Global Warming Effects on Humas. Credits go to the original owner.

1. Global Warming’s Effect On Humans

2. Extreme Weather Rising Sea Levels Increase in Disease Agriculture Economic One Immediate Consequence MANY EFFECTS Global Rise In Temperature “Even the best case scenario suggests substantially more warming over the next century than we have observed over the past 100 years” – Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change

3. Global Warming: Effects of Weather on Humans

4. Wind Patterns Walker circulation huge loop across the Pacific (east to west); air rises in western Pacific; returns eastward at altitude of a few miles; sinks back to surface and starts loop again. Peru and Ecuador Computer simulations

5. Changes in Precipitation El Niño rainfall in the southern USA and western South America shows an increase inthe amount of precipitation falling in the next 100 years

6. Heat Waves is an extended interval of abnormally hot and usually humid weather lasts from a few days to over a week. will become more frequent and more intense. European heat wave of 2003 in France nearly 20,000 people died South Australian heat wave of 2006 July 2006, USA County of Los Angeles

7. “Since 1980, the earth has experienced 19 of its 20 hottest years on record, with 2005 and 1998 tied for the hottest and 2002 and 2003 coming in second and third.” -Natural Resources Defense Council

8. Droughts El Niño Indonesia, Malaysia and elsewhere in the western Pacific. Desertification biodiversity loss 1928-1930, northwest China resulted in over 3 million deaths. 1936, Sichuan Province, China worst drought in the modern history 34 million farmers were relocated and 25 million people starved

9. Wildfires Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon In 2002, they experienced the second worst wildfire season in the last 50 years. More than 7 million acres burned.

10. Tropical Cyclones A tropical cyclone is a warm-core, low pressure system that develops over the tropical or subtropical waters Also known as hurricanes or typhoons

11. Floods Flooding will occur due to rising sea levels from increased precipitation and melting glaciers. Eroded sea shores as consequence

14. Localized Rise in Water levels In an Ice-Jam, Alaska Waters Rise 15 Feet in 24 Hours

16. Rise in Sea Levels

22. A 40cm rise in Sea-level People at risk; 22–29 million by the 2020s, 50–80 million by 2050s, and 88–241 million by the 2080s (Nicholls et al., 1999). 70-90% located in Africa, Mediterranean, Asia, And small Island States Est. 30 Billion in land loss, USA, Zeidler (1997)

23. Climate Change and Related Health Effects

24. Overview of Effects

25. Direct Effects: Heat Extremes Elevated temperatures during summer months are associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Conservative estimates are that , on average, 240 heat related-deaths occur annually in the United States (McGeehin et al. 2001). The most common cause of death and most acute illness directly attributable to heat is heat stroke. Other causes of death observed to increase following heat waves include ischemic heart disease, diabetes, stroke, respiratory disease, accidents, violence, suicide, and homicide (McGeehin et al. 2001).

26. Direct Effects: Heat Extremes

27. Indirect Effects: Air Experimental studies have found substantial increases in pollen production resulting from exposure to increased CO2 concentration. Climate change has received little attention for its potential in altering the burden of non-communicable disease such as asthma (Beggs et al. 2005). Climate change may affect exposures to air pollutants by a) affecting weather and thereby local and regional pollution concentrations; b) affecting anthropogenic emissions, including adaptive responses involving increased fuel combustion for power generation; c) affecting natural sources of air pollutant emissions; and d ) changing the distribution and types of aeroallergens (Bernard et al. 2001).

28. Indirect Effects: Water Xavier Rodo, a physical scientist of the University of Barcelona, and his colleagues have described a relationship between cholera and the El Nino/ Southern Oscillation patterns in Bangladesh from 1983 to 2001. The team found that ENSO, which causes warmer equatorial Pacific Ocean temperatures, was responsible for more than 70% of cholera mortality and morbidity (Weinhold 2004).

29. Indirect Effects: Mosquito-Borne Disease In the United States, the disappearance of malaria, dengue, and other mosquito-borne diseases was largely due to changes in lifestyles and living conditions. Given that living standards do not change drastically, such factors will remain dominant (Gubler et al. 2001).

30. Mosquito-Borne Diseases: Dengue Laboratory research found that replication rates in Dengue fever rose directly with increases in temperature. Models have been created to explore the influence of temperature on the virus. The models suggested that relatively small increases in temperature in temperate climates should increase potential for epidemics (Gubler et al. 2001).

31. Mosquito-Borne Diseases: Malaria Incidence and prevalence of malaria may be limited by altitude, and consequently also temperature; yet malaria transmission relies on several other factors. Changes in rainfall due to El Nino events are linked to variability in incidents of malaria (Gubler et al. 2001). Some biologic modeling of potential impact of climate variables, primarily temperature increases, on malaria as done on a global scale project net increases in the geographic area and season for potential malaria transmission. However, a statistical empirical model approach found no significant net change in malaria projected for the year 2080 (Gubler et al. 2001).

33. Agricultural Effects On Humans

42. Projected Temperature Increase Global temperatures will rise by 1.5oC to 4.5oC under the scenario of a doubling of CO2 from preindustrial levels which is likely to be reached by 2030

44. Decreased milk production

45. Reproduction decreases due to heat stress lowering the fertility rate

47. The Impact of Global Warming on the Economy Wealth is distributed according to climate

49. Change in GDP due to climate change 2010 2100

50. Real Estate (and Agriculture) Industry and population are likely to follow food production, water resources, and pleasant weather (moderate temperatures and low risks of natural disasters) Assuming a rise in temperature and shift in climate Warm, low-altitude real estate value would drop. Cold, high-altitude real estate value would rise. Coastal property could disappear altogether. A favoring of cold, high-altitude land might increase the gap between rich and poor.

51. Stern Review “Climate change may initially have small positive effects for a few developed countries, but is likely to be very damaging for the much higher temperature increases expected by mid- to late-century under BAU conditions.” In higher-latitude regions, 2-3˚C means higher crop yields, lower energy requirements In lower-latitude regions, higher temperatures means lower crop yields and water availability Example: Southern Europe 2˚C increase in temp = 20% decline in agriculture yields and water Heat waves like 2003 ($15 billion crop losses) will be common by 2050.

52. Natural Disasters World-Wide U.S. in 2003: $65 billion U.S. in 2004: $145 billion Economic damage 1985-1999 The world’s wealthiest countries 57.3% of economic losses 2.5% of GDP The world’s poorest countries 24.4% of economic losses 13.4% of GDP These numbers will of course increase along with an increase in natural disasters IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report: More than 66% certainty of increase in droughts, tropical cyclones, and extreme high tides.

53. IPCC 2001

54. Example: Alaska Coastal erosion, floods, and melting permafrost causes high costs by requiring Build new buildings Build new bridges and roads Lay new pipelines Repair power grids

55. Total Costs Stern Review: Business-as-usual: 5-20% GDP Mitigate: 1% GDP UN’s IPCC: trying to reverse global warming will be cheaper than business-as-usual.