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UNISDR 2009 Terminology On DRR - Persian Edition - 7817
1.
ﺻﻔﺤﻪ1از34© UNISDR 2009 ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﻴﻦ: زاده
ﺑﺎﻗﺮي زﻫﺮه ،ﻳﺎور ﺑﻴﮋناﺷﻌﺮيﻣﻴﺮﻃﺎﻫﺮي ﻣﻴﺜﻢ ،ﺑﻄﺤﺎﺋﻲ رﺿﺎ ،ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ﻋﻠﻲ ، Translators: Bijan Yavar, Zohreh Bagherizadeh Ashari, Maisam Mirtaheri, Ali Bakhtiari, Reza Bathaee زﻳﺮﻧﻈﺮ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻳﻲ و ﻓﻨﻲ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ: ﻳﺎور ﺑﻴﮋنﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ، Technical Editors & Under Supervision of: Bijan Yavar , Mohammad Hosseini راﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان واژهﻧﺎﻣﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان درﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ 2009 وﻳﺮاﻳﺶاول07-10-91 1st Edition – 2012‐12‐27 ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن
2.
ﺻﻔﺤﻪ2از34© UNISDR 2009
3.
ﺻﻔﺤﻪ3از34© UNISDR 2009 ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ
ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺤﺮان و ﺣﻮادث ،اﺳﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺣﺎل در آوري ﺳﺮﺳﺎم ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺸﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ اﻣﺮوز آﻧﭽﻨﺎﻧﻜﻪ اﻧﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺧﺎص ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ و دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ دﭼﺎر ﻧﻴﺰ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ. ا ﺑﺮاﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و ﺑﺤﺮان در ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ اﺳﺎس ﻳﻦ ﮔﺮدد اﺟﺮا و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎﻳﻲ روش ﺑﺎ ،رﻳﺰان ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ و ﺷﺪه ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﻪ ،ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ. در را ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻣﻴﺰان ،ﻓﺮاوان ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ داﺷﺘﻦ وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ اﻳﺮان ﭘﻬﻨﺎور ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦﺣﻮادث ﺣﻮزه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ دارا ﺧﺎص اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ و ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ،ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ. ﻋﺪم ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻛﻪ ﺣﻮادث اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﮔﻤﺎن ﺑﻲ اﺻﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪي ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح در ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ لﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻮار. ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎن ﺑﻪ ،اي رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺎن داﻧﺶ اﻳﻦاز ﺗﺎ اﺳﺖ اﻣﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻴﺎن و اﻧﺪرﻛﺎران دﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ،ﻣﺸﺘﺮك زﺑﺎن ﺷﻮد ﺑﺪل و رد ﻻزم ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬاري و رواﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻲ ،ﻣﻔﻬﻮم و ﭘﻴﺎم اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺿﻤﻦ ،زﻣﺎن ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ در ،آن ﻃﺮﻳﻖ. دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮ اﻗﺪاﻣﻲ در ،ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﺷﻮراي ﻋﻀﻮرا زﻣﻴﻨﻪ اﻳﻦ در ﮔﺎم اوﻟﻴﻦ ،ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ از ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ و ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت و واژﮔﺎن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﻳﻦ ،ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن و ﻧﻈﺮان ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات و ﻧﻈﺮات اراﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ اﷲ اﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﻮي از ﻛﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲUNISDRﻻ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻮرد و ﺷﺪه ﺗﺮ ﻏﻨﻲ روز ﺑﻪ روز ،اﺳﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻄﺮحﻛﺸﻮر در زم ﮔﻴﺮد ﻗﺮار. ﻗﺪﻣﻲ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ و وزﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﺎونر
4.
ﺻﻔﺤﻪ4از34© UNISDR 2009 ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺷﺪهﺗﻮﺳﻂراﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﺑﺮاي
ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان )UNISDR(،،ژﻧﻮﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ،ﻣﻲ2009 ©ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻣﻠﻞﻣﺘﺤﺪ،2009 ©راﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻣﻠﻞﻣﺘﺤﺪﺑﺮايﻛﺎﻫﺶ،ﺑﺤﺮان2009 ﻛﻠﻴﻪﺣﻘﻮقﭼﺎپﻣﺤﻔﻮظاﺳﺖ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ،ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻛﺘﺎبآزاداﻧﻪﻧﻘﻞﻗﻮلﺷﺪهوﻳﺎﭼﺎپﻣﺠﺪدﮔﺮدد،ﺻﻮرت اﻳﻦ در ﻛﻪذﻛﺮﻣﻨﺒﻊآن ﺿﺮورياﺳﺖ راﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان(UNISDR)ازﻣﺠﺪد اﻧﺘﺸﺎروﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪاﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎبﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ،ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ درﻻزماﺳﺖﻧﺴﺨﻪايازآنﺑﻪ(UNISDR)ارﺳﺎلﮔﺮدد واژهﻧﺎﻣﻪزﺑﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮاﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲوﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪآنﺑﻪزﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎيﻋﺮﺑﻲﭼﻴﻨﻲ ،،ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮي،روﺳﻲواﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﻮﻟﻲدر وبﺳﺎﻳﺖ: CATIONSPUBLI/ORG.UNSIDR.WWW وﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦدروبﺳﺎﻳﺖﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮيﺑﻪآدرس: NET.PREVENTIONWEB.WWW ﻣﻮﺟﻮداﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ روي ﺑﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﮕﺎرش ﻣﻨﺸ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻫﺎي از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎﺎﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﺳﺖ ﺷﺪه ﭼﺎپ
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ5از34© UNISDR 2009 راﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان واژهﻧﺎﻣﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﺑﺮاي
ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان درﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ 2009
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ6از34© UNISDR 2009
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ7از34© UNISDR 2009 واژهﻧﺎﻣﻪراﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻣﻠﻞﻣﺘﺤﺪﺑﺮايﻛﺎﻫﺶاﺛﺮاتﺑﺤﺮان،ﺑﺎﻫﺪفارﺗﻘﺎء)آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ
ﺳﻄﺢ(،ﺗﺮوﻳﺞدرﻛﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﺮكواﺳﺘﻔﺎدهايﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲازﻛﺎﻫ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺗﺼﻮراتﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺶﺑ و ﺑﺤﺮانﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ و ﻫﺎ ﺗﻼش ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻن،ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦوﻋﻤﻮمﻣﺮدمدرﺧﺼﻮصﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي،ﺗﻬﻴﻪﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ.ﻧﺴﺨﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻪ"واژهﻧﺎﻣﻪ، واژاﺳﺎﺳﻲ و ﺑﻨﻴﺎدي ﮔﺎندرﺧﺼﻮصﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي"ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ در"زﻳﺴﺑﺎ ﺘﻦاﻧﻮاعﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي:ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮوري درﺧﺼﻮصﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت و ﻣﻘﺮراتﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي"ﺳﺎل در2004ﺑﻮد ﺷﺪه ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻴﻼدي.،ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺎلﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻛﺎريﺳﺎل ،ﻫﻴﻮﮔﻮ2005ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺖ2015دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ازراﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻣﻠﻞﻣﺘﺤﺪﺑﺮايﻛﺎﻫﺶاﺛﺮاتﺑﺤﺮان ﺗﺎ ﻧﻤﻮد درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ"واژهﻧﺎﻣﻪﻛ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺎﻫﺶرﺳﻤﻲ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ،ﺑﺤﺮان ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي ،ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ و درﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮح ،ﻫﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ،ﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ،ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﻫﺎ ﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ اﻃﻼﻋﺎتﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ اي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺑﻄﻮر و ﻧﻤﻮده ﺑﺮوز و ﺑﻬﻨﮕﺎم را". ﻧﺴﺨﻪﺳﺎل2009ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮدﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪراﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻣﻠﻞﻣﺘﺤﺪﺑﺮايﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮانو آﻣﺪه ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎورهﮔ اي داﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن از ﺴﺘﺮدهوﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦﻫﺎي ﺣﻮزه درﻣﺘﻨﻮعﺻﻼﺣﻴﺘﻲ)اﻗﺪام ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﺢ در ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ(ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ،ﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت و اي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﺎت ،اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ.واژﮔﺎن،ﻧﺴﺨﻪ اﻳﻦ درﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗ و ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻮﺻﻴﻒ.ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف"ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح"واژه ﻫﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاهﺑﺮاي اﻣﺎ ،ﻧﺒﻮده ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ از ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ،ﺗو ﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢاﺳﺖ.ﺷﺎﻳﺎنذﻛﺮاﺳﺖﻛﻪواژﮔﺎنﻟﺰوﻣﺎاﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻪﻧﺒﻮدهودرﺑﺮﺧﻲﻣﻮاردﻣﻤﻜﻦاﺳﺖﻫﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲداﺷﺘﻪﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦواژهﻧﺎﻣﻪﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪايﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮيﺷﺪهاﺳﺖﻛﻪﺷﺎﻣﻞﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲﻣﺤﻮريﺑﺮايدركﺷﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﺮاﻳﻂﺣﺎل در ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﻛﻪ را ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺤﺮاندرﻧﺎﻣﻪ واژهﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﻲ را دارد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ،ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘ در ﻣﻮاردﺷﺪه ﻪﺷﺎﻣﻞاز ﺗﻌﺪاديﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢﺟﺪﻳﺪاي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻃﻮر ﺑﻪ و ﺑﻮده ﺷﺪن ﭘﺪﻳﺪار ﺣﺎل در ﻛﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺷﻮد ﻧﻤﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهاﻣﺎ ،آﻧﻬﺎ از ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺑﺎﺷ ﻣﻲ رﺷﺪ ﺣﺎل درﺪ.ﺳﺘﺎره ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ واژﮔﺎن اﻳﻦ(*)ﺷﺪه ﮔﺬاري ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﻣﻤﻜﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ و ﺪﺗﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ آﻳﻨﺪه در اﺳﺖﺷﻮد. واژه اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻧﺎﻣﻪﺳﺎل2009ﻣﻴﻼدياﺳﺎس و ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ،ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ و ﺗﻬﻴﻪاﻳﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ واژهﺑﻪﺳﺎﻳﺮﻫﺎ زﺑﺎنﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ. ازﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات و اﻧﺘﻘﺎدﻫﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ ويآﺗﻲاﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎلﺧﻮاﻫﺪﺷﺪ.را ﺧﻮد ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات و ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎﺑﻪدﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻣﻠﻞﻣﺘﺤﺪﺑﺮايﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان)UNISDR(ارﺳﺎلﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ) .org.unisdr.wwwﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ را ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ( .
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ8از34© UNISDR 2009 واژﮔﺎن ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﻗﺎﺑﻞﻗﺒﻮل)ACCEPTABLE RISK(----------------------------11 ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري)ADAPTATION(-----------------------------------------11 ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهيﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ
زﻳﺴﺖ) BIOLOGICAL HAZARD(---------------------11 ﻣﻘﺮراتﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ) ( BUILDING CODE-----------------------------12 ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ)CAPACITY (---------------------------------------------12 ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪيﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ) CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT(-----------------------13 ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ)(CLIMATE CHANGE-----------------------------------13 رﻳﺰي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪاﻗﺘﻀﺎﻳﻲ ( CONTINGENCY PLANNING )-------------------14 ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ)اﻧﻄﺒﺎق() COPING CAPACITY (-----------------------14 ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖاﺻﻼﺣﻲﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان ( CORRECTIVE DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT * )------15 ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼتﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ)CRITICAL FACILITIES (-----------------------------15 ﺑﺤﺮان)DISASTER (----------------------------------------------15 ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان)DISASTER RISK (---------------------------------16 ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮانDISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT ) (---------------16 ﻛﺎﻫﺶﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮانDISASTER RISK REDUCTION ) (--------------17 ﻃﺮحﻛﺎﻫﺶﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان( DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PLAN * )--------17 ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻫﺸﺪار ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪEARLY WARNING SYSTEM ) (--------------------18 ﺑﻮم ﺧﺪﻣﺎتﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ( ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ) -------------------------18 ﭘﺪﻳﺪهاﻟﻨﻴﻨﻮ-ﻧﻮﺳﺎنﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ( EL NINO‐SOUTHERN OSCILLATION PHENOMENON )-----19 اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ( EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT )-------------19 اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت( EMERGENCY SERVICES )-------------------20 ﻛﻴ ﻛﺎﻫﺶﻔﻴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ( ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION )------20
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ9از34© UNISDR 2009 ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲاﺛﺮاتﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ
زﻳﺴﺖ( ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT )-------20 ﻣ درﺑﻮدن ﻌﺮض( EXPOSURE )--------------------------------------21 ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﮔﺴﺘﺮده( EXTENSIVE RISK * )----------------------------21 ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ( FORECAST )------------------------------------------22 ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهيزﻣﻴﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻦ( GEOLOGICAL HAZARD )--------------------22 اي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي( GREENHOUSE GASES )-------------------------22 ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهﺧﻄﺮ و( HAZARD )----------------------------------------23 ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهآب ي–ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻫﻮا( HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD) ----23 ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺷﺪﻳﺪ( INTENSIVE RISK * )------------------------------24 اراﺿﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي رﻳﺰي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ( LAND‐USE PLANNING )-------------------24 اﺛﺮات ﻛﺎﻫﺶ( MITIGATION )--------------------------------------25 ﻣﺠﻤﻊﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻠﻲﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان( NATIONAL PLATFORM FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION )---25 ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ( NATURAL HAZARD )-------------------------------26 آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ( PREPAREDNESS )-----------------------------------26 ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي و ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮي( PREVENTION )----------------------------27 ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيآﻳﻨﺪهﻧﮕﺮ( PROSPECTIVE DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT* )---27 آﮔﺎﻫﻲﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ( PUBLIC AWERNESS )------------------------------27 ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي( RECOVERY )------------------------------------------28 ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه( RESIDUAL RISK )------------------------------28 ﭘﺬﻳ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖﺮيآوري ﺗﺎب و( Resilience )-----------------------------28 ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪﻳﺎﭘﺎﺳﺦ( RESPONSE )---------------------------------------29 ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻘﺎوم( RETROFITTING )------------------------------------29 ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي( RISK )----------------------------------------------29 اﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي رزﻳﺎﺑﻲ( RISK ASSESSMENT )---------------------------30 ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ( RISK MANAGEMENT )------------------------30
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ10از34© UNISDR 2009 ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي
اﻧﺘﻘﺎل( RISK TRANSFER )--------------------------------31 ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهاﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ-ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ( SOCIO‐NATURAL HAZARD * )--------------31 اي ﺳﺎزه ﻏﻴﺮ و اي ﺳﺎزه ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ( STRUCTURAL AND NON‐STRUCTURAL MEASURES )------32 ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪيﭘﺎﻳﺪار( SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT )--------------------32 ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهﻓﻦآوراﻧﻪ( TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD )----------------------33 ﭘﺬﻳﺮي آﺳﻴﺐ( VULNERABILITY )-----------------------------------33 *ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺼﻮرات ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ارﺗﺒﺎط اﻣﺎ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ اي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻇﻬﻮر و ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ ﺣﺎل درﻓﺰآﻳﻨﺪهﺑﻪ رو و ﺗﺰاﻳﺪيﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﻫﺎ آندارد؛دﺳﺖ در اي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻃﻮر ﺑﻪ واژﮔﺎن اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒو ﺷﻮرو ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺸﻮرت ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ آﻳﻨﺪه در اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ.
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ11از34© UNISDR 2009 •ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﻗﺒﻮل
ﻗﺎﺑﻞ)Acceptable risk( ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺧﺴﺎرات از ﺳﻄﺤﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻪ ايﻣﺤﻠﻲاﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ،اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ،، ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ،ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ و ﻓﻨﻲ ،آور ﻣﻲ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻗﺎﺑﻞ آﻧﺮا ،د. ﺷﺮحوﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ: ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ واژﮔﺎن در،)واژه(ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻗﺎﺑﻞ،ا ﺑﺮايﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ و رزﻳﺎﺑﻲو اي ﺳﺎزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﻗﺮارﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد.ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮﻗﺒﻮلﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ،ﻫﺎ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞﻳﺎ"ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻫﺎي"ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دﻳﮕﺮ و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﺷﺪه ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻪﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪوﺑﻪﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ آﺳﻴﺐاﻣﻮال ،و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ،ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺎ ،ﺗﺤﻤﻠ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻲاﻧﺘﺨﺎباﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻮرد ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺪه. •ﺳﺎزﮔﺎريﻳﺎاﻧﻄﺒﺎق)Adaptation( در ﻻزم ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت و ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪاﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ و ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ،و درﺷﺮاﻳ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻛﻨﺶﻂاﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺛﺮات ﻳﺎ و اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﻮردﻫﺎ آﺳﻴﺐ ﻛﻪﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ راﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻳﺎ وراﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻬﺮهاﻳﺠﺎدﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:اﻳﻦﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻫﺎي دﻏﺪﻏﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒاﻗﻠﻴﻢدﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ از ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪﭼﺎرﭼﻮبﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻠﻞدرﺧﺼﻮصﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮنﺗﻐﻴﻴاﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺮ)UNFCCC(ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ.دﻳﺪﮔﺎهﺗﺮ وﺳﻴﻊيﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري از ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ درﺧﺼﻮص:ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮده ﺑﻜﺎر ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻓﺮوﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ و ﺧﺎك ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ.ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ اﺗﻔﺎق ﺧﻮداﻧﮕﻴﺨﺘﻪ و ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ اي ﺷﻴﻮه ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ،ﻣﺜﻼﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اززار،ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻃﺮح و ﻫﺎﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻳﺎ و ﻋﻤﺪي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري و اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ و ﻫﺎ.ا ﺑﺴﻴﺎريﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ ز ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮياز ﻧﺎﺷﻲﺑﺤﺮاﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ نﺑﻪﺑﻴﺎﻧﺠﺎﻣﻨﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮده ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري. •ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهيزﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ(Biological hazard ) ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻳﺎ و ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ اي ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻳﺎ و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ(Vectors)ﺟﻤﻠﻪ از ،ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﻌﺮض در ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﺮارزا ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺎي،ﻛﻨﺸﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻮاد و ﺳﻤﻮم(Bioactive)ﻛﻪ آﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺎي،ﻫﺎ ﺟﺮاﺣﺖ،ﺗﺎﺛ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ و ﺑﻴﻤﺎريﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻴﺮات،ﻫﺎ داراﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرت، ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﻣﻌﺎش اﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻴﺐ،ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻳﺎ و ،اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﺮوﭘﺎﺷﻲ.
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ12از34© UNISDR 2009 ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ
و ﺷﺮح:ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات از ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎﻳﻲ:ﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﻮع،ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺳﺮاﻳﺖ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت و ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن،ﺑﻴﻤﺎريﻫﺎيواﮔﻴﺮﻳﺎ وﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ و ﺣﺸﺮات ﻫﺠﻮم. •ﻣﻘﺮراتﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ(Building code ) ﻫﺪف ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي و ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ از اي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺒﻪ و ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل، ﺳﺎز و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ،ﻣﻮاد،ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ)اﺻﻼح(ﺣﺼﻮ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎزه اﺷﻐﺎل وآﺳﺎﻳﺶ و اﻳﻤﻨﻲ از اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن لاﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ:ﻓﺮور ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ در ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖﻳﺨﺘﻦا و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻳﺠﺎدﺧﺴﺎرتﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ،اﺳﺖ ﺿﺮوري. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﻣﻘﺮراتﻓﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ،اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮديﺑﺎﺷﺪ.آﻧﻬﺎﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺠ از ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزهﺎرباﻟ ﺑﻴﻦرا ﻤﻠﻠﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮرﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ و ﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و وﺿﻌﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ و ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ.ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ،ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻲﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖﻣﻮﺛﺮ اﺟﺮاي از ﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﺋﻴﻦﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺎياﺳﺖ ﻻزم. •ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ)Capacity( ﻧﻴﺮوﻫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻳﺎ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﻚ داﺧﻞ در دﺳﺘﺮس در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻫﺎ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ،ﺎاﺳﺖرﺳ ﺑﺮايﺑﻪ ﻴﺪن ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻮرد اﻫﺪاف. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ،ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎت ،ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺒﻪ و ﻫﺎ زﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ،اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ:ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺒﻪ و ﻫﺎ ﻣﻬﺎرت ،داﻧﺶﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ:رﻫﺒﺮ ،اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ رواﺑﻂو ي ﮔﺮدد ،ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ.ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺤﺖ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦﻧﻴﺰﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒﮔﺮدد.ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ،و اﺻﻄﻼح واژهﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ آن ﻃﺮﻳﻖ از ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺖ ايﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮرد اﻫﺪاف ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ در ﮔﺮوه ﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺮاي را ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ و ﻫﺎ ﺧﻼء و ،ﺷﻮدﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ،.
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ13از34© UNISDR 2009 •ي
ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ)Capacity Development( ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪياﺳﺖﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﻃﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ،ﻣﺮدم ،آن ﻃﺮﻳﻖ از ﻛﻪ،زﻣ ﻃﻮل در را ﺧﻮد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ و ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﺎن دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮايﺑاﻗﺘﺼﺎ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻫﺪاف ﻪديﺳﻴ ،ﻫﺎ ﻣﻬﺎرت ،داﻧﺶ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ازﻫﺎ ﺴﺘﻢو ،ﺑﺮاﻧﮕﻴﺨﺘﻪ ،ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪدﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:،ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲﻛﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻲواژهﺳﺎزي ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﺑ راﺮايﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در ،زﻣﺎن ﻃﻮل در ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ رﺷﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري و اﻳﺠﺎدﺑﺴﻂدﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ.ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه در ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﻳﻦو ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮياﻧﻮاع ﻣﻲ آﻣﻮزشﺑﻠﻜﻪ ،ﮔﺮددﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ،ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ رﺳﺎﻧﻲ آﮔﺎﻫﻲ ،ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ و ﺗﻼﺷﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ،ﻣﺎﻟﻲﻧﻈﺎم و ﻫﺎﺳﺎزي ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎي وﺳﻴﻊ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲﻣﻲ ﺗﺮﮔﺮدد. •ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﻗﻠﻴﻢ)(Climate change اﻟﻒ(ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻴﺎتاﻟﺪوﻟﻲﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﻗﻠﻴﻢ) IPCC(اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ،ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ذﻳﻞ ﺷﺮح ﺑﻪ را: "در ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮيوﺿﻌﻴﺖﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ)آﻣﺎري ﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮن از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻃﻮر ﺑﻪ(ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮا ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ازتدر ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﺗﻨﻮع ﻳﺎ ودرﻫﺎي وﻳﮋﮔﻲآنو ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﺑﺮاياز اﻋﻢ دوره ﻳﻚدﻫﻪ ﻳﻚﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ودوامﺑﻴﺎورد. ﻧ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻳﺎ ،ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ﻫﺎي واداﺷﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ دروﻧﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي از ﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي در ﻳﺎ و ﺟﻮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ درزﻣﻴﻦﺑﺎﺷﺪ". ب(دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪﭼﺎرﭼﻮبﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎندرﺧﺼﻮصﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮنﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﻗﻠﻴﻢ)UNFCCC(،اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮرا "اﻗﻠﻴ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻤﻲﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻃﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ از را ﺟﻮو داده ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳ ﻣﻲ دﮔﺮﮔﻮن ﻳﺎ،ﺪﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒﻛﻪﺷﺪه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ از ﻓﺮاﺗﺮزﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزه در ،ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺑﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ." ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﺑﺮﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻫﺪاف ايﺑﺤﺮان ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﭼﺎرﭼﻮباﺷﺎره ﻣﻮرد ﺧﺎص،اﻳﻦ از ﻳﻚ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ.ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒUNFCCCﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻣﻨ ﻲاﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮا ،اﺳﺖ ﺤﺼﺮﺗﺮﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ دادن ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﻲ را ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺑﻪ.ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒIPCC ﻣﺘﺪاول ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ14از34© UNISDR 2009 ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ
ﺑﻪ:"ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮيدرو اﻗﻠﻴﻢﺑﺮا ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮا و آبيﻳﻚو دﻫﻪﻳﺎﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﭘﺎﻳﺪارﻧﺎﺷ و ﻣﺎﻧﺪهﻲﻃﺒ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻋﻠﻞ ازﻴﻌﻲو ﻳﺎﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎيﺑﺸﺮيﻣﻲﺷﻮد"ﮔﺮد ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ و ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮد. •ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﻳﺰياﻗﺘﻀﺎﻳﻲ)Contingency planning( ﻓﺮآروﻳﺪادﻫﺎي ﻛﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﺪي و ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺎل در ﻫﺎي وﺿﻌﻴﺖ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺎ وﻳﮋه و ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه دﻫﻨﺪ ﻗﺮار ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد را زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﻪ را رﺧﺪادي،و ﻧﻤﻮده ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﭘﻴﺸﺎﭘﻴﺶﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪاﺗﻲ راﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ،ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ زﻣﺎن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪدرﺧﺼﻮصرا ﻫﺎﻳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ و رﺧﺪادﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺪ ﺑﻨﻴﺎن و ﻧﻤﻮده اﻳﺠﺎد. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﻃﺮاﺣﻲوﻗﻮع اﺣﺘﻤﺎلﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ،ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﻲ ﺧﻂ از ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ، دﻫ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻲﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ وﺑﺎ ﺷﺪهﻧﻘﺶ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات و اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ،ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻲ و ﻧﻬﺎدي ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ وﺿﻮح ﺑﻪﻳﻲﺷﺪهو ﻓﻌﺎﻻن ﺑﺮايﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ،اﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻮرد ﻛﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎص و وﻳﮋه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ. رﺧﺪاد و روﻳﺪادﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﻫﺎي وﺿﻌﻴﺖ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺑﻪ ،ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻫﺎيﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺪيو ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ،روﻳﺎروﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد را ﺷﻮد اﻳﺠﺎد ﻫﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻃﻲ در ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ را ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﺗﺎ دﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ اﺟﺎزه ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﻞﻗدﻫﻨﺪ ﺮار.رﻳﺰي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪاﻗﺘﻀﺎﻳﻲرود ﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎر ﺑﻪ آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺖ از ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ و ﺑﺨﺶ ،.و ﻫﺎ ﻃﺮح ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎياﻗﺘﻀﺎﻳﻲ،روز ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ و رﺳﺎﻧﻲ. •ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ)اﻧﻄﺒﺎق()Coping capacity( ﻣﺮدم ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ،دﺳﺘﺮس در ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرت و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺣﺎل در ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ و ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪو ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻳﺎ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ،ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر و ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و ﻫﺎ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ)ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ(ﻫﻢ ،ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ،ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ رﺳﺎﻧﻲ آﮔﺎﻫﻲ ،ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري و اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﻋﺎدي ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ درﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦﺣﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺤﺮانﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ.ﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻳﺎﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺤﺮان.
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ15از34© UNISDR 2009 ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖاﺻﻼﺣﻲﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان)Corrective
disaster risk management *( ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻛﺎ ﻳﺎ و اﺻﻼح دﻧﺒﺎل ﺑﻪ و ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ در ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎيﺧﻄﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت ﻫﺶﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان،ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ،اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺣﺎل در. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺎ دارد ﻗﺼﺪ ﺗﺼﻮرﻛﻠﻲ و ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻳﻦ،ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺣﺎل در ﻛﻪ آن اﺛﺮات ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻛﻨﻮن و ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ)ﻃﺮف ﻳﻚ از(واﻧﻮاعﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑاﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺎ در وﻗﻮعآﻳﻨﺪه)اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﺎ(ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺟﺮاي ﻳﺎ و اﺟﺮا ﻋﺪم ﺻﻮرت در اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﻪ ، ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﻳﻨﺪه در)دﻳﮕﺮ ﻃﺮف از(دﻫﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻫﻢ از را آﻧﻬﺎ و ﺷﺪه ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ،.ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪﺑﻪ)ﺑﺨﺶ(ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮانﻧﮕﺮ آﻳﻨﺪه. •ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼتﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ)Critical facilities( ﺳﺎ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎاوﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻫﺎي زه،و ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼتﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪاﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻈﺮ از ﻛﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ،ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎر و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدﺷﺮاﻳﻂ در ﻫﻢ ،ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﻫﺎي وﺿﻌﻴﺖ در ﻫﻢ و ﻋﺎديﺷ در ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ وﺮاﻳﻂ ،ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻻزم ،ﺣﺎد اﺿﻄﺮاريﮔﺮدد ﻣﻲ اﺗﻼق. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻳﺎ و اﺟﺰاء ،ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت)دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ(زﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻛﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻗﺮار ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ و ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﻚ در را اﺳﺎﺳﻲ و ﺿﺮوري ﺧﺪﻣﺎت.ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﺷﺎﻣﻞﭼﻮن ي:ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻧﻘﻞ و ﺣﻤﻞ ﻫﺎي،ﺑﺮق ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ،ﺑﻨﺎدر و ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮودﮔﺎه،،ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت و آب ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎناداري ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ،ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ آﺗﺶ رﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ و ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ و ﻫﺎ درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺎه و ﻫﺎ ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ،ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ. •ﺑﺤﺮان(Disaster) ﺟ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد در آﻣﺪه ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﺟﺪي ﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﺑﻲﺑ در ﻛﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻳﺎ ﺎﻣﻌﻪﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات و ﺧﺴﺎرات ﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪهﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ،اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲا ،از ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺘﺼﺎدياﻧﻄﺒﺎق و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎ)اﺧﺘﻴﺎر در(اﺳﺖ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮدش.
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ16از34© UNISDR 2009 ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ
و ﺷﺮح:ﺑﺤﺮاناي ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻫﺎﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ از)ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دو: (و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ،ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﺮار ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﻌﺮض در آ از ﻫﺎﻳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ،دارد وﺟﻮد اﻛﻨﻮن ﻛﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺳﻴﺐﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ و ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ و ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ،ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ.ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات:ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﺴﺎرات،ﺟﺮاﺣﺎت، ﺳ و ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎريﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات ﺎﻳﺮ،،اﻣﻮال ﺑﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ و اﻧﺴﺎن اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و رواﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﺑﻮديﻫﺎ داراﻳﻲﺑﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرت ،)اراﺋﻪ روﻧﺪ(ﺧﺪﻣﺎت،و اﻧﺤﻄﺎط و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻓﺮوﭘﺎﺷﻲ و اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ﮔﺮدد ،ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ. •ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﺑﺤﺮان ﻳﺮي)(Disaster risk ﺟﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺑﺤﺮان ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه وارده ﻫﺎي آﺳﻴﺐﻣﻌ ،ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ،ﻛﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﻫﺎ داراﻳﻲ ،ﻫﺎ ﻴﺸﺖﻳﻚ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﭙﻴﻮﻧﺪد ﺑﻮﻗﻮع آﻳﻨﺪه از ﺧﺎﺻﻲ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎزه ﻳﺎ دوره ﻃﻲ در ﺧﺎص اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎلﺗﺼﻮر ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ،ﺑﺤﺮانو داد ﺑﺮون ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻫﺎي وﺿﻌﻴﺖ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ.ﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ درهاز ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺧﺴﺎرات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﻮاعﻛﻤﻴﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮاﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺮدنﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ،.ﺑﺎ ،ﺣﺎل اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ)اﺧﺘﻴﺎر در داﺷﺘﻦ(داﻧﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺶدرﺧﺼﻮصﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاتاﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي و-،اﻗﺘﺼﺎدياﻧﻮاع ﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻫﺎي دوره در ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ،ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ،ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ. •ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﭘﺬ ﺧﻄﺮﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان(Disaster risk management) ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪاداري رﻫﻨﻤﻮدﻫﺎي و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ،ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎي وﺑﺮاي،راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ اﺟﺮاي ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ و ﻫﺎﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر و ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ،ﺣﺎد ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات وﻛﺎﻫﺶ دادن ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاتﺑﺤﺮان رﺧﺪاد اﺣﺘﻤﺎلاﺳﺖ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﺗﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ واژه ﺑﺴﻂ واژه اﻳﻦ"ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮ"ﺧﺎص ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﻫﺎيﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ،ﺑﺤﺮان.ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر و ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ،ﺣﺎد ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات از ﺗﺎ دارد ﻫﺪف ﺑﺤﺮان
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ17از34© UNISDR 2009 از
،ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاتﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻃﺮﻳﻖﺑﺮاي ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮي و ﻫﺎﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮي،اﺛﺮات ﻛﺎﻫﺶرا آﻧﻬﺎ ،ﻧﻤﻮده ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ،آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ و ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻳﺎ و داده ﻛﺎﻫﺶ. ﻛﺎﻫﺶﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان Disaster risk reduction ) ( ﻋﻤﻞ و اﺟﺮا و ﺗﺌﻮري و دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ،ﺗﺼﻮرﻛﺎﻫﺶاﻧﻮاعﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮياز ﺑﺤﺮانﺗﻼش و ﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻃﺮﻳﻖﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗـﺮار ﻣﻌـﺮض در ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ از ،ﻫﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻋﻠﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻴﺎن ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاتو ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺬﻳﺮي آﺳﻴﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ،اﻣﻮاﻟﺸﺎن،زﻳـﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻋﺎﻗﻼﻧﻪ و ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪاﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ، ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ و ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ وﻣﻀﺮ و ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر رﺧﺪادﻫﺎياﺳﺖ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﻣﻊ روﻳﻜﺮدياﻧﻮاعﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيد ﺑﺤـﺮانرﭼـﺎرﭼﻮبﻛـﺎريﺻـﺤﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﻴﻮﮔـﻮ ﺳﺎل در و ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ و ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ وﻣﻮرد ﺷﺪه ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ2005ﺧﺮوﺟـﻲ و ﺷـﺪه ﻣـﺼﻮب ﻣﻴﻼدي آن اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﻮرد"ﻛﺎ،ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان از ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ و ﻫﺎ آﺳﻴﺐ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ و ذاﺗﻲ ﻫﺶدرﺧـﺼﻮصو اﻧـﺴﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺟـﺎن ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ،اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻫﺎي داراﻳﻲ"اﺳﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ و ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ. ﺑﻴ راﻫﺒﺮد ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻦﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان( ISDR )ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر و اﺑﺰارﺳـﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ،دول ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﺑﺮاي اي ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻻن وﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪاﺟﺮاي در ﻻزم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪت اﻳﺠﺎدﻛﺎري ﭼﺎرﭼﻮبﻣﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ،ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎدآورد.ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺣﺎﻟ در ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ داﺷﺘﻪواژه ﻴﻜﻪ"اﺛﺮات ﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان"واژه ،ﮔﻴـﺮد ﻣﻲ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻮرد اوﻗﺎت ﮔﺎﻫﻲ"ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﻮاعﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان"ﻣﺪاوم ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ از ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ آورﻧﺪه ﻓﺮاﻫﻢﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮياي ﺑـﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺗﺪاوم و ﺑﺤﺮان اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮايﻫﺎ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ. ﻃﺮحﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮان(Disaster risk reduction plan * ) ﺳﺎزﻣﺎ ،ﺑﺨﺶ ،ﻣﺴﻮول ﻣﻘﺎم ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻨﺪيﻳﺎ و نﮔﺬاري ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼتو ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻫﺪافﺧﺮدوﻛﻼنﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاي را ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲاﻧﻮاعﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃ ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺤﺮانﻪﻣﺨﺘﺺ وﺑﺮاي آن ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ رﺳﻴﺪن و ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ اﻫﺪافاﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ راﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﺮحﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺤﺮانﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻃﺮح ﻳﺎﻫﺎيﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﺎري ﭼﺎرﭼﻮبﻫﻴﻮﮔﻮ (HFA)ﺷﻮﻧﺪ دﻫﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻗﺮار راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ و ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﻣﻮردﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ و،دروندر وﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺗﻮﺳ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮح و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪاي ﻌﻪاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ،ﮔﻴﺮد ﻗﺮار ﻣﺪاﻗﻪ و ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ.
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ18از34© UNISDR 2009 ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ
ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ در ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮح و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻣﺴﻮﻟﻴﺖ از ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ و ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻮدن ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻫﺎي وﺿﻌﻴﺖ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ و ﺷﺪه ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اداريﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر.اﺟﺮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻮﻟﻴﺖ و زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺪولﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ در ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ اي ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ و اي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﮔﺮدد ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻃﺮح.در ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ و آب ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮح و ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي و ﻫﺎ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﮔﺮدد ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ. ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺸﺪارﺳﺮﻳﻊ(Early warning system) ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻮرد ﻫﺎي ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ از اي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺑﻪ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ زﻣﺎن در ﻫﺸﺪاري ﻫﺎي داده و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﻧﺘﺸﺎر و اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﺮاي دار ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻃﻮرﺑﺮايﺑﻔﺮد ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ اﻓﺮاد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ،ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ات ﺑﺮايﻻز اﻗﺪام و آﻣﺎدﮔﻲم)ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ(ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ. ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ و ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ زﻣﺎن در و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻫﺎ آﺳﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ و ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ،ﺧﺴﺎرات اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻛﺎﻫﺶ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﺿﺮوري ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ از اي داﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻳﻦراﻫﺎي واﻛﻨﺶ و ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ آوردن ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻫﺸﺪارراﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ.ﻫﺸﺪار ﻧﻈﺎم و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚﻫ زودﻨﮕﺎمﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﺮدمﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر از ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺪي:1-اﻧﻮاع از داﻧﺸﻲﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي،2-ﻣﺨﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ،ﭘﺎﻳﺶﻃﺮات،3-ﻳﺎ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻫﺸﺪارﻫﺎ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر،ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎ اﻋﻼن و4-ﺗﻮاﻧ وﻣ در ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺎﻳﻲﻘو ﺎﺑﻠﻪﺷﺪه درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺸﺪارﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ واﻛﻨﺶ. اﺻﻄﻼح"ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪآ ﻫﺸﺪارﺧﺮ-ﺗﺎ–آﺧﺮ"ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦا ﺑﺮﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻳﻦداردﻛﻪﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﻳﻦﮔﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ از ﻫﺎﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه آﺷﻜﺎرﺳﺎزيﺗﺎﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ واﻛﻨﺶﺑﺮ در راﺑﮕﻴﺮد. ﺑﻮم ﺧﺪﻣﺎتﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ(Ecosystem services ) ﻓﻮاﻳﺪﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي وﺑﻮم از ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ و ﻣﺮدم ﻛﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪاﻛﻮﺳﻴ ﺑﮕﻮﺋﻴﻢ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻳﺎآورﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺴﺘﻢ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻫﺰاره اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ از ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻳﻦ.ﺗﻮاﻧﻨـﺪ ﻣـﻲ ﻫـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮم ﻛﻪ ﻓﻮاﻳﺪي ﺷﺎﻣ و ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﺑﺮ در آورﻧﺪ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢﻞ:"ﺧﺪﻣﺎتﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ"ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ:ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ،ﺧﺸﻜـﺴﺎﻟﻲ ،ﻫـﺎ ﺳـﻴﻼب ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ آﺋـﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﻤﺮاه ،ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري و زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ"ﺧﺪﻣﺗﺪارﻛﺎﺗﻲ ﺎت"ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ:آب و ﻏﺬا،"ﭘـﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺧـﺪﻣﺎت"ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ:ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ19از34© UNISDR 2009 ﭼﺮﺧﻪ
و ﺧﺎكو ،ﺧﺎك ﻣﻐﺬي ﻣﻮاد و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر"ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﻲ ﺧـﺪﻣﺎت"ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ:و ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤـﻲ ،روﺣـﺎﻧﻲ ،ﻣـﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻓﻮاﻳـﺪ ﻣـﺎدي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻮاﻳﺪ و ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي و ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﮔﺮمﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻲ.ﺟـﺎﻣﻊ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼـﻪ وﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ و آب ،زﻣـﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ زﻳﺴﺘﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ و دﻫﻨﺪه ارﺗﻘﺎءﭘﺎﻳـﻪ آورﻧـﺪه ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻧﻤـﻮدن ﺣﻔـﻆ ﺑـﺮاي اﺳﺎﺳـﻲ و،ﺑﻘـﺎي و ﻧﮕﻬـﺪاريـﺎﻫﺶـﻛ در ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻮاردي آن ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ،اي ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑـﻮم ﺧـﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي،دارﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎريﻣﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻲ. ﭘﺪﻳﺪهﻧﻴﻨﻮ ال–ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن(El Nino‐Southern Oscillation phenomenon) اﻧﺪرﻛﻨﺸﻲﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲاﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ و آرام اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس،ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي دوره رﺧﺪاد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ روي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﻗ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎيﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻧﻘﺎط از ﺑﺴﻴﺎري در ﺟﻮي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و ﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻲ.ﭘﺪﻳﺪ اﻳﻦهﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻣﻬﻢﻃﻮل درز در ﺳﺎل از ﻣﺎﻫﻬﺎﻳﻲﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي،درﻳﺎﻳﻲﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﻼب ،وﻫﺎ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲاﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي در ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ وﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﺑﺨﺶﻧﻴﻨﻮ الازﭘﺪﻳﺪهاﻧﺴﻮ(ENSO)دﻣﺎ ﺑﻪآرا اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس آب ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ از ﺑﻴﺶ يﻃﻮل در ﻛﻪ م اﺗﻼق دﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ رخ آرام اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس اﺳﺘﻮاﻳﻲ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ در ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ و ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ و ﭘﺮو ،اﻛﻮادور ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ در ،ﮔﺮدد ﻣﻲﻻﻧﻴﻨﺎ(La Nina)ﻣﺘﻀﺎد ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻪاﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس آب ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ از ﻛﻤﺘﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﺗﻼقﮔﺮدد ﻣﻲ.اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﻮﺳﺎندر ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻮي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﺎي اﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮا ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ي ﮔﺮدد ﻣﻲ اﺗﻼق ،اﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺴﻤﺖ. اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ(Emergency management ) ﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﻮﻟﻴﺖ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪ،اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﺎي وﺿﻌﻴﺖ و ﻧﻤﻮدﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ آ ،ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎو ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ،ﻣﺎدﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﮔﺎمﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي و ﺑﺎزﺗﻮاﻧﻲ ،اﺣﻴﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ و ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:اﺿﻄﺮاري و ﻓﻮري ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ وﺿﻌﻴﺘﻲ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻳﻚ اﺳﺖ.ﺑﺤﺮان ﺑﻪ رﺧﺪاد و روﻳﺪاد ﻳﻚ ﺷﺪن ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ از ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات و ﻫﺎ ﻃﺮح و ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﺧﻴﻞ و ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه در اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و داوﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎت ،دوﻟﺖ ي ﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ و ﺗﻼﺷﻬﺎ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ و ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ و ﮔﻤﺎردن ﻛﺎر ﺑﻪ و ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻴﻮه ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮدوﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﻴﻒ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ،واﻛﻨﺶ
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ20از34© UNISDR 2009 ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪياﺿﻄﺮاري
ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﺎيﮔﺮدد ﻣﻲ.واژه"ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ"اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺠﺎي اوﻗﺎت ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد ﻣﻲ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻮرد. اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت(Emergency services ) اﻫﺪاف و ﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎت از اي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪرا ﺧﺎﺻﻲ و وﻳﮋهدرﺧﺼﻮصو ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ را دارﻧﺪ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و ﻫﺎ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ در ﻫﺎ داراﻳﻲ و ﻣﺮدم از ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺪﻣﺎتﭼﻮن ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎﺗﻲ درﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ:ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺴﻮﻟﻴﻦ آﻣﺒﻮ ،ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ آﺗﺶ ،ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ،ﺷﻬﺮيو اورژاﻧﺲ ﻃﺐ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ،ﻻﻧﺲﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮرﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻜﻨﻴﺴﻴﻦ، ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖو ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ،ﻧﻘﻞ و ﺣﻤﻞ ،ﺑﺮق ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي و ،ﺳﺮخ ﺻﻠﻴﺐ و اﺣﻤﺮ ﻫﻼل ﺳﺎﻳﺮﺳﺎزﻣﺎندﻫﻨﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﻫﺎيﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎتﻣﻲﮔﺮدد. زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ(Environmental degradation) ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶزﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮراﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي و اﻫﺪاف ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:و داده ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ را ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﺷﺪت و ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﺮده دﮔﺮﮔﻮندﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ را اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي آﺳﻴﺐ و.اﻧﻮاعﻣ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶاﻳﺠﺎد زﻳﺴﺖ ﺤﻴﻂ ﺷﺪهﺗﻮﺳﻂﺷﺎﻣﻞ و ﺑﻮده ﻣﺘﻨﻮع اﻧﺴﺎن:،زاﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎن ،ﺧﺎك ﻧﺎﺑﻮدي و آﺳﻴﺐ و ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ،زﻣﻴﻦ از ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮزي آﺗﺶو رﻓﺘﻦ ازﺑﻴﻦ ،آﺳﻴﺐ ،ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖزﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻧﺎﺑﻮديزداﻳﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ،،ﺑﻴﻦ ازرﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺮا ﺟﻨﮕﻞآب ،زﻣﻴﻦ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ،و درﻳﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ،اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ،ﻫﻮا وﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐاوزون ﻻﻳﻪﮔﺮدد ﻣﻲ ،. ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲاﺛﺮاتﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ(Environmental impact assessment ) ﻗﺮار ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ و ﭘﺮوژه ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن ﻃﺮﻳﻖ از ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻋﻨﻮا ﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ و رﻳﺰي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ن ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ اﺟﺮا ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ و ﭘﺮوژه آن ﺳﻮد اﺛﺮات ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و ﻧﻤﻮدن.
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ21از34© UNISDR 2009 ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ
و ﺷﺮح:ﺷﻮاﻫ آوردن ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاري اﺑﺰار ،ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ اﺛﺮات ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲﺪاﺛﺮات ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و اﻳ از ﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آن ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖﭘﺮوژه ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي در وﺳﻴﻊ ﻃﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻫﺎ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺪه ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﻪ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺎري ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﺮاي و ﻣﻠﻲ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ و.اﺛﺮات ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ در ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖﺟﺎﻳﮕ آورﻧﺪه ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ و ﺑﻮده ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﺮ ﻫﺎي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه،ﻫﺎ ﺰﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ و ﻫﺎ ﺣﻞ راهﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ. ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻌﺮض در(Exposure) در ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ و ،ﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ،ﻫﺎ داراﻳﻲ ،ﻣﺮدمﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺪوده و ﻫﺎ زونو ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺖﻣﻌﺮض در وﻫﺎ آﺳﻴﺐيرا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮهﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻌﺮض در اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﻣﻌﺮض در ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮيﺷﺎﻣﻞ:ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻳﻚ در ﻫﺎ داراﻳﻲ اﻧﻮاع ﻳﺎ و اﻓﺮاد ﺗﻌﺪادﺷﻮد. ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﺎص ﭘﺬﻳﺮي آﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﻮارد اﻳﻦﻫﺮﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهو ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﻛﻤﻲﻣﺮﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﻂاﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ در ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات،دارا راﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ. ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﮔﺴﺘﺮده(Extensive risk *) ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهﺷﺪه ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه و ﻣﺘﻔﺮق ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻌﺮض درﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂو ﻫﺎ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎوﭘﻲ در ﭘﻲﻣﺪاوم و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﻳﺎ وﻣﺘﻮ ﻳﺎ و ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺪتﻗﺪرت ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ،ﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻيﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﻪ ،ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮاتﮔﺮدد ﻣﻲ اﺗﻼق ،ﮔﺮدد. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﻓﺰآﻳﻨـﺪه و ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ،دار داﻣﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﺣﻮاﺷـﻲ و روﺳـﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻧـﻮاﺣﻲ وﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﻋﻤـﺪه ﻃـﻮر ﺑـﻪ و ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻌﺮض در و ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ در ﺷﻬﺮيﭘﺬﻳﺮي آﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﻌﺮض در،ﻫـﺎ راﻧـﺶ ،ﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﻼب ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ رﺧﺪاده ﺑﺎز و ﻣﻜﺮر ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ و ،ﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﻓﺎنﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ،.و ﮔـﺴﺘﺮده ،دار داﻣﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻓﺰآﻳﻨﺪهدر زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ،ﻓﻘﺮ ﺑﺎو ﺑـﻮده ارﺗﺒـﺎطﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻲ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ.ﺧﻄﺮﭘـﺬﻳﺮي ﺷﺪﻳﺪوﻳﮋه ﻳﺎ( INTENSIVE RISK * )ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﻴﺰ را.
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ22از34© UNISDR 2009 ﺑﻴﻨﻲ
ﭘﻴﺶ(Forecast) ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﻪﺻﺮﻳﺢﻳﺎﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﺑﺮآورد وآﻣﺎرياﺣﺘﻤﺎلروﻳﺪاد ﻳﻚ رﺧﺪادوﺿـﻌﻴﺖ ﻳﺎآﻳﻨـﺪه دردرﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪايرا ﺧـﺎص ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:درﻫﻮاﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻳﻚ ،ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲآﻳﻨﺪه در وﺿﻌﻴﺘﻲدارد اﺷﺎرهدرﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪﻫﺸﺪارﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه وﺿﻌﻴﺘﻲ آﻳﻨﺪه در ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎكﺳﺎزد ﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ را. ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهﺷﻨﺎ زﻣﻴﻦﺧﺘﻲ(Geological hazard ) ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ زﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻳﺎ و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪاﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﻪﺗﻠﻔﺎتﺟﺎﻧﻲﻫ ﺟﺮاﺣﺖ ،ﺳﺎﻳﺮﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات ﻳﺎ و ﺎﺑﺮ،ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲﺑـﻪ آﺳﻴﺐ اﺟ ـﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲـﮔ ـﻢـدرﻫ ،ـﺪﻣﺎتـﺧ و ـﺎـﻫ ـﺸﺖـﻣﻌﻴ ـﻪـﺑ ـﻴﺐـآﺳ ،ـﺎـﻫ ـﻲـداراﻳﺘـﺼـاﻗﺘ و ـﺎﻋﻲـﻤـﺎيـﻫ ـﻴﺐـآﺳ ـﺎـﻳ و ﺎدي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖﺑﺎﺷﺪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻪ را. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاتﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي درﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪهدرون-زﻣﻴﻨﻲﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ،:و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر و ﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ،ﻫﺎ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داد ﺑﺮونآﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲو،ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮرانﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ژﺋﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي:و ﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﺟﺮﻳﺎنﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ و ﻫﺎﻫـﺎي و ،ﺳـﻄﺤﻲ رﻳـﺰش ،ﻫـﺎ راﻧـﺶ ﺻـﺨﺮه ،ﻫـﺎ راﻧـﺶ زﻣﻴﻦ ،ﻋﻤﺪهﮔـﺮدد ﻣـﻲ آوار و ﮔـﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﻳﻲ و ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬـﺎ.ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ آب-ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ)ﻫﻴﺪروﻣﺘﺮوﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ(ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖﻣﻬﻤﻲﺑﺮايﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ اﻳﻦ از ﺑﺮﺧﻲﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.ﺳﻮﺑـﺮاي ﻫـﺎ ﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ دﺷﻮار ﺑﻨﺪي ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻫﺮ ،زﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮارد اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪزﻳﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻟﺮزهدرزﻣـ روﻳﺪادﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ و ﻳﺎﻳﻲﻴﻦﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ آﻏﺎزﮔﺮدﻛﻪ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻃﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﻳﻚ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻪآﺷﻜﺎر و ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ آﺑﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ا ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎيي(Greenhouse gases ) ﺟﻮ دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺎزي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﻢ و ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻫﻢ ،ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺗﻤﺎس و ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮطو ﺟـﺎذب ﻛـﻪ ، ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻣﺎدون ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺷـﻮد ﻣـﻲ اﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ و اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺧﻮد ،زﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ.ﺑـﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرتدﻳﮕﺮا و ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻮ ﮔﺎزي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮو ﺟـﺬب را اﺑﺮﻫـﺎ و ﺟـﻮ ،زﻣـﻴﻦ ﻓﺮاﺳـﺮخ ﺗـﺎﺑﺶ ﻛـﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺴﺎن ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ.
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ﺻﻔﺤﻪ23از34© UNISDR 2009 ﺗﻔــﺴﻴﺮ
و ﺷــﺮح:ﺑــﻴﻦ ﻫﻴــﺎت ﺑــﻪ ﻣﺮﺑــﻮط ﺗﻌﺮﻳــﻒ اﻳــﻦاﻟــﺪوﻟﻲاﻗﻠﻴﻤــﻲ و ﻫــﻮاﻳﻲ و آب ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮات(IPCC) ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ.ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦﮔﺎزﻫﺎياي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ(GHG)از ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ:ﻧﻴﺘـﺮو اﻛـﺴﻴﺪ ،ﻛـﺮﺑﻦ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ دي ،آب ﺑﺨﺎرو ﻣﺘـﺎن ، اوزون. ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهﻳﺎﺧﻄﺮ (Hazard) ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك وﺿﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ،ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ،ﭘﺪﻳﺪهاﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﻪﺟﺮاﺣﺖ ،ﺟﺎﻧﻲ آﺳﻴﺐو ﻫﺎﺳﺎﻳﺮﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات ﻳﺎ اﺟ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ درﻫﻢ ،ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻴﺐ ،ﻫﺎ داراﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻴﺐ ،ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲﺘﻳﺎ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ را ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي آﺳﻴﺐﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ را ﮔﺮدد ﺳﺒﺐ و داﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه. ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮح:ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاتﻫﺎي دﻏﺪﻏﻪ و ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮﻛﺎﻫﺶﺑﺤﺮان ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﻫﻤﺎنﺷﻤﺎره ﭘﺎورﻗﻲ در ﻛﻪ اي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ 3ﻛﺎري ﭼﺎرﭼﻮبآﻣﺪه ﻫﻴﻮﮔﻮ،ﻋﺒﺎرتاﺳﺖاز"...و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات و ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاتﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮيﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ زﻳﺴﺖﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ و ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ."ﺑﺮﺧ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاﺗﻲ ﭼﻨﻴﻦﻮﺗﻨﻮ از اﺳﺘﻪ،ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ،ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ از ﻋﻲ آبﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ،ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس ،ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ و)ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ(،و ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ در اوﻗﺎت ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﻪﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺘ ﻧﻈﺮ در ،ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ﻪ.ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻃﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ،ﻓﻨﻲ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت در رﺧﺪاد ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ اﺣﺘﻤﺎلﺑﺎﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺪتﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﻳﺎ و ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻫﺎي داده از ﻛﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ ﮔﺮدد ﻣﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ و ﺷﺪه داده ﺷﺮح ،اﺳﺖ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ. و ﺳﺎﻳﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﻳﺎ و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اژﮔﺎن)زﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ(ﻧﺎﻣﻪ واژه در را)ﺣﺎﺿﺮ(ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ. ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات)ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ(ﺷﻨﺎ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ،ﺧﺘﻲ،ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهآب-ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ )ﻫﻴﺪروﻣﺘﺮوﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ(،ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه،ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهاﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ-،ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ)ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ( ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهآب-ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻫﻮا (Hydro meteorological hazard) ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ از اي ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻳﺎ و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ،اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮيﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ آب)ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ(اﺳـﺖ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس ﻳﺎ و ﺟﺮاﺣﺖ ،ﺟﺎﻧﻲ آﺳﻴﺐو ﻫﺎﺑ آﺳﻴﺐ ،ﻫﺎ داراﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻴﺐ ،ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات ﻳﺎدر ،ﺧـﺪﻣﺎت و ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺸﺖ ﻪﻫـﻢ اﺟ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲﺘﺷـﺎﻣﻞ را ﮔـﺮدد ﺳـﺒﺐ و داﺷـﺘﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه ﺑـﻪ را ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ زﻳـﺴﺖ ﻫـﺎي آﺳـﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ.
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