Structure and function of Chordates; Vertebrates, Jawless fishes, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, & Mammals

1. Life Science Notes: Ch. 12; Vertebrates

2. Life Science Notes: Ch. 12; Vertebrates

3. Chordate Characteristics...
Notochord at some stage of life cycle...
Nerve chord running down the back...
Gill slits at some stage.

4. Vertebrate Characteristics
All vertebrates are also chordates...
All have backbone and
An internal skeleton.
Jawless fish
Sharks
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

5. Temperature Regulation
Ectotherms--body
temperature
determined by
environment; Fish,
Amphibians, Reptiles.

6. Temperature Regulation, cont.
Endotherms--body
temperature controlled
by heat waste from
metabolism in body,
regardless of
environment temp;
Sweat glands, Feathers
& Fur; Birds & Mammals

7. " Fish
Ectothermic.
2-chambered heart.
Gills, scales, & fins.
- Reproduce sexually.
External fertilization.

8. Amphibians
Slimy skin, must have water & land.
Breath through gills, skin, lungs.
Adult with 3-chambered heart &
Two loops.
Complex life cycle with larva/tadpole
Sexual reproduction
External fertilization in water
Ectothermic

9. Reptiles
Skin, kidney, and egg adapted to life on land.
Thick scaly skin to conserve water.
Amniotic egg with
Internal membranes to conserve water.
Lizards, snakes, crocs & gators, turtles.

10. Amniotic egg

11. Birds
Skin with feathers & true flight.
No teeth.
Hollow bones.
Four-chambered heart &
two loops.
Oxygen-rich & oxygen-poor
Blood do not mix.
Great need of oxygen for flight.

12. Birds, cont.
Endothermic homeotherms with parental care.

13. Mammals
4-chambered,
2-looped heart.
Skin with hair
Mammary glands & milk.
Most have live young, no egg.
Teeth reflect diet.
Diaphragm muscle to aid breathing.
Walk, swim, glide, & burrow.

14. 3-groups of Mammals
Monotremes--egg layers
Marsupials--baby brooders
Placentals--live young

15. Mammal Diversity