1. LITERATURE REVIEW?
The Literature Review examines recent research studies,
company data or industry report that act as a basis for
proposed study.
The section begins with the related literature and
relevant secondary data from a comprehensive
perspective moving to more specific studies, that are
associated with the research problem.

2. Literature Review
 A Literature Review is summary of research
that has been published about a particular subject.
 It provides the reader with an idea about the
current situation in terms of what has been done
and what we know.
 Sometimes it includes suggestions about what needs
to be done to increase the knowledge and
understanding of a particular problem.

3. Review of Literature ?
 A Literature Review is an account of what has been
published on a topic by accredited scholars and
researchers.
 As a piece of writing, the Literature Review must be
defined by a guiding concept e.g. your research
objective, the problem or issue you are discussing
etc.

4. Literature Review?
 Besides enlarging your knowledge about the topic,
Literature Review lets you gain and demonstrate
skills in two areas:
 Information seeking : The ability to scan the
literature efficiently using manual or computerized
methods to identify a set of useful articles and
books
 Critical appraisal : The ability to apply principles
and analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies.

5. What Literature Review
should do ?
 Be organized around and related directly to the
research problem.
 Synthesize results into a summary of what is and
what is not
 Identify areas of controversy in the literature.
 Formulate question that need further research.

6. Ask these questions
 What is the specific thesis or research question that
my Literature Review helps me to define?
 What type of Literature Review am I conducting?
Am I looking at issues of theory? Methodology?
Quantitative research or Qualitative research?
 What is the scope of Literature Review? What type
of publications am I using ?What discipline am I
working in?

7. Ask these Questions
 How good was my information seeking? Has my
search been wide enough to ensure I have found all
the relevant material? Is number of sources I have
used appropriate for the length of my research?
 Have I critically analyzed the literature I use? Do I
follow through a set of concepts and questions,
comparing items to each other in the ways they deal
with them?

8. Ask these Questions
 How I cited and discussed studies contrary to my
perspective?
 Will the reader find my literature review relevant,
appropriate and useful?

9. Literature Review
 If the problem has historical background, begin with
the earliest references
 Avoid the extraneous details of literature.
 Do a brief review of information, not a
comprehensive report.
 Always refer to original source.
 If you find something of interest in a quotation find
the original publication and ensure that you
understand it.

10. Literature Review
 This will help you to avoid any errors of
interpretation or transcription.
 Emphasize the important results of cohesions of
other studies.
 The relevant data and trends from previous
research.
 Whether particular methods or designs that could
be duplicated or should be avoided.

11. Literature Review
 Discuss how the literature applies to the study the
researcher is proposing.
 Show weaknesses or faults in the design.
 If your proposal solely deals with secondary data,
discuss the relevance of the data and the bias or
lack of bias inherent in it.
 The Literature Review may also explain the need for
the proposed work to appraise the shortcomings
and or informational gaps in secondary data
analysis.

12. Literature Review
 The above analysis may go beyond ------
--- Scrutinizing the availability or conclusions of
past studies and their data.
---- Examining the accuracy of secondary data
sources
----- The credibility of these sources.
----- The appropriateness of earlier studies.

13. Literature Review
 The articles used must be from professional journals,
which means we can trust that the authors are
trained professionals and others have examined
their work.
 Be sure you feel comfortable with your choices
,since it is difficult to summarize ideas that you don’t
understand.
 Once you have found the articles, read and take
notes.
 Write Literature Review from your notes.

14. Literature Review
 Close Literature Review section by summarizing the
important aspects of the literature and interpreting
them in terms of your problem.
 Refine the problem as necessary in the light of your
findings.

15. Literature Review
 In general Literature search has the following steps :
 Define your research question.
 Consult encyclopedia, handbooks and textbooks to
identify key terms, people or events relevant to
your research problem.
 Apply these key terms, people or events in
searching indexes, biographies and the work to
identify specific secondary data.

16. Literature Review
 Locate and review specific secondary sources for
relevance.
 Evaluate the value of each source and its content.

17. Literature Review Chapter
 A Literature Review chapter usually has three
sections :
1.Introduction : Introduce your topic and briefly
explain why this literature is significant or important
for study.

18. Literature Review Chapter
2.Summary of articles:
 In a paragraph or two for each study, briefly
explain the purpose, how it was conducted and the
major findings.
 When referring to an article, use last name of
author or authors and date of publication in the
text.

19. Literature Review Chapter
3.Conclusions : Briefly summarize the major findings
of studies chosen.
 References : List the studies used on a separate
page according to APA style format.