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Photography Terminology

Technology and Media Productions
Pixel
• A picture element
• (pix=picture and el-element)
• In color image systems, a color is typically
  represented by three or four component
  intensities such as red, green, and blue, or
  cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
File size
• Image file size is
  positively
  correlated to the
  number of pixels
  in an image and
  the color depth,
  or bits per pixel
Types of Files
• JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a compression method. Nearly
  every digital camera can save images in the JPEG/JFIF format, which
  supports 8-bit grayscale images and 24-bit color images (8 bits each for red,
  green, and blue).
• The TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) format is a flexible format that
  normally saves 8 bits or 16 bits per color (red, green, blue) for 24-bit and
  48-bit totals, respectively, usually using either the TIFF or TIF filename
  extension.
• GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is limited to an 8-bit palette, or 256
  colors.
• The BMP file format (Windows bitmap) handles graphics files within the
  Microsoft Windows OS. Typically, BMP files are uncompressed, hence they
  are large; the advantage is their simplicity and wide acceptance in Windows
  programs.
• The PNG (Portable Network Graphics) file format was created as the free,
  open-source successor to GIF. The PNG file format supports 8 bit paletted
  images (with optional transparency for all palette colors) and 24 bit
  truecolor (16 million colors) or 48 bit truecolor with and without alpha
  channel - while GIF supports only 256 colors and a single transparent color.
Exposure
• The quantity of light
  allowed to act on a
  photographic
  material; a product of
  the intensity
  (controlled by the lens
  opening) and the
  duration (controlled
  by the shutter speed
  or enlarging time) of
  light striking the film
  or paper.
  [Brightness/Darkness
  of the final photo]
Shutter Speed
• shutter speed or exposure
  time is the effective length
  of time a camera's shutter
  is open. The total exposure
  is proportional to this
  exposure time, or duration
  of light reaching the film or
  image sensor.
Aperture
• an aperture is a
  hole or an opening
  through which light
  travels. More
  specifically, the
  aperture of an
  optical system is
  the opening that
  determines the
  cone angle of a
  bundle of rays that
  come to a focus in
  the image plane
ISO (film speed)
• Film speed is the
  measure of a
  photographic film's
  sensitivity to
  light, determined by
  sensitometry and
  measured on various
  numerical scales, the
  most recent being the
  ISO system. A closely
  related ISO system is
  used to measure the
  sensitivity of digital
  imaging systems.
White
     Balance
• Color Temperature
  of the image.
  Setting depend on
  the lighting
  available.
Angle of View
• The area of a scene that
  a lens covers or sees.
  Angle of view is
  determined by the focal
  length of the lens. A
  wide-angle lens (short-
  focal-length) includes
  more of the scene-a
  wider angle of view-
  than a normal (normal-
  focal-length) or
  telephoto (long-focal-
  length) lens. [What the
  lens sees, kind of like
  what you see when you
  look at something]

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Photography terminology

  • 2. Pixel • A picture element • (pix=picture and el-element) • In color image systems, a color is typically represented by three or four component intensities such as red, green, and blue, or cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
  • 3. File size • Image file size is positively correlated to the number of pixels in an image and the color depth, or bits per pixel
  • 4. Types of Files • JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a compression method. Nearly every digital camera can save images in the JPEG/JFIF format, which supports 8-bit grayscale images and 24-bit color images (8 bits each for red, green, and blue). • The TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) format is a flexible format that normally saves 8 bits or 16 bits per color (red, green, blue) for 24-bit and 48-bit totals, respectively, usually using either the TIFF or TIF filename extension. • GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is limited to an 8-bit palette, or 256 colors. • The BMP file format (Windows bitmap) handles graphics files within the Microsoft Windows OS. Typically, BMP files are uncompressed, hence they are large; the advantage is their simplicity and wide acceptance in Windows programs. • The PNG (Portable Network Graphics) file format was created as the free, open-source successor to GIF. The PNG file format supports 8 bit paletted images (with optional transparency for all palette colors) and 24 bit truecolor (16 million colors) or 48 bit truecolor with and without alpha channel - while GIF supports only 256 colors and a single transparent color.
  • 5. Exposure • The quantity of light allowed to act on a photographic material; a product of the intensity (controlled by the lens opening) and the duration (controlled by the shutter speed or enlarging time) of light striking the film or paper. [Brightness/Darkness of the final photo]
  • 6. Shutter Speed • shutter speed or exposure time is the effective length of time a camera's shutter is open. The total exposure is proportional to this exposure time, or duration of light reaching the film or image sensor.
  • 7. Aperture • an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture of an optical system is the opening that determines the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane
  • 8. ISO (film speed) • Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light, determined by sensitometry and measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being the ISO system. A closely related ISO system is used to measure the sensitivity of digital imaging systems.
  • 9. White Balance • Color Temperature of the image. Setting depend on the lighting available.
  • 10. Angle of View • The area of a scene that a lens covers or sees. Angle of view is determined by the focal length of the lens. A wide-angle lens (short- focal-length) includes more of the scene-a wider angle of view- than a normal (normal- focal-length) or telephoto (long-focal- length) lens. [What the lens sees, kind of like what you see when you look at something]

Notas del editor

  1. Relatively insensitive film, with a correspondingly lower speed index requires more exposure to light to produce the same image density as a more sensitive film, and is thus commonly termed a slow film. Highly sensitive films are correspondingly termed fast films. In both digital and film photography, the reduction of exposure corresponding to use of higher sensitivities generally leads to reduced image quality (via coarser film grain or higher image noise of other types). In short, the higher the sensitivity, the grainier the image will be.