UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024
3º ESO unit 5 Grammar Present Perfect
1. GRAMMAR UNIT 5
Signal Words of Present Perfect
already, ever, just, never,
yet, for , since
2. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
It has just started raining
They’ve already read that book
It’s 0:00 and Peter still hasn’t come
Juan hasn't proposed to Jenny yet.
She has lived here for twenty years.
I have worked here since 1990.
Have you ever seen an unicorn?No, I’ve never
seen one
3. I HAVE / SHE HAS +
just …
For actions that have happened RECENTLY.
•Maria has just finished her homework
•They have just come from the supermarket
•It has just started raining
I HAVE / SHE HAS +
already
We use "already" to express actions that have happened, often earlier
than expected , but we don’t know when
•I have already done my homework
•Blas has already watched “Transformers” the movie
•They’ve already read that book
TAKE A LOOK AT
THE STRUCTURE
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + ALREADY/JUST + PARTICIPLE
4. I HAVEN’T / SHE HASN’T + PAST PART. +
yet…
(and QUESTIONS.. )
We use yet for negative sentences and questions. It
is used for actions that you think have happened
and to express expectations.
- Have you eaten at "Friday's" yet? (you can’t believe it)
- I haven't been to Europe yet. (But I expect to go there)
- Has Matilda been to New York yet?
- Have you studied for the test yet?
- Juan hasn't proposed to Jenny yet. TAKE A LOOK
AT
THE STRUCTURE
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS NOT + PARTICIPLE + YET
HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + PARTICIPLE + YET ?
5. Still + PRESENT PERFECT
It has the same meaning as YET but they are placed at
different places in the sentence.
STILL is placed before HAVE/HAS
I still haven‘t visited London.
YET is placed at the end of the sentence
I haven‘t visited London yet.
• I’ve been waiting for over an hour and the bus still hasn’t
come.
• You promised to give me that report yesterday and you
still haven’t finished it.
It is often used with other tenses as well as the present perfect.
I’ve still got all those letters you sent me.
Are you still working in the bookshop?
6. affirmative sentences
Dad’s just washed up
He finished a few minutes ago
Dad’s already washed up
It’s done but we don’t know when
negative sentences
Dad still hasn’t washed up
Dad hasn’t washed up yet
The dirty plates are still in the sink
questions
Has Dad washed up yet?
You want to know
7. Imagine your mother has asked you if
you have made your bed. You have
several possible answers.
Mother‘s question: Have you made your bed yet?
• Your answer 1: No, I haven‘t made it yet. I‘m sorry.
• Your answer 2: No, I still haven‘t made it. I‘m sorry.
• Your answer 3: Yes, I have already made it. Stop
bothering me!
• Your answer 4: I have just made it. Can‘t you see?
9. Period of time vs A point in time
…six years
…a week
…a month
…hours
…two hours
…a few days
…this morning
…last week
…yesterday
…I was a child
…Wednesday
…2 o'clock.
…last year
…June 8th
…I met you
10. PRESENT PERFECT +
for
• We use for with a period of time:
For
six years
a week
a month
hours
two hours
•I have worked here for five years.
•She has lived here for twenty years.
a few days,
•We have taught at this school for a long time.
•Alice has been married for three months.
•They have been at the hotel for a week.
11. PRESENT PERFECT +
since
• Since + a point in time
since
this morning
last week
yesterday
I was a child
Wednesday
2 o'clock.
•I have worked here since 1990.
last year
•She has lived here since she was a child.
June 8th
•We have taught at this school since February
I met you
•Alice has been married since March 2nd.
•They have been at the hotel since last Tuesday.
12. the 70s ten centuries last weekend
Ten seconds
Christmas Eve
a decade
I finished school
a couple of days
My birthday
a long time
I was a boy
the last month
fifteen years
the accident
we bought this house
a month
I met you a millennium
August
then
13. For + a period of time
a millennium
ten seconds
a long time
a decade
a couple of days
ten centuries
fifteen years
a month
•
Since + a point in time
we bought this house
I met you
then
the accident
the last month
last weekend
Christmas Eve
I finished school
my birthday
the 70s
I was a boy
August
14. Ever
It means "at any time." One of its uses is in questions:
• Have you ever seen a double rainbow?
• Has Jim ever been late for work?
• Have Julie and her boyfriend ever had a fight?
Never
It means "not at any time." Its main use is in negative statements:
• They've never arrived late.
• She's never fought with her boyfriend.
• Bob's never smoked.
15. ALREADY
Summing up
JUST
YET
Negative
sentences
and
question
STILL
Time
expressions
I’ve already made my bed
She has just come from
Paris
Aun ,
todavia …
I haven’t read the book yet
Negative
sentences
FOR
Acabar de…
Ya…
Affirmative
sentences
I still haven’t read it
Durante …
They’ve lived here for 3
months
SINCE
Desde …
We have had this dog since
June
EVER
Alguna vez
…
Have you ever eaten turtle?
NEVER
Nunca…
No, I have never eaten it
17. Past simple vs Present Perfect
• I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago Certain time in the
past
• I have just phoned Mary.
Its’s related with the present
He went to Canada last summer. Certain event in the
past
Have you ever been to Canada? / I have been
to Canada twice.
I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in
Emphasis on the action
the past.)
I have bought a new bike. (With this sentence I
actually want to express that I have a new bike
now.)
Emphasis on the result
18. • Jack grew a beard but now he has shaved it
off.
• They went out after lunch and they have just
come back
• I went to bed early last night.
• They arrived at the party an hour ago.
19. Do not use the present perfect if there is no
connection with the present (for example,
things that happened a long time ago):
• The Chinese invented printing.
• How many plays did Shakespeare write?
Compare these sentences
Shakespeare wrote many plays.
My sister is a writer. She has written many
books.
20. We use the present perfect to give new information
or to announce a recent happening:
• Ow! I have cut my finger!
• The police have arrested two men in connection
with the robbery.
21. Compare present perfect and past
simple:
Present perfect
We use the present perfect for a
period of time that continues
from the past until now.
For example, today, this week, since
1985.
• It hasn’t rained this week.
• Have you seen Ann recently?
• Tom lives in London. He has lived
there for seven years.
• I have never played golf.
Past simple
We use the past simple for a
finished time in the past.
For example, yesterday, last week,
from 1985 to 1991.
• It didn’t rain last week.
• Did you see Ann on Sunday?
• Tom lived in Scotland for ten
years. Now he lives in London.
• I didn’t play golf when I was on
holiday last summer.
22. PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
• TIME EXPRESSIONS
TIME EXPRESSIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Already
Just
Yet
Never
Ever
How long…?
For
Since
Yesterday
In 2005
Last night
Last week
Last month
Last Monday ….
A week/two hours/some
years AGO
• When
http://www.eslgamesplus.com/present-perfect-vs-past-tenses-rally/
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/ppvpast1.htm
23. Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or
wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
• How many plays has Shakespeare written?
DID SHAKESPEARE WRITE
• Have you read any of Shakespeare’s play?
• Aristotle has been a Greek philosopher.
RIGHT
WAS
• Ow! I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding. RIGHT
• My grandparents have got married in London.
GOT
•
• Where have you been born?
WERE YOU BORN
• Mary isn’t at home. She’s gone shopping
RIGHT
24. Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or
wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I’ve bought a new car. Do you want to see it?
RIGHT
I’ve bought a new car last week.
BOUGHT
Where have you been yesterday evening?
WERE YOU
Jenny has left school in 1991.
LEFT
I’m looking for Mike. Have you seen him?
RIGHT
I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten anything today.
RIGHT
Diane hasn’t been at work yesterday.
WASN’T
When has this book been published?
WAS THIS BOOK
25. Put the verb into the correct form,
present perfect or past simple.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
GOT
WAS
When I _____________ (get) home last night, I ______________
WENT
(be) very tired and I ______________ (go) straight to bed.
Your car looks very clean. HAVE YOU WASHED (you/wash) it?
_________________
WASN’T
George ______________ (not/be) very well last week.
HAS WORKED
Mr Clark ______________ (work) in this bank for 15 years.
HAS LIVED
Molly lives in Dublin. She ______________ (live) there for all her
life.
DID YOU GO
‘______________ (you/go) to the cinema last night?’ ‘Yes, but it
WAS
WAS
______________ (be) a mistake. The film ______________ (be)
awful.’
My grandfather ______________ (die) 30 years ago. I
DIED
DIDN’T MEET
______________ (not meet) him.
HAVE NEVER MET
I don’t know Carol’s husband. I ______________
(never/meet/him).
