals of the project, or addressing the problem at hand (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). The
analysis phase helps examine the requirements for the system and business needs
(McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Analysis is an important step to assess the workflow
(McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Excluding nurses from these crucial beginning phases could
be detrimental to implementing a new health information technology system. Nurses work
on the frontlines of healthcare and would be essential to decide if the system is feasible to
the operations and workflow. For example, implementing a new EHR could be more cost-
conscious; however, the documentation could cause inefficiency in the workflow. The
design phase helps the team decide what programs are necessary and discusses how they
will interact, how the individual programs work, and what the look or feel will be
(McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). For example, nurses would be great resources to help design
and decide specifics to be included in an EHR, as nurses are often documenting several
times a shift and on multiple patients. The implementation phase occurs when the designed
system is ready to use (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). The test phase evaluates the system to
ensure the program works as it was designed (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Nurses would
be great resources to perform beta testing to ensure the system is adequate and performs
as it should. The system must be maintained after the testing phase (McGonigle & Mastrian,

2. 2017).ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERSI have not been included
in the selection and planning of a new health information technology system in my nursing
practice. Being included in a decision-making process can result in increased satisfaction for
workers and improve the overall morale of the organization. A study by Graham-Dickerson
et al. (2013) concluded that involving staff nurses in decision-making had a positive impact
on the work environment, and nurses reported feeling like part of a team when they were
included. Software Development Life Cycle-related issues HWReferencesGraham-Dickerson,
P., Houser, J., Thomas, E., Casper, C., ErkenBrack, L., Wenzel, M., & Siegrist, M. (2013). The
value of staff nurse involvement in decision making. Journal of Nursing Administration,
43(5), 286–292. https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1097/NNA.0b013e31828eec15McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K.
G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA:
Jones & Bartlett Learning.Ungvarsky, J. (2019). Systems development life cycle (SDLC).
Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-
com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=119214383&site=eds-
live&scope=siteBottom of FormHeidiTop of FormNurses should be a part of the system
development life cycle for many reasons. Nurses can bring a variety of different references
to the team. They can provide their expertise in patient care to develop a successful
program.1. Planning-Software innovation requires collaboration with a team of people to
understand what needs are to be met and how to best accomplish this (McLean, Frisch, &
Roudsari, 2015). Without involving nurses in this process, you would not know what issues
need resolved and what the perceived problem is. Nurses can easily identify what needs
improved. Involving nurses at this stage can help address problems that are not well known
to everyone. Nurses from different specialties should be involved.2. Design- Nurses typically
make up a large portion of the people who will be implementing or carrying out the
program and using it on a daily basis. Nurses who do not have input into design will
sometimes find a system redundant or non- user friendly. This can lead to frustration and
sometimes a delay in care if the system is hard to navigate for the nurse. Most of this phase
is done by the IT team (Singletary & Baker, 2019). This would be a great stage to involve the
nurse informaticist to bridge the gap between technology and nursing. The easier it is to
navigate the system the better the outcomes for the nurses. Some programs are not well -
designed leading to undue stress on the staff3. Implementation-If nurses are not properly
trained for implementation, they may be discouraged from using the program. If there are
no resources for this stage the staff will fail to comply with the program. Nurses could
potentially train as super-users for program implementation (Tyler, 2019). Nurses need to
have a go to person for any questions about the program and how to overcome them.4.
Maintenance/Evaluation- If program developers and participants do not get the input from
nurses about the pros and cons of the system, they may never truly make it a great program.
Policies and procedures are always changing and there is a need to constantly evaluate the
effectiveness of the system. Nurses should be allowed to be part of this process so that the
program can be edited based on the needs of the nurses and the patients. Software
Development Life Cycle-related issues HWI have been involved in the implementation of the
Cerner program at the hospital I formerly worked at. We switched to Cerner from a paper

3. system, so it was quite the change and came with a lot of challenges. All staff were trained
on the system and a select few had additional training to be super users. Those who did not
receive additional training were not as well prepared and, in my opinion, all staff should
have had the additional education. We also had cheat sheets made out for us with the most
frequently asked questions/problems that we used for resources. It was a challenge to get
everyone motivated to switch to an electronic health record from paper, but eventually we
made the switch. We also had a nurse informaticist who was available for questions or
when problems came up with the system. There were numerous times that the nursing staff
voiced concern over an issue with the system being redundant or cumbersome, but the
complaints never made a difference in editing the program. Our complaints were never
taken any further up the chain.ReferencesMcLean, A., Frisch, N., & Roudsari, A. (2015,
December 19). Nursing’s voice in healthcare IT acquisition decisions. Retrieved from
http://cjni.net/journal/?p=4248Singletary, V., & Baker, E. L. (2019). Building informatics-
savvy health departments. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 25(6), 610-
611. doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000001086Tyler, D. (2019). A day in the life of a nurse
informaticist. Journal of Informatics Nursing, 4(1), 18-20. Retrieved from
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