SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 40
NORMAS Y ESPECIFICACIONES
2012
NORMA DE ACCESIBILIDAD
VOLUMEN 3 HABITABILIDAD Y FUNCIONAMIENTO- TOMO 2
PARA ESTUDIOS, PROYECTOS, CONSTRUCCIÓN
E INSTALACIONES
92/80(1 
7202 ,,
+$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG
0DR 
3iJ 1
92/80(1  +$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
7202 ,, 1250$ '( $(6,%,/,'$'
Ì1',(
 2%-(7,92
 '(),1,,21(6
 ',6(f2  $3/,$,Ð1
 5HTXHULPLHQWRV  ULWHULRV GH 'LVHxR
 $SOLFDFLyQ 1RUPDWLYD
 21(372 '( ',6(f2 81,9(56$/
 $1752320(75Ì$
 (VSDFLRV GH 0DQLREUDV
 'LPHQVLRQHV %iVLFDV SDUD ,QGLYLGXRV HQ 6LOODV GH 5XHGDV
 $(626
 3XHUWDV
 6DOLGDV GH (PHUJHQFLD
 ,58/$,21(6  587$6 $(6,%/(6
 5XWDV $FFHVLEOHV
 LUFXODFLRQHV +RUL]RQWDOHV
 3LVRV  3DWLRV
 *XtDV HQ SLVR SDUD FRQGXFFLyQ GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 9LVXDO
 'HVFULSFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD  ULWHULRV *HQHUDOHV GH OD *XtD 7iFWLO
 $QGDGRUHV  %DQTXHWDV
 3DVLOORV
 2EVWiFXORV )LMRV D OD 3DUHG
92/80(1 
7202 ,,
+$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG
0DR 
3iJ 2
 LUFXODFLRQHV 9HUWLFDOHV
 7LSRV GH HOHPHQWRV  HTXLSRV
 5DPSDV
 5DPSDV GH %DQTXHWD
 (VFDOHUDV
 (OHYDGRUHV  3ODWDIRUPDV
 (OHYDGRUHV
 3ODWDIRUPD SDUD VLOOD GH UXHGDV
 /2$/(6  6(59,,26
 'LVSRVLFLRQHV JHQHUDOHV SDUD ORFDOHV  VHUYLFLRV
 $XODV
 /DERUDWRULRV  7DOOHUHV
 %LEOLRWHFDV
 $XGLWRULRV
 RFLQHWDV
 RPHGRUHV
 'RUPLWRULRV
 6DQLWDULRV
 ,QRGRUR
 0LQJLWRULR
 /DYDER
 9HVWLGRUHV
 5HJDGHUDV
 (VWDFLRQDPLHQWRV
 6,0%2/2*Ì$
 6LPERORJtD HQ ODV 9tDV ([WHULRUHV
 6LPERORJtD SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO
 %UDLOOH
 $OWR 5HOLHYH
 0DFURWLSRV  RQWUDVWH
 DUDFWHUtVWLFDV *HQHUDOHV GH 6LPERORJtD SDUD /HWUHURV
 /HWUHURV
 3527(,Ð1 ,9,/
 5()(5(1,$6
$*5$'(,0,(1726
$O RQVHMR 1DFLRQDO SDUD ODV 3HUVRQDV FRQ 'LVFDSDFLGDG /LEUH
$FFHVR $  'LVFDSDFLWDGRV 9LVXDOHV ,$3 FRQ FXD YDOLRVD
SDUWLFLSDFLyQ IXH HODERUDGD HVWD QRUPD WpFQLFD HQ XQ WUDEDMR GH
HVIXHU]R FRQMXQWR  GH XQLGDG HQWUH WRGDV ODV SDUWHV
92/80(1 
7202 ,,
+$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG
0DR 
3iJ 3
 2%-(7,92
3URPRYHU OD DFFHVLELOLGDG HQ OD LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD ItVLFD HGXFDWLYD
SDUD OD DWHQFLyQ GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG
 '(),1,,21(6
RQ EDVH HQ OD RQYHQFLyQ 6REUH ORV 'HUHFKRV GH ODV 3HUVRQDV
FRQ 'LVFDSDFLGDG  HQ ODV DFWXDOL]DFLRQHV D ODV 1RUPDV GH
'LVFDSDFLGDG TXH HVWiQ UHDOL]DQGR ODV 'HSHQGHQFLDV GHO
*RELHUQR )HGHUDO VH GHILQHQ DVSHFWRV TXH VH WLHQHQ TXH
FRQVLGHUDU SDUD VX DSOLFDFLyQ GH PDQHUD HILFLHQWH HQ HO GLVHxR
 FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH OD LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD HGXFDWLYD
D
$FFHVLELOLGDG RPELQDFLyQ GH HOHPHQWRV FRQVWUXFWLYRV 
RSHUDWLYRV TXH SHUPLWHQ D ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG
HQWUDU GHVSOD]DUVH RULHQWDUVH  FRPXQLFDUVH FRQ XQ XVR
VHJXUR DXWyQRPR  FyPRGR HQ ORV HVSDFLRV FRQVWUXLGRV
HQ HO PRELOLDULR  HQ HO HTXLSR
E
$MXVWHV 5D]RQDEOHV 6H HQWHQGHUiQ ODV PRGLILFDFLRQHV 
DGDSWDFLRQHV QHFHVDULDV  DGHFXDGDV TXH QR LPSRQJDQ
XQD FDUJD GHVSURSRUFLRQDGD R LQGHELGD FXDQGR VH
UHTXLHUDQ HQ XQ FDVR SDUWLFXODU SDUD JDUDQWL]DU D ODV
SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG HO JRFH R HMHUFLFLR HQ
LJXDOGDG GH FRQGLFLRQHV FRQ ODV GHPiV GH WRGRV ORV
GHUHFKRV KXPDQRV  OLEHUWDGHV IXQGDPHQWDOHV
F
$XGD 7pFQLFD 'LVSRVLWLYRV WHFQROyJLFRV  PDWHULDOHV TXH
SHUPLWHQ KDELOLWDU UHKDELOLWDU R FRPSHQVDU XQD R PiV
OLPLWDFLRQHV IXQFLRQDOHV PRWULFHV VHQVRULDOHV R
LQWHOHFWXDOHV GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG
G
'LVFDSDFLGDG 'HILFLHQFLD ItVLFD PHQWDO R VHQVRULDO D
VHD SRU QDWXUDOH]D SHUPDQHQWH R WHPSRUDO TXH OLPLWD D
ODV SHUVRQDV HQ OD FDSDFLGDG GH HMHUFHU XQD R PiV
DFWLYLGDGHV HVHQFLDOHV GH OD YLGD GLDULD TXH SXHGH VHU
FDXVDGD R DJUDYDGD SRU HO HQWRUQR HFRQyPLFR R VRFLDO
H
%DUUHUDV 7RGR DTXHOOR TXH LPSLGD HO OLEUH GHVSOD]DPLHQWR
R PRYLOLGDG  TXH FRQVWLWXD XQ SHOLJUR SDUD OD VHJXULGDG
GH ODV SHUVRQDV
I
5XWD $FFHVLEOH DPLQR R UHFRUULGR GHVLJQDGR TXH VLJXHQ R
GHEHQ VHJXLU ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG
 ',6(f2  $3/,$,Ð1
 5(48(5,0,(1726  5,7(5,26 '( ',6(f2
/D IRUPXODFLyQ GH ODV UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV VH UHDOL]y D SDUWLU GH ORV
VLJXLHQWHV FULWHULRV JHQHUDOHV
D
'HILQLU PHGLGDV  FULWHULRV SDUD HO GLVHxR GH HVSDFLRV 
PRELOLDULR TXH JDUDQWLFHQ HO XVR  DFFHVR D XQ Q~PHUR
FDGD YH] PiV DPSOLR GH SHUVRQDV
E
*DUDQWL]DU OD FRQWLQXLGDG GH UXWDV OLEUHV GH REVWiFXORV DO
LQWHULRU GH ODV HGLILFDFLRQHV  HVSDFLRV DELHUWRV GH XVR
S~EOLFR  SULYDGR
F
,QWHJUDU UXWDV DFFHVLEOHV GHVGH HO H[WHULRU SDUD TXH ORV
XVXDULRV LQJUHVHQ OLEUHPHQWH  FRQ VHJXULGDG KDVWD HO
SXQWR GHVHDGR 6H WUDGXFH HQ SHUPLWLU OD DFFHVLELOLGDG
GHVGH EDQTXHWDV SDUDGDV GH DXWREXVHV
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWRV  GHPiV OXJDUHV TXH VLUYDQ GH
LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD DX[LOLDU DO LQPXHEOH HGXFDWLYR
G
7HQGHU KDFLD XQ 'LVHxR 8QLYHUVDO LQFOXHQWH SDUD WRGD OD
SREODFLyQ QR VHJUHJDWLYR R H[FOXVLYR SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ
GLVFDSDFLGDG
 $3/,$,Ð1 1250$7,9$
/RV FULWHULRV GHILQLGRV HQ HVWD 1RUPD VHUiQ DSOLFDEOHV
D
(Q OD HODERUDFLyQ GH SURHFWRV HMHFXWLYRV DVt FRPR
GXUDQWH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ PDQWHQLPLHQWR HTXLSDPLHQWR
UHKDELOLWDFLyQ UHIRU]DPLHQWR UHFRQVWUXFFLyQ 
KDELOLWDFLyQ GH LQPXHEOHV H LQVWDODFLRQHV GHVWLQDGRV DO
VHUYLFLR GH OD ,1)(
92/80(1 
7202 ,,
+$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG
0DR 
3iJ 4
E
(Q DSHJR D OD /H *HQHUDO SDUD OD ,QFOXVLyQ GH ODV
3HUVRQDV FRQ 'LVFDSDFLGDG OD DGHFXDFLyQ GH ODV
LQVWDODFLRQHV S~EOLFDV VHUi SURJUHVLYD
 21(372 '( ',6(f2 81,9(56$/
'HILQLFLyQ 'LVHxR GH SURGXFWRV  HQWRUQRV SDUD VHU XVDGRV
SRU WRGDV ODV SHUVRQDV DO Pi[LPR SRVLEOH VLQ DGDSWDFLRQHV R
QHFHVLGDG GH XQ GLVHxR HVSHFLDOL]DGR (VWH FRQFHSWR
FRPSUHQGH XQD GHILQLFLyQ PiV DPSOLD GH OR TXH VH FRQRFH
FRPR DFFHVLELOLGDG SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG $EDUFD
TXH ORV HQWRUQRV SURGXFWRV  VHUYLFLRV TXH VH RIUHFHQ 
XVDPRV HQ QXHVWUD YLGD GLDULD VXPDQGR HO DFFHVR D ODV
WHFQRORJtDV GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ  ODV FRPXQLFDFLRQHV GHEHQ GH
HVWDU GLVSRQLEOHV SDUD WRGRV HQ LJXDOGDG GH FRQGLFLRQHV FRPR
SDUWH HVHQFLDO SDUD OD DGHFXDGD LQWHJUDFLyQ GH ORV GLYHUVRV
JUXSRV GH OD VRFLHGDG
(VWH FRQFHSWR EXVFD TXH ORV HQWRUQRV GHVGH VX GLVHxR
LQFOXDQ XQR R PiV GH ORV VLJXLHQWHV SULQFLSLRV
 8VR HTXLWDWLYR 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV SXHGDQ VHU XVDGRV SRU
SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVWLQWDV FDSDFLGDGHV ItVLFDV
 8VR IOH[LEOH 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV VH DFRPRGHQ D XQ DPSOLR
UDQJR GH SUHIHUHQFLDV  KDELOLGDGHV LQGLYLGXDOHV
 8VR VLPSOH H LQWXLWLYR 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV VHDQ IiFLOHV GH
HQWHQGHU VLQ LPSRUWDU OD H[SHULHQFLD FRQRFLPLHQWRV
KDELOLGDGHV GHO OHQJXDMH R QLYHO GH FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GHO
XVXDULR
 ,QIRUPDFLyQ SHUFHSWLEOH 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV WUDQVPLWDQ OD
LQIRUPDFLyQ QHFHVDULD DO XVXDULR SDUD VX GHVSOD]DPLHQWR
GH IRUPD HIHFWLYD VLQ LPSRUWDU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GHO PHGLR
DPELHQWH R VXV FDSDFLGDGHV VHQVRULDOHV
 7ROHUDQFLD DO HUURU 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV PLQLPLFHQ ULHVJRV 
FRQVHFXHQFLDV DGYHUVDV GH DFFLRQHV LQYROXQWDULDV R
DFFLGHQWDOHV
 0tQLPR HVIXHU]R ItVLFR 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV SXHGDQ VHU
XVDGRV FyPRGD  HILFLHQWHPHQWH PLQLPL]DQGR OD IDWLJD
$GHFXDGR WDPDxR GH DSUR[LPDFLyQ  XVR 4XH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV
GH ODV FRQVWUXFFLRQHV SURSRUFLRQHQ XQ WDPDxR  HVSDFLR
DGHFXDGR SDUD HO DFHUFDPLHQWR DOFDQFH PDQLSXODFLyQ  XVR GH
ORV VHUYLFLRV LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GHO WDPDxR FRUSRUDO SRVWXUD R
PRYLOLGDG GHO XVXDULR
 $1752320(75Ì$
RQ YLVWDV D XQ PHMRU GLVHxR LQWHUHVD FRQRFHU QR VyOR OD
DQWURSRPHWUtD TXH LQWHUYLHQH VLQR HO FRQMXQWR GH
FRQVLGHUDFLRQHV SDUD PHMRUDU OD DFFHVLELOLGDG /D SUHVHQFLD GH
SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG QRV OOHYD D FRQVLGHUDU QXHYDV
VROXFLRQHV FRQ UHODFLyQ D ODV EDUUHUDV ItVLFDV HQ ODV
LQVWDODFLRQHV GHVWLQDGDV D OD HGXFDFLyQ
(Q HVWH HVWXGLR QR VH SRGUiQ LJQRUDU HOHPHQWRV TXH VLHPSUH YDQ
FRQVLJR FRPR VRQ VLOODV GH UXHGDV PXOHWDV DQGDGHUDV
EDVWRQHV  SHUURV JXtDV 3DUD OR FXDO VH GHEHUi WRPDU HQ FXHQWD
ODV GLPHQVLRQHV UHFRPHQGDGDV SDUD VX GHVSOD]DPLHQWR
 (63$,26 '( 0$1,2%5$
/D OLPLWDFLyQ GH OD SHUVRQD FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG PRWRUD UHGXFH
QRWDEOHPHQWH VX DFWLYLGDG DO WUDVODGDUVH DEULU  FHUUDU SXHUWDV
OHYDQWDUVH  VHQWDUVH 9HU ILJXUDV 1R D D OD M
/D KROJXUD TXH UHTXLHUH XQ XVXDULR TXH VH DXGD FRQ XQD
DQGDGRUD VH GHILQH SRU ODV GLPHQVLRQHV GHO GLVSRVLWLYR  VX
PpWRGR GH XWLOL]DFLyQ OD FXDO VHUi FRPR PtQLPR GH  FP
(O XVR GH PXOHWDV DOWHUD VLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWH OD IRUPD SDVR 
YHORFLGDG GHO XVXDULR /DV GLPHQVLRQHV TXH LQIOXHQ FRQ PiV
LQWHQVLGDG HQ OD KROJXUD VRQ RVFLODFLyQ FRQ PXOHWDV RVFLODFLyQ
GH ODV PXOHWDV DO DQGDU VHSDUDFLyQ GH PXOHWDV FXDQGR HO
XVXDULR HVWi GH SLH VHSDUDFLyQ PXOHWDFXHUSR /D GLPHQVLyQ
PtQLPD UHFRPHQGDGD VHUi  FP
$Vt PLVPR HV LPSRUWDQWH JDUDQWL]DU OD DFFHVLELOLGDG D SHUVRQDV
FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO TXH KDJDQ XVR GH SHUURV JXtD /D UXWD
92/80(1 
7202 ,,
+$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG
0DR 
3iJ 5
DFFHVLEOH GHEH RWRUJDU OD PDRU VHJXULGDG  OLEHUWDG SDUD TXH
HO ELQRPLR SHUVRQDSHUUR JXtD SXHGD DFFHGHU GHVGH  D
FXDOTXLHU VHUYLFLR GHO SODQWHO HGXFDWLYR
)LJXUD 1R D 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD XVDQGR PXOHWDV
)LJXUD 1R E 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD XVDQGR DQGDGHUD
)LJXUD 1R F 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD FRQ EDVWyQ
)LJXUD 1R G 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD FRQ SHUUR JXtD
92/80(1 
7202 ,,
+$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG
0DR 
3iJ 6
)LJXUD 1R H 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG
9LVXDO FRQ FRPSDxtD
)LJXUD 1R I 5DGLR GH *LUR GH VLOOD FRQ PRWRU
)LJXUD 1R J 'LPHQVLRQHV GH VLOOD FRQ PRWRU
)LJXUD 1R K 5RWDFLyQ D ž
92/80(1 
7202 ,,
+$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG
0DR 
3iJ 7
)LJXUD 1R L 5RWDFLyQ D ž
 ',0(16,21(6 %É6,$6 3$5$ ,1',9,'826 (1 6,//$6 '(
58('$6
3DUD GLPHQVLRQDU OD H[WHQVLyQ KROJXUD  GHPiV SDUiPHWURV HV
SUHFLVR HQJOREDU HO FRQMXQWR LQGLYLGXRVLOOD GH UXHGDV
SODQWHDPLHQWR TXH H[LJH FRQRFLPLHQWRV DFHUFD GH ODV
SHFXOLDULGDGHV GH HVWD ~OWLPD /DV ILJXUDV FRQWHPSODQ OD
DQWURSRPHWUtD SURPHGLR GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG
PRWUL] /D PHGLFLyQ GHO DOFDQFH HVWiQGDU VH WRPD FRQ OD HVSDOGD
HUJXLGD  HO LQGLYLGXR VHQWDGR VREUH XQ SODQR KRUL]RQWDO 9HU
ILJXUDV 1R D D OD G
(O HVSDFLR RFXSDGR SRU ORV XVXDULRV
GH VLOODV GH UXHGDV HVWDUi HQ UHODFLyQ FRQ OD HGDG  FRQ HO WLSR GH
DSDUDWR TXH XVHQ
)LJXUD 1R M 5RWDFLyQ D ž
)LJXUD 1R D 'LPHQVLRQHV SURPHGLR IURQWDOHV
92/80(1 
7202 ,,
+$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG
0DR 
3iJ 8
)LJXUD 1R F $OFDQFH HVWiQGDU
)LJXUD 1R G 'LPHQVLRQHV GH VLOOD FRQ PRWRU
 $(626
 38(57$6
D
/DV SXHUWDV GHEHQ WHQHU XQ DQFKR GH YDQR PtQLPR GH
 FP OLEUHV
E
/DV SXHUWDV VH DEDWLUiQ KDFLD DIXHUD
F
/DV SXHUWDV WHQGUiQ PDQLMDV WLSR SDODQFD D XQD DOWXUD GH
 FP GHO QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR /DV FKDSDV GH ODV
DXODV SRGUiQ VHUiQ FRQ SDVDGRU WLSR UHVEDOyQ
G
'HEH H[LVWLU HQ OXJDUHV YLVLEOHV VHxDOL]DFLyQ GH
DFFHVLELOLGDG SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG /DV
SXHUWDV HVWDUiQ PDUFDGDV FODUDPHQWH FRQ OHWUHUR  FRORU
FRQWUDVWDQWH  VHxDOL]DFLyQ %UDLOOH
)LJXUD 1R E 'LPHQVLRQHV SURPHGLR ODWHUDOHV
92/80(1 
7202 ,,
+$%,7$%,/,'$'  )81,21$0,(172
1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG
0DR 
3iJ 9
H
/DV SXHUWDV GH YLGULR GHEHQ FRQWDU FRQ YLGULR GH
VHJXULGDG WHPSODGR TXH FXPSOD FRQ OD 1RUPD 2ILFLDO
0H[LFDQD 1206),
I
/DV SXHUWDV GH YLGULR R FULVWDO FRQWDUiQ FRQ
SURWHFFLRQHV R HVWDUiQ VHxDOL]DGDV FRQ HOHPHQWRV TXH
LPSLGDQ HO FKRTXH GHO S~EOLFR FRQWUD HOODV
J
(O XVR GHO VtPEROR LQWHUQDFLRQDO SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ
GLVFDSDFLGDG HQ SXHUWDV VyOR VH FRORFDUi HQ DTXHOODV
SRU PHGLR GH ODV FXDOHV VH DFFHGD D ORFDOHV H[FOXVLYRV
SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG WDOHV FRPR VDQLWDULRV
DXODV  OXJDUHV KDELOLWDGRV SDUD VX DFFHVR DVt FRPR HQ
iUHDV H[WHULRUHV FRPR HV HO FDVR GH FDMRQHV GH
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
K
6L OD SXHUWD HV GH YLGULR GHEH FRQWDU FRQ XQD IUDQMD GH
VHJXULGDG TXH DXGH D LGHQWLILFDU OD H[LVWHQFLD GH pVWH
6H FRORFDUi XQD IUDQMD GH  FP GH FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH
HQPDUFDQGR ORV HOHPHQWRV DEDWLEOHV DVt FRPR GRV
KRUL]RQWDOHV D    FP GH DOWXUD VREUH QLYHO GH
SLVR WHUPLQDGR
L
6H FRORFDUi XQ ]RFOR PHWiOLFR FRQ XQD DOWXUD GH HQWUH
   FP GHO SLVR 6H GHEHUi FRORFDU XQD IUDQMD GH 
FP GH FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH HQPDUFDQGR ORV HOHPHQWRV
DEDWLEOHV DVt FRPR GRV KRUL]RQWDOHV D    FP GH
DOWXUD VREUH QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR 9HU ILJXUD 1R
D
)LJXUD 1R D 'HWDOOHV GH IUDQMDV GH VHJXULGDG
M
(Q SLVRV GHEH KDEHU FDPELR GH WH[WXUD GH  FP DQWHV 
GHVSXpV GH ODV SXHUWDV SULQFLSDOHV  GH  FP D ORV ODGRV
GH HVWiV
N
6H GHEH FRORFDU XQD WLUD WiFWLO GLULJLGD KDFLD HO FHQWUR GH
OD SXHUWD SULQFLSDO 9HU ILJXUD 1R E
)LJXUD 1R E 'HWDOOHV GH 3XHUWD 'REOH
120(1/$785$
$/20$1Ì$
$0%,2 '( 7(;785$ 2 $$%$'2
-$/$'(5$ '( %$55$

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Fisica de las Radiaciones Ionizantes en Radioterapia
Fisica de las Radiaciones Ionizantes en RadioterapiaFisica de las Radiaciones Ionizantes en Radioterapia
Fisica de las Radiaciones Ionizantes en RadioterapiaT.E.R.T Samuel Ramirez
 
Higiene del perro
Higiene del perroHigiene del perro
Higiene del perroNancy Tapia
 
Unesco. Convención sobre la protección y promoción de la diversidad de las ex...
Unesco. Convención sobre la protección y promoción de la diversidad de las ex...Unesco. Convención sobre la protección y promoción de la diversidad de las ex...
Unesco. Convención sobre la protección y promoción de la diversidad de las ex...M Asunción Cancela Silva
 
Voleibol y Baloncesto_-_Fundamentos_Técnicos_y_Reglamento
Voleibol y Baloncesto_-_Fundamentos_Técnicos_y_ReglamentoVoleibol y Baloncesto_-_Fundamentos_Técnicos_y_Reglamento
Voleibol y Baloncesto_-_Fundamentos_Técnicos_y_ReglamentoZONIAA
 
Astas del II Congreso Internacional Autobombástico
Astas del II Congreso Internacional AutobombásticoAstas del II Congreso Internacional Autobombástico
Astas del II Congreso Internacional Autobombásticoautobombo
 
Ley Nº 1983 (Ley de partidos politicos y agrupaciones ciudadanas) 1999.
Ley Nº 1983 (Ley de partidos politicos y agrupaciones ciudadanas) 1999.Ley Nº 1983 (Ley de partidos politicos y agrupaciones ciudadanas) 1999.
Ley Nº 1983 (Ley de partidos politicos y agrupaciones ciudadanas) 1999.Falange Socialista Boliviana
 
1r Congreso De Patagénesis, Actas
1r Congreso De Patagénesis, Actas1r Congreso De Patagénesis, Actas
1r Congreso De Patagénesis, Actasautobombo
 
Ernesto guevara el socialismo y el hombre en cuba
Ernesto guevara   el socialismo y el hombre en cubaErnesto guevara   el socialismo y el hombre en cuba
Ernesto guevara el socialismo y el hombre en cubaPraxisfhycs
 
Guardiola y el liderazgo inteligente (psicología)
Guardiola y el liderazgo inteligente (psicología)Guardiola y el liderazgo inteligente (psicología)
Guardiola y el liderazgo inteligente (psicología)nadia
 
Guia leyendas becquer
Guia leyendas becquerGuia leyendas becquer
Guia leyendas becqueryuviasong
 
PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO NESTOR FABIO RICO REY
PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO NESTOR FABIO RICO REYPROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO NESTOR FABIO RICO REY
PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO NESTOR FABIO RICO REYAlcaldia El Rosal
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Escarlata
EscarlataEscarlata
Escarlata
 
Fisica de las Radiaciones Ionizantes en Radioterapia
Fisica de las Radiaciones Ionizantes en RadioterapiaFisica de las Radiaciones Ionizantes en Radioterapia
Fisica de las Radiaciones Ionizantes en Radioterapia
 
28 11 el rayo del superhombre www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 11 el rayo del superhombre www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org28 11 el rayo del superhombre www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 11 el rayo del superhombre www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
 
Higiene del perro
Higiene del perroHigiene del perro
Higiene del perro
 
28 04 comenzando a despertar www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 04 comenzando a despertar  www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org28 04 comenzando a despertar  www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 04 comenzando a despertar www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
 
Unesco. Convención sobre la protección y promoción de la diversidad de las ex...
Unesco. Convención sobre la protección y promoción de la diversidad de las ex...Unesco. Convención sobre la protección y promoción de la diversidad de las ex...
Unesco. Convención sobre la protección y promoción de la diversidad de las ex...
 
Voleibol y Baloncesto_-_Fundamentos_Técnicos_y_Reglamento
Voleibol y Baloncesto_-_Fundamentos_Técnicos_y_ReglamentoVoleibol y Baloncesto_-_Fundamentos_Técnicos_y_Reglamento
Voleibol y Baloncesto_-_Fundamentos_Técnicos_y_Reglamento
 
Astas del II Congreso Internacional Autobombástico
Astas del II Congreso Internacional AutobombásticoAstas del II Congreso Internacional Autobombástico
Astas del II Congreso Internacional Autobombástico
 
28 19 la muerte mistica hdean www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 19 la muerte mistica hdean www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org28 19 la muerte mistica hdean www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 19 la muerte mistica hdean www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
 
28 14 zodiaco www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 14  zodiaco www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org28 14  zodiaco www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 14 zodiaco www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
 
Ley 1983 de Partidos Políticos
Ley 1983 de Partidos PolíticosLey 1983 de Partidos Políticos
Ley 1983 de Partidos Políticos
 
Ley Nº 1983 (Ley de partidos politicos y agrupaciones ciudadanas) 1999.
Ley Nº 1983 (Ley de partidos politicos y agrupaciones ciudadanas) 1999.Ley Nº 1983 (Ley de partidos politicos y agrupaciones ciudadanas) 1999.
Ley Nº 1983 (Ley de partidos politicos y agrupaciones ciudadanas) 1999.
 
1r Congreso De Patagénesis, Actas
1r Congreso De Patagénesis, Actas1r Congreso De Patagénesis, Actas
1r Congreso De Patagénesis, Actas
 
Libro
LibroLibro
Libro
 
Ernesto guevara el socialismo y el hombre en cuba
Ernesto guevara   el socialismo y el hombre en cubaErnesto guevara   el socialismo y el hombre en cuba
Ernesto guevara el socialismo y el hombre en cuba
 
Guardiola y el liderazgo inteligente (psicología)
Guardiola y el liderazgo inteligente (psicología)Guardiola y el liderazgo inteligente (psicología)
Guardiola y el liderazgo inteligente (psicología)
 
Guia leyendas becquer
Guia leyendas becquerGuia leyendas becquer
Guia leyendas becquer
 
Comprension y velocidad_lectora
Comprension y velocidad_lectoraComprension y velocidad_lectora
Comprension y velocidad_lectora
 
PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO NESTOR FABIO RICO REY
PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO NESTOR FABIO RICO REYPROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO NESTOR FABIO RICO REY
PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO NESTOR FABIO RICO REY
 
Anexo 5 avales completo v2011.1
Anexo 5 avales completo v2011.1Anexo 5 avales completo v2011.1
Anexo 5 avales completo v2011.1
 

Destacado

Compte rendu grece matteo et alberto 2013 2015
Compte rendu grece matteo et alberto 2013 2015Compte rendu grece matteo et alberto 2013 2015
Compte rendu grece matteo et alberto 2013 2015IES El Chaparil
 
8546 Garantie für Wahrheitsempfang ....
8546   Garantie für Wahrheitsempfang ....8546   Garantie für Wahrheitsempfang ....
8546 Garantie für Wahrheitsempfang ....Marianne Zipf
 
Génome des Systèmes d'Intelligence Collective
Génome des Systèmes d'Intelligence CollectiveGénome des Systèmes d'Intelligence Collective
Génome des Systèmes d'Intelligence CollectiveAuki
 
Wikipédia, découvrir et enrichir (en 30 minutes)
Wikipédia, découvrir et enrichir (en 30 minutes)Wikipédia, découvrir et enrichir (en 30 minutes)
Wikipédia, découvrir et enrichir (en 30 minutes)Sylvain Machefert
 
Pr sentation ag 2009
Pr sentation ag 2009Pr sentation ag 2009
Pr sentation ag 2009ilendil
 
Soyons fiers de_nos_soldats (1)
Soyons fiers de_nos_soldats (1)Soyons fiers de_nos_soldats (1)
Soyons fiers de_nos_soldats (1)Albert Antebi
 
Roma Presentatie
Roma PresentatieRoma Presentatie
Roma Presentatieguestacb2b2
 
Visitas esp el prado
Visitas esp el pradoVisitas esp el prado
Visitas esp el pradoireogarcia
 
Informatiser une bibliothèque avec un logiciel libre
Informatiser une bibliothèque avec un logiciel libreInformatiser une bibliothèque avec un logiciel libre
Informatiser une bibliothèque avec un logiciel libreSylvain Machefert
 
Pays Carcassonnais "Terre de séjours" 03 juin 2010
Pays Carcassonnais "Terre de séjours"  03 juin 2010Pays Carcassonnais "Terre de séjours"  03 juin 2010
Pays Carcassonnais "Terre de séjours" 03 juin 2010Résonance Communication
 
Magazine du régiment de marche du Tchad
Magazine du régiment de marche du TchadMagazine du régiment de marche du Tchad
Magazine du régiment de marche du Tchadservirlafrance
 
Desarrollo sost eau powerpoint
Desarrollo sost eau powerpointDesarrollo sost eau powerpoint
Desarrollo sost eau powerpointireogarcia
 
Px7819 11 93018
Px7819 11 93018Px7819 11 93018
Px7819 11 93018DonMica
 

Destacado (18)

Compte rendu grece matteo et alberto 2013 2015
Compte rendu grece matteo et alberto 2013 2015Compte rendu grece matteo et alberto 2013 2015
Compte rendu grece matteo et alberto 2013 2015
 
8546 Garantie für Wahrheitsempfang ....
8546   Garantie für Wahrheitsempfang ....8546   Garantie für Wahrheitsempfang ....
8546 Garantie für Wahrheitsempfang ....
 
Games
GamesGames
Games
 
Seni rupa
Seni rupaSeni rupa
Seni rupa
 
Génome des Systèmes d'Intelligence Collective
Génome des Systèmes d'Intelligence CollectiveGénome des Systèmes d'Intelligence Collective
Génome des Systèmes d'Intelligence Collective
 
Wikipédia, découvrir et enrichir (en 30 minutes)
Wikipédia, découvrir et enrichir (en 30 minutes)Wikipédia, découvrir et enrichir (en 30 minutes)
Wikipédia, découvrir et enrichir (en 30 minutes)
 
Pr sentation ag 2009
Pr sentation ag 2009Pr sentation ag 2009
Pr sentation ag 2009
 
Soyons fiers de_nos_soldats (1)
Soyons fiers de_nos_soldats (1)Soyons fiers de_nos_soldats (1)
Soyons fiers de_nos_soldats (1)
 
Jaiapprisengrece tous
Jaiapprisengrece tousJaiapprisengrece tous
Jaiapprisengrece tous
 
Ile de Re, Ars de Re
Ile de Re, Ars de ReIle de Re, Ars de Re
Ile de Re, Ars de Re
 
Roma Presentatie
Roma PresentatieRoma Presentatie
Roma Presentatie
 
Visitas esp el prado
Visitas esp el pradoVisitas esp el prado
Visitas esp el prado
 
Informatiser une bibliothèque avec un logiciel libre
Informatiser une bibliothèque avec un logiciel libreInformatiser une bibliothèque avec un logiciel libre
Informatiser une bibliothèque avec un logiciel libre
 
Pays Carcassonnais "Terre de séjours" 03 juin 2010
Pays Carcassonnais "Terre de séjours"  03 juin 2010Pays Carcassonnais "Terre de séjours"  03 juin 2010
Pays Carcassonnais "Terre de séjours" 03 juin 2010
 
Services Aux Franchiseurs
Services Aux FranchiseursServices Aux Franchiseurs
Services Aux Franchiseurs
 
Magazine du régiment de marche du Tchad
Magazine du régiment de marche du TchadMagazine du régiment de marche du Tchad
Magazine du régiment de marche du Tchad
 
Desarrollo sost eau powerpoint
Desarrollo sost eau powerpointDesarrollo sost eau powerpoint
Desarrollo sost eau powerpoint
 
Px7819 11 93018
Px7819 11 93018Px7819 11 93018
Px7819 11 93018
 

Similar a Inifed norma ccesibilidad_2012

El amor de tu vida es scribd com 167
El amor de tu vida  es scribd com 167El amor de tu vida  es scribd com 167
El amor de tu vida es scribd com 167Maggie Beltran
 
El amor de tu vida 167 -
El amor de tu vida   167 - El amor de tu vida   167 -
El amor de tu vida 167 - Maggie Beltran
 
Electricidaads - A importância dos Museus como Lugares de Aprendizagem - Joaq...
Electricidaads - A importância dos Museus como Lugares de Aprendizagem - Joaq...Electricidaads - A importância dos Museus como Lugares de Aprendizagem - Joaq...
Electricidaads - A importância dos Museus como Lugares de Aprendizagem - Joaq...CIDAADS
 
Coguanor 29001
Coguanor 29001Coguanor 29001
Coguanor 29001rene4487
 
R5 intervalos de confianza
R5 intervalos de confianzaR5 intervalos de confianza
R5 intervalos de confianzanchacinp
 
Grandes+momentos+de+los+derechso+humanos.desbloqueado
Grandes+momentos+de+los+derechso+humanos.desbloqueadoGrandes+momentos+de+los+derechso+humanos.desbloqueado
Grandes+momentos+de+los+derechso+humanos.desbloqueadoELOISA GARCIA
 
Manual del usuario brocas triconicas
Manual del usuario brocas triconicasManual del usuario brocas triconicas
Manual del usuario brocas triconicasPedro Cortes
 
El contenido de la psicomotricidad
El contenido de la psicomotricidadEl contenido de la psicomotricidad
El contenido de la psicomotricidadmedinacl
 
Contenidosy criteriosdeevaluación
Contenidosy criteriosdeevaluaciónContenidosy criteriosdeevaluación
Contenidosy criteriosdeevaluaciónboscosrioja
 

Similar a Inifed norma ccesibilidad_2012 (15)

El amor de tu vida es scribd com 167
El amor de tu vida  es scribd com 167El amor de tu vida  es scribd com 167
El amor de tu vida es scribd com 167
 
El amor de tu vida 167 -
El amor de tu vida   167 - El amor de tu vida   167 -
El amor de tu vida 167 -
 
Electricidaads - A importância dos Museus como Lugares de Aprendizagem - Joaq...
Electricidaads - A importância dos Museus como Lugares de Aprendizagem - Joaq...Electricidaads - A importância dos Museus como Lugares de Aprendizagem - Joaq...
Electricidaads - A importância dos Museus como Lugares de Aprendizagem - Joaq...
 
Coguanor 29001
Coguanor 29001Coguanor 29001
Coguanor 29001
 
R3
R3R3
R3
 
R5 intervalos de confianza
R5 intervalos de confianzaR5 intervalos de confianza
R5 intervalos de confianza
 
Grandes+momentos+de+los+derechso+humanos.desbloqueado
Grandes+momentos+de+los+derechso+humanos.desbloqueadoGrandes+momentos+de+los+derechso+humanos.desbloqueado
Grandes+momentos+de+los+derechso+humanos.desbloqueado
 
28 35 tratado psicologia revolucionaria www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 35 tratado psicologia revolucionaria www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org28 35 tratado psicologia revolucionaria www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 35 tratado psicologia revolucionaria www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
 
402 1173-1-pb
402 1173-1-pb402 1173-1-pb
402 1173-1-pb
 
28 31 preparando el camino www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 31 preparando el camino www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org28 31 preparando el camino www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
28 31 preparando el camino www.gftaognosticaespiritual.org
 
Manual del usuario brocas triconicas
Manual del usuario brocas triconicasManual del usuario brocas triconicas
Manual del usuario brocas triconicas
 
Exantemas
ExantemasExantemas
Exantemas
 
El contenido de la psicomotricidad
El contenido de la psicomotricidadEl contenido de la psicomotricidad
El contenido de la psicomotricidad
 
Viti 472 viña
Viti 472 viñaViti 472 viña
Viti 472 viña
 
Contenidosy criteriosdeevaluación
Contenidosy criteriosdeevaluaciónContenidosy criteriosdeevaluación
Contenidosy criteriosdeevaluación
 

Último

Stork Webinar | APM Transformational planning, Tool Selection & Performance T...
Stork Webinar | APM Transformational planning, Tool Selection & Performance T...Stork Webinar | APM Transformational planning, Tool Selection & Performance T...
Stork Webinar | APM Transformational planning, Tool Selection & Performance T...Stork
 
Turn leadership mistakes into a better future.pptx
Turn leadership mistakes into a better future.pptxTurn leadership mistakes into a better future.pptx
Turn leadership mistakes into a better future.pptxStephen Sitton
 
Robotics-Asimov's Laws, Mechanical Subsystems, Robot Kinematics, Robot Dynami...
Robotics-Asimov's Laws, Mechanical Subsystems, Robot Kinematics, Robot Dynami...Robotics-Asimov's Laws, Mechanical Subsystems, Robot Kinematics, Robot Dynami...
Robotics-Asimov's Laws, Mechanical Subsystems, Robot Kinematics, Robot Dynami...Sumanth A
 
2022 AWS DNA Hackathon 장애 대응 솔루션 jarvis.
2022 AWS DNA Hackathon 장애 대응 솔루션 jarvis.2022 AWS DNA Hackathon 장애 대응 솔루션 jarvis.
2022 AWS DNA Hackathon 장애 대응 솔루션 jarvis.elesangwon
 
Ch10-Global Supply Chain - Cadena de Suministro.pdf
Ch10-Global Supply Chain - Cadena de Suministro.pdfCh10-Global Supply Chain - Cadena de Suministro.pdf
Ch10-Global Supply Chain - Cadena de Suministro.pdfChristianCDAM
 
Mine Environment II Lab_MI10448MI__________.pptx
Mine Environment II Lab_MI10448MI__________.pptxMine Environment II Lab_MI10448MI__________.pptx
Mine Environment II Lab_MI10448MI__________.pptxRomil Mishra
 
Earthing details of Electrical Substation
Earthing details of Electrical SubstationEarthing details of Electrical Substation
Earthing details of Electrical Substationstephanwindworld
 
US Department of Education FAFSA Week of Action
US Department of Education FAFSA Week of ActionUS Department of Education FAFSA Week of Action
US Department of Education FAFSA Week of ActionMebane Rash
 
signals in triangulation .. ...Surveying
signals in triangulation .. ...Surveyingsignals in triangulation .. ...Surveying
signals in triangulation .. ...Surveyingsapna80328
 
Comprehensive energy systems.pdf Comprehensive energy systems.pdf
Comprehensive energy systems.pdf Comprehensive energy systems.pdfComprehensive energy systems.pdf Comprehensive energy systems.pdf
Comprehensive energy systems.pdf Comprehensive energy systems.pdfalene1
 
High Voltage Engineering- OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
High Voltage Engineering- OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMSHigh Voltage Engineering- OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
High Voltage Engineering- OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMSsandhya757531
 
Comparative study of High-rise Building Using ETABS,SAP200 and SAFE., SAFE an...
Comparative study of High-rise Building Using ETABS,SAP200 and SAFE., SAFE an...Comparative study of High-rise Building Using ETABS,SAP200 and SAFE., SAFE an...
Comparative study of High-rise Building Using ETABS,SAP200 and SAFE., SAFE an...Erbil Polytechnic University
 
ROBOETHICS-CCS345 ETHICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.ppt
ROBOETHICS-CCS345 ETHICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.pptROBOETHICS-CCS345 ETHICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.ppt
ROBOETHICS-CCS345 ETHICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.pptJohnWilliam111370
 
TEST CASE GENERATION GENERATION BLOCK BOX APPROACH
TEST CASE GENERATION GENERATION BLOCK BOX APPROACHTEST CASE GENERATION GENERATION BLOCK BOX APPROACH
TEST CASE GENERATION GENERATION BLOCK BOX APPROACHSneha Padhiar
 
Main Memory Management in Operating System
Main Memory Management in Operating SystemMain Memory Management in Operating System
Main Memory Management in Operating SystemRashmi Bhat
 
KCD Costa Rica 2024 - Nephio para parvulitos
KCD Costa Rica 2024 - Nephio para parvulitosKCD Costa Rica 2024 - Nephio para parvulitos
KCD Costa Rica 2024 - Nephio para parvulitosVictor Morales
 
Module-1-(Building Acoustics) Noise Control (Unit-3). pdf
Module-1-(Building Acoustics) Noise Control (Unit-3). pdfModule-1-(Building Acoustics) Noise Control (Unit-3). pdf
Module-1-(Building Acoustics) Noise Control (Unit-3). pdfManish Kumar
 
Virtual memory management in Operating System
Virtual memory management in Operating SystemVirtual memory management in Operating System
Virtual memory management in Operating SystemRashmi Bhat
 
CS 3251 Programming in c all unit notes pdf
CS 3251 Programming in c all unit notes pdfCS 3251 Programming in c all unit notes pdf
CS 3251 Programming in c all unit notes pdfBalamuruganV28
 
Immutable Image-Based Operating Systems - EW2024.pdf
Immutable Image-Based Operating Systems - EW2024.pdfImmutable Image-Based Operating Systems - EW2024.pdf
Immutable Image-Based Operating Systems - EW2024.pdfDrew Moseley
 

Último (20)

Stork Webinar | APM Transformational planning, Tool Selection & Performance T...
Stork Webinar | APM Transformational planning, Tool Selection & Performance T...Stork Webinar | APM Transformational planning, Tool Selection & Performance T...
Stork Webinar | APM Transformational planning, Tool Selection & Performance T...
 
Turn leadership mistakes into a better future.pptx
Turn leadership mistakes into a better future.pptxTurn leadership mistakes into a better future.pptx
Turn leadership mistakes into a better future.pptx
 
Robotics-Asimov's Laws, Mechanical Subsystems, Robot Kinematics, Robot Dynami...
Robotics-Asimov's Laws, Mechanical Subsystems, Robot Kinematics, Robot Dynami...Robotics-Asimov's Laws, Mechanical Subsystems, Robot Kinematics, Robot Dynami...
Robotics-Asimov's Laws, Mechanical Subsystems, Robot Kinematics, Robot Dynami...
 
2022 AWS DNA Hackathon 장애 대응 솔루션 jarvis.
2022 AWS DNA Hackathon 장애 대응 솔루션 jarvis.2022 AWS DNA Hackathon 장애 대응 솔루션 jarvis.
2022 AWS DNA Hackathon 장애 대응 솔루션 jarvis.
 
Ch10-Global Supply Chain - Cadena de Suministro.pdf
Ch10-Global Supply Chain - Cadena de Suministro.pdfCh10-Global Supply Chain - Cadena de Suministro.pdf
Ch10-Global Supply Chain - Cadena de Suministro.pdf
 
Mine Environment II Lab_MI10448MI__________.pptx
Mine Environment II Lab_MI10448MI__________.pptxMine Environment II Lab_MI10448MI__________.pptx
Mine Environment II Lab_MI10448MI__________.pptx
 
Earthing details of Electrical Substation
Earthing details of Electrical SubstationEarthing details of Electrical Substation
Earthing details of Electrical Substation
 
US Department of Education FAFSA Week of Action
US Department of Education FAFSA Week of ActionUS Department of Education FAFSA Week of Action
US Department of Education FAFSA Week of Action
 
signals in triangulation .. ...Surveying
signals in triangulation .. ...Surveyingsignals in triangulation .. ...Surveying
signals in triangulation .. ...Surveying
 
Comprehensive energy systems.pdf Comprehensive energy systems.pdf
Comprehensive energy systems.pdf Comprehensive energy systems.pdfComprehensive energy systems.pdf Comprehensive energy systems.pdf
Comprehensive energy systems.pdf Comprehensive energy systems.pdf
 
High Voltage Engineering- OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
High Voltage Engineering- OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMSHigh Voltage Engineering- OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
High Voltage Engineering- OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
 
Comparative study of High-rise Building Using ETABS,SAP200 and SAFE., SAFE an...
Comparative study of High-rise Building Using ETABS,SAP200 and SAFE., SAFE an...Comparative study of High-rise Building Using ETABS,SAP200 and SAFE., SAFE an...
Comparative study of High-rise Building Using ETABS,SAP200 and SAFE., SAFE an...
 
ROBOETHICS-CCS345 ETHICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.ppt
ROBOETHICS-CCS345 ETHICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.pptROBOETHICS-CCS345 ETHICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.ppt
ROBOETHICS-CCS345 ETHICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.ppt
 
TEST CASE GENERATION GENERATION BLOCK BOX APPROACH
TEST CASE GENERATION GENERATION BLOCK BOX APPROACHTEST CASE GENERATION GENERATION BLOCK BOX APPROACH
TEST CASE GENERATION GENERATION BLOCK BOX APPROACH
 
Main Memory Management in Operating System
Main Memory Management in Operating SystemMain Memory Management in Operating System
Main Memory Management in Operating System
 
KCD Costa Rica 2024 - Nephio para parvulitos
KCD Costa Rica 2024 - Nephio para parvulitosKCD Costa Rica 2024 - Nephio para parvulitos
KCD Costa Rica 2024 - Nephio para parvulitos
 
Module-1-(Building Acoustics) Noise Control (Unit-3). pdf
Module-1-(Building Acoustics) Noise Control (Unit-3). pdfModule-1-(Building Acoustics) Noise Control (Unit-3). pdf
Module-1-(Building Acoustics) Noise Control (Unit-3). pdf
 
Virtual memory management in Operating System
Virtual memory management in Operating SystemVirtual memory management in Operating System
Virtual memory management in Operating System
 
CS 3251 Programming in c all unit notes pdf
CS 3251 Programming in c all unit notes pdfCS 3251 Programming in c all unit notes pdf
CS 3251 Programming in c all unit notes pdf
 
Immutable Image-Based Operating Systems - EW2024.pdf
Immutable Image-Based Operating Systems - EW2024.pdfImmutable Image-Based Operating Systems - EW2024.pdf
Immutable Image-Based Operating Systems - EW2024.pdf
 

Inifed norma ccesibilidad_2012

  • 1. NORMAS Y ESPECIFICACIONES 2012 NORMA DE ACCESIBILIDAD VOLUMEN 3 HABITABILIDAD Y FUNCIONAMIENTO- TOMO 2 PARA ESTUDIOS, PROYECTOS, CONSTRUCCIÓN E INSTALACIONES
  • 2. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 1 92/80(1 +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 7202 ,, 1250$ '( $(6,%,/,'$' Ì1',( 2%-(7,92 '(),1,,21(6 ',6(f2 $3/,$,Ð1 5HTXHULPLHQWRV ULWHULRV GH 'LVHxR $SOLFDFLyQ 1RUPDWLYD 21(372 '( ',6(f2 81,9(56$/ $1752320(75Ì$ (VSDFLRV GH 0DQLREUDV 'LPHQVLRQHV %iVLFDV SDUD ,QGLYLGXRV HQ 6LOODV GH 5XHGDV $(626 3XHUWDV 6DOLGDV GH (PHUJHQFLD ,58/$,21(6 587$6 $(6,%/(6 5XWDV $FFHVLEOHV LUFXODFLRQHV +RUL]RQWDOHV 3LVRV 3DWLRV *XtDV HQ SLVR SDUD FRQGXFFLyQ GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 9LVXDO 'HVFULSFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD ULWHULRV *HQHUDOHV GH OD *XtD 7iFWLO $QGDGRUHV %DQTXHWDV 3DVLOORV 2EVWiFXORV )LMRV D OD 3DUHG
  • 3. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 2 LUFXODFLRQHV 9HUWLFDOHV 7LSRV GH HOHPHQWRV HTXLSRV 5DPSDV 5DPSDV GH %DQTXHWD (VFDOHUDV (OHYDGRUHV 3ODWDIRUPDV (OHYDGRUHV 3ODWDIRUPD SDUD VLOOD GH UXHGDV /2$/(6 6(59,,26 'LVSRVLFLRQHV JHQHUDOHV SDUD ORFDOHV VHUYLFLRV $XODV /DERUDWRULRV 7DOOHUHV %LEOLRWHFDV $XGLWRULRV RFLQHWDV RPHGRUHV 'RUPLWRULRV 6DQLWDULRV ,QRGRUR 0LQJLWRULR /DYDER 9HVWLGRUHV 5HJDGHUDV (VWDFLRQDPLHQWRV 6,0%2/2*Ì$ 6LPERORJtD HQ ODV 9tDV ([WHULRUHV 6LPERORJtD SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO %UDLOOH $OWR 5HOLHYH 0DFURWLSRV RQWUDVWH DUDFWHUtVWLFDV *HQHUDOHV GH 6LPERORJtD SDUD /HWUHURV /HWUHURV 3527(,Ð1 ,9,/ 5()(5(1,$6 $*5$'(,0,(1726 $O RQVHMR 1DFLRQDO SDUD ODV 3HUVRQDV FRQ 'LVFDSDFLGDG /LEUH $FFHVR $ 'LVFDSDFLWDGRV 9LVXDOHV ,$3 FRQ FXD YDOLRVD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ IXH HODERUDGD HVWD QRUPD WpFQLFD HQ XQ WUDEDMR GH HVIXHU]R FRQMXQWR GH XQLGDG HQWUH WRGDV ODV SDUWHV
  • 4. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 3 2%-(7,92 3URPRYHU OD DFFHVLELOLGDG HQ OD LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD ItVLFD HGXFDWLYD SDUD OD DWHQFLyQ GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG '(),1,,21(6 RQ EDVH HQ OD RQYHQFLyQ 6REUH ORV 'HUHFKRV GH ODV 3HUVRQDV FRQ 'LVFDSDFLGDG HQ ODV DFWXDOL]DFLRQHV D ODV 1RUPDV GH 'LVFDSDFLGDG TXH HVWiQ UHDOL]DQGR ODV 'HSHQGHQFLDV GHO *RELHUQR )HGHUDO VH GHILQHQ DVSHFWRV TXH VH WLHQHQ TXH FRQVLGHUDU SDUD VX DSOLFDFLyQ GH PDQHUD HILFLHQWH HQ HO GLVHxR FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH OD LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD HGXFDWLYD D
  • 5. $FFHVLELOLGDG RPELQDFLyQ GH HOHPHQWRV FRQVWUXFWLYRV RSHUDWLYRV TXH SHUPLWHQ D ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG HQWUDU GHVSOD]DUVH RULHQWDUVH FRPXQLFDUVH FRQ XQ XVR VHJXUR DXWyQRPR FyPRGR HQ ORV HVSDFLRV FRQVWUXLGRV HQ HO PRELOLDULR HQ HO HTXLSR E
  • 6. $MXVWHV 5D]RQDEOHV 6H HQWHQGHUiQ ODV PRGLILFDFLRQHV DGDSWDFLRQHV QHFHVDULDV DGHFXDGDV TXH QR LPSRQJDQ XQD FDUJD GHVSURSRUFLRQDGD R LQGHELGD FXDQGR VH UHTXLHUDQ HQ XQ FDVR SDUWLFXODU SDUD JDUDQWL]DU D ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG HO JRFH R HMHUFLFLR HQ LJXDOGDG GH FRQGLFLRQHV FRQ ODV GHPiV GH WRGRV ORV GHUHFKRV KXPDQRV OLEHUWDGHV IXQGDPHQWDOHV F
  • 7. $XGD 7pFQLFD 'LVSRVLWLYRV WHFQROyJLFRV PDWHULDOHV TXH SHUPLWHQ KDELOLWDU UHKDELOLWDU R FRPSHQVDU XQD R PiV OLPLWDFLRQHV IXQFLRQDOHV PRWULFHV VHQVRULDOHV R LQWHOHFWXDOHV GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG G
  • 8. 'LVFDSDFLGDG 'HILFLHQFLD ItVLFD PHQWDO R VHQVRULDO D VHD SRU QDWXUDOH]D SHUPDQHQWH R WHPSRUDO TXH OLPLWD D ODV SHUVRQDV HQ OD FDSDFLGDG GH HMHUFHU XQD R PiV DFWLYLGDGHV HVHQFLDOHV GH OD YLGD GLDULD TXH SXHGH VHU FDXVDGD R DJUDYDGD SRU HO HQWRUQR HFRQyPLFR R VRFLDO H
  • 9. %DUUHUDV 7RGR DTXHOOR TXH LPSLGD HO OLEUH GHVSOD]DPLHQWR R PRYLOLGDG TXH FRQVWLWXD XQ SHOLJUR SDUD OD VHJXULGDG GH ODV SHUVRQDV I
  • 10. 5XWD $FFHVLEOH DPLQR R UHFRUULGR GHVLJQDGR TXH VLJXHQ R GHEHQ VHJXLU ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG ',6(f2 $3/,$,Ð1 5(48(5,0,(1726 5,7(5,26 '( ',6(f2 /D IRUPXODFLyQ GH ODV UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV VH UHDOL]y D SDUWLU GH ORV VLJXLHQWHV FULWHULRV JHQHUDOHV D
  • 11. 'HILQLU PHGLGDV FULWHULRV SDUD HO GLVHxR GH HVSDFLRV PRELOLDULR TXH JDUDQWLFHQ HO XVR DFFHVR D XQ Q~PHUR FDGD YH] PiV DPSOLR GH SHUVRQDV E
  • 12. *DUDQWL]DU OD FRQWLQXLGDG GH UXWDV OLEUHV GH REVWiFXORV DO LQWHULRU GH ODV HGLILFDFLRQHV HVSDFLRV DELHUWRV GH XVR S~EOLFR SULYDGR F
  • 13. ,QWHJUDU UXWDV DFFHVLEOHV GHVGH HO H[WHULRU SDUD TXH ORV XVXDULRV LQJUHVHQ OLEUHPHQWH FRQ VHJXULGDG KDVWD HO SXQWR GHVHDGR 6H WUDGXFH HQ SHUPLWLU OD DFFHVLELOLGDG GHVGH EDQTXHWDV SDUDGDV GH DXWREXVHV HVWDFLRQDPLHQWRV GHPiV OXJDUHV TXH VLUYDQ GH LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD DX[LOLDU DO LQPXHEOH HGXFDWLYR G
  • 14. 7HQGHU KDFLD XQ 'LVHxR 8QLYHUVDO LQFOXHQWH SDUD WRGD OD SREODFLyQ QR VHJUHJDWLYR R H[FOXVLYR SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG $3/,$,Ð1 1250$7,9$ /RV FULWHULRV GHILQLGRV HQ HVWD 1RUPD VHUiQ DSOLFDEOHV D
  • 15. (Q OD HODERUDFLyQ GH SURHFWRV HMHFXWLYRV DVt FRPR GXUDQWH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ PDQWHQLPLHQWR HTXLSDPLHQWR UHKDELOLWDFLyQ UHIRU]DPLHQWR UHFRQVWUXFFLyQ KDELOLWDFLyQ GH LQPXHEOHV H LQVWDODFLRQHV GHVWLQDGRV DO VHUYLFLR GH OD ,1)(
  • 16. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 4 E
  • 17. (Q DSHJR D OD /H *HQHUDO SDUD OD ,QFOXVLyQ GH ODV 3HUVRQDV FRQ 'LVFDSDFLGDG OD DGHFXDFLyQ GH ODV LQVWDODFLRQHV S~EOLFDV VHUi SURJUHVLYD 21(372 '( ',6(f2 81,9(56$/ 'HILQLFLyQ 'LVHxR GH SURGXFWRV HQWRUQRV SDUD VHU XVDGRV SRU WRGDV ODV SHUVRQDV DO Pi[LPR SRVLEOH VLQ DGDSWDFLRQHV R QHFHVLGDG GH XQ GLVHxR HVSHFLDOL]DGR (VWH FRQFHSWR FRPSUHQGH XQD GHILQLFLyQ PiV DPSOLD GH OR TXH VH FRQRFH FRPR DFFHVLELOLGDG SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG $EDUFD TXH ORV HQWRUQRV SURGXFWRV VHUYLFLRV TXH VH RIUHFHQ XVDPRV HQ QXHVWUD YLGD GLDULD VXPDQGR HO DFFHVR D ODV WHFQRORJtDV GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ ODV FRPXQLFDFLRQHV GHEHQ GH HVWDU GLVSRQLEOHV SDUD WRGRV HQ LJXDOGDG GH FRQGLFLRQHV FRPR SDUWH HVHQFLDO SDUD OD DGHFXDGD LQWHJUDFLyQ GH ORV GLYHUVRV JUXSRV GH OD VRFLHGDG (VWH FRQFHSWR EXVFD TXH ORV HQWRUQRV GHVGH VX GLVHxR LQFOXDQ XQR R PiV GH ORV VLJXLHQWHV SULQFLSLRV 8VR HTXLWDWLYR 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV SXHGDQ VHU XVDGRV SRU SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVWLQWDV FDSDFLGDGHV ItVLFDV 8VR IOH[LEOH 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV VH DFRPRGHQ D XQ DPSOLR UDQJR GH SUHIHUHQFLDV KDELOLGDGHV LQGLYLGXDOHV 8VR VLPSOH H LQWXLWLYR 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV VHDQ IiFLOHV GH HQWHQGHU VLQ LPSRUWDU OD H[SHULHQFLD FRQRFLPLHQWRV KDELOLGDGHV GHO OHQJXDMH R QLYHO GH FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GHO XVXDULR ,QIRUPDFLyQ SHUFHSWLEOH 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV WUDQVPLWDQ OD LQIRUPDFLyQ QHFHVDULD DO XVXDULR SDUD VX GHVSOD]DPLHQWR GH IRUPD HIHFWLYD VLQ LPSRUWDU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GHO PHGLR DPELHQWH R VXV FDSDFLGDGHV VHQVRULDOHV 7ROHUDQFLD DO HUURU 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV PLQLPLFHQ ULHVJRV FRQVHFXHQFLDV DGYHUVDV GH DFFLRQHV LQYROXQWDULDV R DFFLGHQWDOHV 0tQLPR HVIXHU]R ItVLFR 4XH ORV HQWRUQRV SXHGDQ VHU XVDGRV FyPRGD HILFLHQWHPHQWH PLQLPL]DQGR OD IDWLJD $GHFXDGR WDPDxR GH DSUR[LPDFLyQ XVR 4XH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV GH ODV FRQVWUXFFLRQHV SURSRUFLRQHQ XQ WDPDxR HVSDFLR DGHFXDGR SDUD HO DFHUFDPLHQWR DOFDQFH PDQLSXODFLyQ XVR GH ORV VHUYLFLRV LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GHO WDPDxR FRUSRUDO SRVWXUD R PRYLOLGDG GHO XVXDULR $1752320(75Ì$ RQ YLVWDV D XQ PHMRU GLVHxR LQWHUHVD FRQRFHU QR VyOR OD DQWURSRPHWUtD TXH LQWHUYLHQH VLQR HO FRQMXQWR GH FRQVLGHUDFLRQHV SDUD PHMRUDU OD DFFHVLELOLGDG /D SUHVHQFLD GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG QRV OOHYD D FRQVLGHUDU QXHYDV VROXFLRQHV FRQ UHODFLyQ D ODV EDUUHUDV ItVLFDV HQ ODV LQVWDODFLRQHV GHVWLQDGDV D OD HGXFDFLyQ (Q HVWH HVWXGLR QR VH SRGUiQ LJQRUDU HOHPHQWRV TXH VLHPSUH YDQ FRQVLJR FRPR VRQ VLOODV GH UXHGDV PXOHWDV DQGDGHUDV EDVWRQHV SHUURV JXtDV 3DUD OR FXDO VH GHEHUi WRPDU HQ FXHQWD ODV GLPHQVLRQHV UHFRPHQGDGDV SDUD VX GHVSOD]DPLHQWR (63$,26 '( 0$1,2%5$ /D OLPLWDFLyQ GH OD SHUVRQD FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG PRWRUD UHGXFH QRWDEOHPHQWH VX DFWLYLGDG DO WUDVODGDUVH DEULU FHUUDU SXHUWDV OHYDQWDUVH VHQWDUVH 9HU ILJXUDV 1R D D OD M
  • 18. /D KROJXUD TXH UHTXLHUH XQ XVXDULR TXH VH DXGD FRQ XQD DQGDGRUD VH GHILQH SRU ODV GLPHQVLRQHV GHO GLVSRVLWLYR VX PpWRGR GH XWLOL]DFLyQ OD FXDO VHUi FRPR PtQLPR GH FP (O XVR GH PXOHWDV DOWHUD VLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWH OD IRUPD SDVR YHORFLGDG GHO XVXDULR /DV GLPHQVLRQHV TXH LQIOXHQ FRQ PiV LQWHQVLGDG HQ OD KROJXUD VRQ RVFLODFLyQ FRQ PXOHWDV RVFLODFLyQ GH ODV PXOHWDV DO DQGDU VHSDUDFLyQ GH PXOHWDV FXDQGR HO XVXDULR HVWi GH SLH VHSDUDFLyQ PXOHWDFXHUSR /D GLPHQVLyQ PtQLPD UHFRPHQGDGD VHUi FP $Vt PLVPR HV LPSRUWDQWH JDUDQWL]DU OD DFFHVLELOLGDG D SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO TXH KDJDQ XVR GH SHUURV JXtD /D UXWD
  • 19. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 5 DFFHVLEOH GHEH RWRUJDU OD PDRU VHJXULGDG OLEHUWDG SDUD TXH HO ELQRPLR SHUVRQDSHUUR JXtD SXHGD DFFHGHU GHVGH D FXDOTXLHU VHUYLFLR GHO SODQWHO HGXFDWLYR )LJXUD 1R D 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD XVDQGR PXOHWDV )LJXUD 1R E 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD XVDQGR DQGDGHUD )LJXUD 1R F 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD FRQ EDVWyQ )LJXUD 1R G 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD FRQ SHUUR JXtD
  • 20. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 6 )LJXUD 1R H 'LPHQVLRQHV SDUD SHUVRQD FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 9LVXDO FRQ FRPSDxtD )LJXUD 1R I 5DGLR GH *LUR GH VLOOD FRQ PRWRU )LJXUD 1R J 'LPHQVLRQHV GH VLOOD FRQ PRWRU )LJXUD 1R K 5RWDFLyQ D ž
  • 21. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 7 )LJXUD 1R L 5RWDFLyQ D ž ',0(16,21(6 %É6,$6 3$5$ ,1',9,'826 (1 6,//$6 '( 58('$6 3DUD GLPHQVLRQDU OD H[WHQVLyQ KROJXUD GHPiV SDUiPHWURV HV SUHFLVR HQJOREDU HO FRQMXQWR LQGLYLGXRVLOOD GH UXHGDV SODQWHDPLHQWR TXH H[LJH FRQRFLPLHQWRV DFHUFD GH ODV SHFXOLDULGDGHV GH HVWD ~OWLPD /DV ILJXUDV FRQWHPSODQ OD DQWURSRPHWUtD SURPHGLR GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG PRWUL] /D PHGLFLyQ GHO DOFDQFH HVWiQGDU VH WRPD FRQ OD HVSDOGD HUJXLGD HO LQGLYLGXR VHQWDGR VREUH XQ SODQR KRUL]RQWDO 9HU ILJXUDV 1R D D OD G
  • 22. (O HVSDFLR RFXSDGR SRU ORV XVXDULRV GH VLOODV GH UXHGDV HVWDUi HQ UHODFLyQ FRQ OD HGDG FRQ HO WLSR GH DSDUDWR TXH XVHQ )LJXUD 1R M 5RWDFLyQ D ž )LJXUD 1R D 'LPHQVLRQHV SURPHGLR IURQWDOHV
  • 23. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 8 )LJXUD 1R F $OFDQFH HVWiQGDU )LJXUD 1R G 'LPHQVLRQHV GH VLOOD FRQ PRWRU $(626 38(57$6 D
  • 24. /DV SXHUWDV GHEHQ WHQHU XQ DQFKR GH YDQR PtQLPR GH FP OLEUHV E
  • 25. /DV SXHUWDV VH DEDWLUiQ KDFLD DIXHUD F
  • 26. /DV SXHUWDV WHQGUiQ PDQLMDV WLSR SDODQFD D XQD DOWXUD GH FP GHO QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR /DV FKDSDV GH ODV DXODV SRGUiQ VHUiQ FRQ SDVDGRU WLSR UHVEDOyQ G
  • 27. 'HEH H[LVWLU HQ OXJDUHV YLVLEOHV VHxDOL]DFLyQ GH DFFHVLELOLGDG SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG /DV SXHUWDV HVWDUiQ PDUFDGDV FODUDPHQWH FRQ OHWUHUR FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH VHxDOL]DFLyQ %UDLOOH )LJXUD 1R E 'LPHQVLRQHV SURPHGLR ODWHUDOHV
  • 28. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 9 H
  • 29. /DV SXHUWDV GH YLGULR GHEHQ FRQWDU FRQ YLGULR GH VHJXULGDG WHPSODGR TXH FXPSOD FRQ OD 1RUPD 2ILFLDO 0H[LFDQD 1206), I
  • 30. /DV SXHUWDV GH YLGULR R FULVWDO FRQWDUiQ FRQ SURWHFFLRQHV R HVWDUiQ VHxDOL]DGDV FRQ HOHPHQWRV TXH LPSLGDQ HO FKRTXH GHO S~EOLFR FRQWUD HOODV J
  • 31. (O XVR GHO VtPEROR LQWHUQDFLRQDO SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG HQ SXHUWDV VyOR VH FRORFDUi HQ DTXHOODV SRU PHGLR GH ODV FXDOHV VH DFFHGD D ORFDOHV H[FOXVLYRV SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG WDOHV FRPR VDQLWDULRV DXODV OXJDUHV KDELOLWDGRV SDUD VX DFFHVR DVt FRPR HQ iUHDV H[WHULRUHV FRPR HV HO FDVR GH FDMRQHV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR K
  • 32. 6L OD SXHUWD HV GH YLGULR GHEH FRQWDU FRQ XQD IUDQMD GH VHJXULGDG TXH DXGH D LGHQWLILFDU OD H[LVWHQFLD GH pVWH 6H FRORFDUi XQD IUDQMD GH FP GH FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH HQPDUFDQGR ORV HOHPHQWRV DEDWLEOHV DVt FRPR GRV KRUL]RQWDOHV D FP GH DOWXUD VREUH QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR L
  • 33. 6H FRORFDUi XQ ]RFOR PHWiOLFR FRQ XQD DOWXUD GH HQWUH FP GHO SLVR 6H GHEHUi FRORFDU XQD IUDQMD GH FP GH FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH HQPDUFDQGR ORV HOHPHQWRV DEDWLEOHV DVt FRPR GRV KRUL]RQWDOHV D FP GH DOWXUD VREUH QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR 9HU ILJXUD 1R D
  • 34. )LJXUD 1R D 'HWDOOHV GH IUDQMDV GH VHJXULGDG M
  • 35. (Q SLVRV GHEH KDEHU FDPELR GH WH[WXUD GH FP DQWHV GHVSXpV GH ODV SXHUWDV SULQFLSDOHV GH FP D ORV ODGRV GH HVWiV N
  • 36. 6H GHEH FRORFDU XQD WLUD WiFWLO GLULJLGD KDFLD HO FHQWUR GH OD SXHUWD SULQFLSDO 9HU ILJXUD 1R E
  • 37. )LJXUD 1R E 'HWDOOHV GH 3XHUWD 'REOH 120(1/$785$
  • 39. $0%,2 '( 7(;785$ 2 $$%$'2
  • 41. 0$52 '( 2/25 2175$67$17(
  • 43. 3/$$ 0(7É/,$ '( 6(f$/,=$,Ð1 7É7,/
  • 44. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 10 6$/,'$6 '( (0(5*(1,$ /DV VDOLGDV GH HPHUJHQFLD GHEHUiQ WHQHU ODV VLJXLHQWHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV 9HU ILJXUD D
  • 45. D
  • 46. 7HQGUiQ FRPR PtQLPR FP GH DQFKR OLEUHV VHUiQ GH PHWDO SURWHJLGR FRQ SLQWXUD UHWDUGDQWH DO IXHJR EDVWLGRU DLVODQWH FKDPEUDQD KHUPpWLFD 3RGUiQ RSHUDU LQGLVWLQWDPHQWH FRQ PDQLMDV WLSR SDODQFD R EDUUDV E
  • 47. $ SDxR GH OD SDUWH VXSHULRU GH OD SXHUWD GHO ODGR FRQWUDULR DO DEDWLPLHQWR GH pVWD VH FRORFDUi XQD OiPSDUD GH HPHUJHQFLD GH XQD FDUD FRQ VLVWHPD GH OXFHV LQWHUPLWHQWHV F
  • 48. 8QD OiPSDUD GH VDOLGD GH HPHUJHQFLD GH GRV FDUDV VH XELFDUi HQ IRUPD SHUSHQGLFXODU DO PXUR DUULED GHO SDxR VXSHULRU GH OD SXHUWD GHO ODGR GH OD PDQLMD MXQWR D pVWD OiPSDUD XQ VLVWHPD VRQRUR GH HPHUJHQFLD 9LVWD 6XSHULRU DPEDV RSFLRQHV
  • 49. 9LVWD )URQWDO /DWHUDO 2SFLyQ
  • 50. 9LVWD )URQWDO /DWHUDO 2SFLyQ
  • 51. )LJXUD 1R D 3XHUWDV GH HPHUJHQFLD 120(/$785$
  • 53. /$03$5$ 3$5$ 6$/,'$ '( (0(5*(1,$ '26 $5$6
  • 54. /$03$5$ 3$5$ 6$/,'$ '( (0(5*(1,$
  • 56. 0$52 '( 2/25 2175$67$17( 120(/$785$
  • 57. 3/$$ 0(7É/,$ '( 6(f$/,=$,Ð1 7É7,/
  • 58. 6,67(0$ 621252 '( (0(5*(1,$
  • 61. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 11 ,58/$,21(6 587$6 $(6,%/(6 587$ $(6,%/( (V OD SRVLELOLGDG GH LQJUHVR TXH WLHQHQ WRGDV ODV SHUVRQDV D VHUYLFLRV iUHDV ItVLFDV HGXFDWLYDV PHGLDQWH SDVLOORV DQGDGRUHV SXHUWDV YDQRV
  • 62. FRQWDQGR FRQ WRGDV ODV IDFLOLGDGHV OLEHUWDGHV SDUD GHVSOD]DUVH KRUL]RQWDO YHUWLFDOPHQWH SHUPDQHFHU HQ HO OXJDU GH IRUPD VHJXUD HVWD UXWD VHUi GHVGH FXDOTXLHU SXQWR GH DFFHVR DO LQPXHEOH LQFOXHQGR EDQTXHWDV HVWDFLRQDPLHQWRV SDUDGDV GH WUDQVSRUWH S~EOLFR GHEHUi HVWDU FRQFHELGD OLEUH GH REVWiFXORV EDUUHUDV FRQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GLPHQVLRQHV TXH HILFLHQWH OD DFFHVLELOLGDG GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG D
  • 63. /D UXWD DFFHVLEOH WHQGUi SRU OR PHQRV FP GH DQFKR E
  • 64. /D DOWXUD OLEUH GH OD UXWD HQ FDVR GH VHU FXELHUWD
  • 65. VHUi GH SRU OR PHQRV FP OLEUH GH UDPDV GH iUEROHV OHWUHURV R FXDOTXLHU RWUR REVWiFXOR F
  • 66. (VWDUi OLEUH GH REMHWRV WDOHV FRPR ERWHV GH EDVXUD PRELOLDULR PDTXLQDULD PDFHWDV FDVHWDV WHOHIyQLFDV EHEHGHURV RWURV TXH OLPLWHQ LPSLGDQ R SURYRTXHQ WURSLH]RV G
  • 67. /RV SDYLPHQWRV VHUiQ FRQWLQXRV VLQ FDPELRV EUXVFRV GH QLYHO (VWDUi OLEUH GH HVFDORQHV R ERUGHV GH PiV GH FP GH DOWR GHEHUiQ VDOYDUVH FRQ XQ FKDIOiQ H
  • 68. 'HEHUi HVWDU OLEUH GH EDFKHV JULHWDV R SLHGUDV VXHOWDV I
  • 69. 'HEHUi FRQWDU FRQ DFDEDGRV DQWLGHUUDSDQWHV J
  • 70. 'HEHUi FRQWDU FRQ XQD LOXPLQDFLyQ PtQLPD GH OX[HV K
  • 71. /DV UXWDV DFFHVLEOHV GHEHUiQ FRQWDU FRQ UDPSDV FXDV HVSHFLILFDFLRQHV VH GHVFULEHQ HQ HO QXPHUDO GH HVWD QRUPD L
  • 72. (Q OR SRVLEOH OLEUH GH UHJLVWURV R HVFRWLOODV ,58/$,21(6 +25,=217$/(6 3LVRV 3DWLRV /RV SLVRV GHEHQ FXPSOLU FRQ OR VLJXLHQWH D
  • 74. RQWDU FRQ XQ VLVWHPD TXH HYLWH HO HVWDQFDPLHQWR GH OtTXLGRV (Q HO FDVR GH UHMLOODV GH GHVDJH VXV UDQXUDV QR GHEHQ WHQHU PiV GH FP GH DQFKR F
  • 75. 6HU OODQRV SDUD TXH FLUFXOHQ FRQ VHJXULGDG ORV DOXPQRV ORV HTXLSRV GH WUDQVSRUWH (VWDU OLEUHV GH DJXMHURV DVWLOODV FODYRV SHUQRV TXH VREUHVDOJDQ YiOYXODV WXERV VDOLHQWHV X RWUDV SURWXEHUDQFLDV TXH SXHGDQ FDXVDU ULHVJRV G
  • 76. /DV DEHUWXUDV WHPSRUDOHV GHEHQ HVWDU SURWHJLGDV FRQ DOJ~Q PHGLR FRPR FHUFDV SURYLVLRQDOHV R EDUDQGDOHV GHVPRQWDEOHV GH XQD DOWXUD PtQLPD GH FP X RWUR PHGLR TXH SURSRUFLRQH SURWHFFLyQ GXUDQWH HO WLHPSR TXH VH UHTXLHUD OD DEHUWXUD H
  • 77. (O DQFKR GH ODV SXHUWDV TXH FRPXQLTXHQ D ORV SDWLRV GHEH VHU FRPR PtQLPR LJXDO DO DQFKR GHO YHKtFXOR PiV JUDQGH TXH FLUFXOH SRU HOODV PiV FP XDQGR pVWDV VH GHVWLQHQ VLPXOWiQHDPHQWH DO WUiQVLWR GH YHKtFXORV SHDWRQHV GHEHQ FRQWDU FRQ FP DGLFLRQDOHV SDUD HO WUiQVLWR GH SHDWRQHV GHOLPLWDGR R VHxDODGR PHGLDQWH IUDQMDV DPDULOODV HQ HO SLVR GH FXDQGR PHQRV FP GH DQFKR *XtDV HQ SLVR SDUD FRQGXFFLyQ GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO (O SDYLPHQWR WiFWLO IDFLOLWD HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO LQFRUSRUDQGR DO SLVR GH ODV EDQTXHWDV GRV FyGLJRV WH[WXUL]DGRV HQ VREUHUHOLHYH FRQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SRGRWiFWLOHV SDUD VHU UHFRQRFLGRV FRPR VHxDO GH DYDQFH VHJXUR WH[WXUD GH IUDQMDV ORQJLWXGLQDOHV
  • 78. SDUD DOHUWD GH GHWHQFLyQ R GH SUHFDXFLyQ WH[WXUD GH ERWRQHV
  • 79. (O DYDQFH FRQWHPSOD HO PRYLPLHQWR UHFWR ORV JLURV PRGHUDGRV (Q FDPELR OD DOHUWD VLJQLILFD HQ SULPHUD LQVWDQFLD GHWHQFLyQ OXHJR H[SORUDFLyQ LQGDJDWRULD GHO HQWRUQR HQ DOJXQRV FDVRV HO DYDQFH FRQ SUHFDXFLyQ /RV JLURV FHUUDGRV VXSHULRUHV D ž
  • 80. FRQYLHQH VHxDODUORV WDPELpQ FRQ WH[WXUDV GH DOHUWD
  • 81. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 12 + ' ' $ + / 'HVFULSFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD FULWHULRV JHQHUDOHV GH OD JXtD WiFWLO /RV SDYLPHQWRV WiFWLOHV GHEHQ VHU GH FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH SXHGHQ HVWDU LQWHJUDGRV DO DFDEDGR GHO SLVR VHU XQ HOHPHQWR WLSR ORVHWD R VREUHSXHVWRV 6H GLYLGHQ HQ GRV LQGLFDGRU GH DGYHUWHQFLD JXtD GH GLUHFFLyQ D
  • 82. *XtD GH GLUHFFLyQDYDQFH 6H XWLOL]D SDUD LQGLFDU HO UHFRUULGR GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO VH FRPSRQH GH EDUUDV SDUDOHODV D OD GLUHFFLyQ GH PDUFKD FRQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV HVSHFLILFDFLRQHV 9HU ILJXUD D
  • 83. + DOWXUD GH OD EDUUD PP $ DQFKR GH OD EDUUD PP / ORQJLWXG GH OD EDUUD HQ OD GLUHFFLyQ GH OD PDUFKD EROHDGD FP VHSDUDFLyQ HQWUH FHQWURV GH ODV EDUUDV PP VHSDUDFLyQ HQWUH HO ERUGH GH OD EDUUD DO ERUGH GHO PyGXOR PP 'LPHQVLyQ GHO PyGXOR PtQLPR SRU FP 7LSRV GH /RVHWDV RQVWUXFFLyQ GH 3DYLPHQWRV 7iFWLOHV 9LVWD VXSHULRU 'HWDOOHYLVWD ODWHUDO )LJXUD 1R D *XtD GH GLUHFFLyQDYDQFH E
  • 84. ,QGLFDGRU GH DGYHUWHQFLD 6H XWLOL]D SDUD LQGLFDU ]RQDV GH DOHUWD R SHOLJUR DSUR[LPDFLyQ D XQ REMHWR X REVWiFXOR FDPELR GH GLUHFFLyQ FDPELR GH QLYHO ILQ GH UHFRUULGR 6H FRPSRQH GH SDWURQHV GH FRQRV WUXQFDGRV FRQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV HVSHFLILFDFLRQHV 9HU )LJXUD E
  • 85. + DOWXUD GHO FRQR PP ' GLiPHWUR GHO FRQR HQWUH PP HQ OD SDUWH VXSHULRU ' GLiPHWUR GHO FRQR PP HQ OD EDVH VHSDUDFLyQ HQWUH FHQWURV GH ORV FRQRV PP VHSDUDFLyQ HQWUH ERUGH GHO FRQR DO ERUGH GHO PyGXOR PP 'LPHQVLyQ GHO PyGXOR PtQLPR SRU FP 9LVWD 6XSHULRU 'HWDOOHYLVWD ODWHUDO )LJXUD 1R E $OHUWD GHWHFFLyQ F
  • 86. (Q ODV HGLILFDFLRQHV R FRQMXQWR GH ODV PLVPDV ORV SDYLPHQWRV WiFWLOHV GHEHUiQ VHJXLU XQ PLVPR FULWHULR HQ VX GLVSRVLFLyQ IRUPD GLPHQVLyQ GH PyGXORV LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH ORV PDWHULDOHV XWLOL]DGRV /RV SDYLPHQWRV WiFWLOHV D OR ODUJR GH OD UXWD DFFHVLEOH VH FRPSRQHQ GH OD FRPELQDFLyQ GH LQGLFDGRU GH DGYHUWHQFLD JXtD GH GLUHFFLyQ
  • 87. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 13 ALER TA / D ETEN C IÓ N INTERSECCIÓN DIRECCIÓN DE AVANCE GIRO ANGULO MÁXIMO 45° ALERTA/EXPLORACIÓN (Opción 1) INTERSECCIÓN (Opción 2) G
  • 88. 'HEHQ HVWDU FRORFDGRV HQ HQWRUQRV XUEDQRV FRPR VRQ FUXFHV SHDWRQDOHV R FRQMXQWRV GH HGLILFLRV TXH LQYROXFUHQ UHFRUULGRV H[WHULRUHV H
  • 89. 'HEHQ HVWDU FRORFDGRV PtQLPR D FP GHO SDUDPHQWR YHUWLFDO DO FHQWUR GH OD JXtD I
  • 90. 'HEHQ FRORFDUVH D OR ODUJR GH OD UXWD DFFHVLEOH SUHIHUHQWHPHQWH DO FHQWUR UHVSHWDQGR HO HVSDFLDPLHQWR VHxDODGR J
  • 91. /D WHUPLQDFLyQ GH XQD JXtD GH GLUHFFLyQ GHEH FRQVWDU GH XQD IUDQMD SHUSHQGLFXODU GH PtQLPR WUHV PyGXORV GH SDYLPHQWR LQGLFDGRU GH DGYHUWHQFLD K
  • 92. /RV FDPELRV GH GLUHFFLyQ GHEHQ LQGLFDUVH FRQ XQ PyGXOR R FXDWUR PyGXORV GH LQGLFDGRUHV GH DGYHUWHQFLD GLVSXHVWRV HQ IRUPD FXDGUDGD HQ HO HMH GHO FUXFH TXH IRUPDQ ODV JXtDV GLUHFFLRQDOHV 9HU ILJXUDV F G
  • 93. L
  • 94. (O OtPLWH GH XQD EDQTXHWD FRQ HO FUXFH SHDWRQDO GHEH VHxDODUVH FRORFDQGR PtQLPR WUHV PyGXORV D OD WHUPLQDFLyQ GH OD JXtD GH GLUHFFLyQ R OtPLWH GH EDQTXHWD SXHGH VHU GH PDRU Q~PHUR VL HO DQFKR GHO FUXFH HV PDRU M
  • 95. /RV SDYLPHQWRV WiFWLOHV GHEHQ GHMDU OLEUHV ODV JXDUQLFLRQHV 9LVWD VXSHULRU )LJXUD 1R F 'LVSRVLFLRQHV 2SFLyQ
  • 96. 9LVWD VXSHULRU )LJXUD 1R G 'LVSRVLFLRQHV 2SFLyQ
  • 97.
  • 98. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 14 $QGDGRUHV %DQTXHWDV $GHPiV GH DFDWDU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GHWHUPLQDGDV HQ OD 5XWD $FFHVLEOH VH FXPSOLUi FRQ ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VLJXLHQWHV D
  • 99. (O DQFKR GH EDQTXHWDV TXH OOHYHQ D DFFHVRV GH SODQWHOHV VHUi GH FP FRPR PtQLPR D SDUWLU GHO DOLQHDPLHQWR KDFLD HO DUURR YHKLFXODU E
  • 100. /RV DUEXVWRV FRQWLJXRV GHEHQ HVWDU D QR PHQRV GH FP GHO DQGDGRU FRQ XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP GHO SLVR F
  • 101. /RV iUEROHV VH GHEHUiQ VHOHFFLRQDU GH WDO IRUPD TXH QR WHQJDQ UDtFHV JUDQGHV TXH SXHGDQ URPSHU HO SDYLPHQWR TXH QR WHQJDQ UDPDV TXHEUDGL]DV QL WLUHQ KRMDV HQ H[FHVR G
  • 102. /D VHxDOL]DFLyQ VHUi FRQ FDPELRV GH WH[WXUD SDUD RULHQWDU R LQGLFDU HO SHOLJUR D ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO H
  • 103. /DV HQWUHFDOOHV UHMLOODV WHQGUiQ XQD VHSDUDFLyQ Pi[LPD GH FP GHEHUiQ FRORFDUVH FRQ SODFDV UDQXUDGDV SHUSHQGLFXODUHV DO VHQWLGR GHO DQGDGRU SDUD HYLWDU TXH ORV HTXLSRV GH DSRR VH DWRUHQ I
  • 104. /DV HQWUDGDV UDPSDV SDUD DXWRV HQ EDQTXHWDV GHEHUiQ GLVHxDUVH GH WDO PDQHUD TXH QR VHDQ REVWiFXOR SDUD HO OLEUH WUiQVLWR J
  • 105. (Q ORV FDVRV TXH SRU OD PDJQLWXG GH OD XQLGDG HGXFDWLYD R HO HQWRUQR FLUFXQGDQWH VH WHQJD TXH KDFHU XVR GH VHPiIRURV R VHxDOHV YLDOHV pVWRV HVWDUiQ GRWDGRV GH VLVWHPDV VRQRURV H LQGLFDGRUHV GH WLHPSR SDUD VHU SHUFLELGRV SRU SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO DGHPiV GH RWRUJDU HO WLHPSR VXILFLHQWH D ORV GH OHQWR WUiQVLWR 3DVLOORV XPSOLUiQ FRQ ODV GLVSRVLFLRQHV GH OD 5XWD $FFHVLEOH DGHPiV GHEHUiQ WHQHU XQ VLVWHPD GH DODUPD VRQRUD OXPLQRVD GH HPHUJHQFLD FRQ GRV WLSRV GH OXFHV URMD DPDULOOD GLVSXHVWDV D FDGD P /D SULPHUD LQGLFD HPHUJHQFLD GH SULPHU JUDGR GRQGH VH WLHQH TXH HYDFXDU HO HGLILFLR OD VHJXQGD VHUi SDUD FDVRV GH HPHUJHQFLD HQ ORV TXH VH GHEH HYLWDU XWLOL]DU HOHYDGRUHV R GHWHUPLQDGDV ]RQDV GH SHOLJUR 9HU ILJXUD 1R D
  • 106. )LJXUD 1R D 3DVLOORV 2EVWiFXORV ILMRV D OD SDUHG XDQGR HQ ODV FLUFXODFLRQHV GH SDVLOORV EDQTXHWDV R DQGDGRUHV H[LVWDQ REVWiFXORV ILMRV D OD SDUHG HVWRV VREUHVDOJDQ PiV GH FP HO REVWiFXOR GHEH HVWDU XELFDGR D XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP VH LQVWDODUi HQ HO SDYLPHQWR D SDxR GHO OtPLWH H[WHULRU GHO REVWiFXOR XQ ERUGH EROHDGR GH FP SDUD LQGLFDU D OD SHUVRQD FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO OD H[LVWHQFLD GH HVWH 9HU ILJXUD 1R D
  • 107. (Q FDVR GH TXH VH H[FHGDQ ODV PHGLGDV VHxDODGDV VH LQVWDODUi SDYLPHQWR WiFWLO GH DGYHUWHQFLD SURWHFFLRQHV ODWHUDOHV R FXDOTXLHU RWUR HOHPHQWR TXH SHUPLWD VX GHWHFFLyQ FRQ HO SLH R HO EDVWyQ 120(1/$785$
  • 109. 6(f$/,=$,Ð1 21 /(75$6 6,67(0$ %5$,//(
  • 110. 6,67(0$ '( $/$50$ /80,126$ 62125$ 2/25(6 52-$ $0$5,//$
  • 111. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 15 )LJXUD 1R D 2EVWiFXORV HQ SDVLOORV EDQTXHWDV DQGDGRUHV ,58/$,21(6 9(57,$/(6 6RQ DTXHOORV HOHPHQWRV R PHGLRV TXH SHUPLWLUiQ D ORV XVXDULRV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG WUDQVSRUWDUVH KDFLD ORV GLVWLQWRV QLYHOHV R SLVRV TXH FRQIRUPHQ HO LQPXHEOH VX FRQMXQWR 7LSRV GH HOHPHQWRV HTXLSRV 6H FODVLILFDQ HQ • 5DPSDV • (VFDOHUDV • (OHYDGRUHV 3ODWDIRUPDV 5DPSDV D
  • 112. /D SHQGLHQWH Pi[LPD SHUPLVLEOH VHUi GHO E
  • 113. RQWDUi FRQ ERUGHV ODWHUDOHV GH FP GH DOWXUD PtQLPD Pi[LPD GH FP GH FP GH DQFKR F
  • 114. RQWDUi FRQ SDVDPDQRV HQ DPERV ODGRV GH OD UDPSD D EDVH GH WXEXODUHV GH FP GH GLiPHWUR HQ FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH FRQ UHVSHFWR DO HOHPHQWR GHOLPLWDQWH YHUWLFDO FRORFDGRV D FP XQ VHJXQGR D FP GHO QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR VHSDUDGRV FP GH OD SDUHG HQ VX FDVR VH SURORQJDUiQ FP HQ HO DUUDQTXH HQ OD OOHJDGD G
  • 115. 'HEHUiQ WHQHU XQ DQFKR PtQLPR GH FP OLEUHV HQWUH SDVDPDQRV (Q ODV UDPSDV LQWHULRUHV WHQGUi XQ DQFKR PtQLPR GH FP (Q DPERV FDVRV VL HV GREOH FLUFXODFLyQ GHEH VHU GH FP FRPR DQFKR PtQLPR DO VHU ~QLFR DFFHVR WRGR WLSR GH SHUVRQDV
  • 116. GHEH WHQHU FP GH DQFKR PtQLPR H
  • 117. 1R WHQGUi XQD ORQJLWXG PDRU GH FP GH ODUJR FXDQGR OD ORQJLWXG UHTXHULGD OD VREUHSDVH GHEHUiQ FRQVLGHUDUVH GHVFDQVRV LQWHUPHGLRV GH FP GH GLiPHWUR 9HU ILJXUDV 1R D D OD H
  • 118. )LJXUD 1R D 9LVWD 6XSHULRU 120(1/$785$
  • 122. 7,5$ 7É7,/ 2 $0%,2 2 $0%,2 '( 7(;785$
  • 123. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 16 )LJXUD 1R E 9LVWD /DWHUDO GH 5DPSD )LJXUD 1R F 9LVWD 6XSHULRU GH UDPSD GREOH )LJXUD 1R G RUWH WUDQVYHUVDO GH UDPSD )LJXUD 1R H 9LVWD ODWHUDO GH %RUGHV HQ UDPSD I
  • 124. 'HEHUi H[LVWLU XQ iUHD OLEUH R GHVFDQVR GH FP DQWHV GHVSXpV GH UDPSD SULQFLSDOPHQWH SUHYLR D ODV SXHUWDV GRQGH VH GHEH WRPDU HQ FXHQWD HO iUHD SDUD DEDWLPLHQWR HQ FDVR GH SXHUWDV TXH DEUDQ KDFLD IXHUD 120(1/$785$
  • 125. %$5$1'$/ '( 0 '( ',$0(752
  • 126. 3/$$ 0(7É/,$ 21 6,0%2/2*Ì$ (1 $/72 5(/,(9( 6,67(0$ %5$,/(
  • 128. 6,0%2/2 ,17(51$,21$/ '( $(6,%,/,'$'
  • 129. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 17 J
  • 130. /DV UDPSDV QXQFD WHUPLQDUiQ D SLH GH SXHUWD K
  • 131. (O SLVR GHEHUi VHU ILUPH XQLIRUPH DQWLGHUUDSDQWH L
  • 132. 7HQGUi FDPELRV GH WH[WXUD GH FP FRPR Pi[LPR SDUD LGHQWLILFDU HO iUHD GH DSUR[LPDFLyQ DO SULQFLSLR DO ILQDO GH OD UDPSD M
  • 133. 1R VH SHUPLWLUiQ UDPSDV FXUYDV SXHV GLILFXOWDQ OD FLUFXODFLyQ FRQ VLOODV GH UXHGDV /RV FDPELRV GH GLUHFFLyQ GHEHQ VHU KRUL]RQWDOHV N
  • 134. (Q HO FDVR GH OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GHO VtPEROR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG pVWH VyOR VH RFXSDUi FXDQGR VHDQ UDPSDV GH FDOOH SDUD TXH ORV YHKtFXORV QR VH HVWDFLRQHQ REVWUXDQ HO SDVR R ELHQ FXDQGR QR VHD IiFLO OD XELFDFLyQ GH OD UDPSD 5DPSDV GH %DQTXHWD 5%
  • 135. 6H HQWLHQGH SRU 5DPSDV GH %DQTXHWD 5%
  • 136. HO UHEDMH GH ODV JXDUQLFLRQHV GHO SDYLPHQWR KDVWD HO QLYHO GH FDOOH TXH WLHQH SRU ILQDOLGDG SHUPLWLU XQ FUXFH SHDWRQDO FyPRGR SDUD WRGR WUDQVH~QWH /D VXSHUILFLH GH ODV UDPSDV VHUi FRQWUDVWDQWH FRQ HO UHVWR GH ORV SDYLPHQWRV WDQWR HQ FRORU FRPR HQ WH[WXUD QR HV QHFHVDULR SLQWDU WRGD OD UDPSD SRGUi FRORFDUVH XQD IUDQMD GH FP GH DQFKR HQ WRGR VX SHUtPHWUR (O FDPELR GH WH[WXUD Vt GHEHUi DSOLFDUVH HQ WRGD OD VXSHUILFLH GH OD UDPSD VHUi DQWLGHUUDSDQWH 9HU ILJXUD D
  • 137. RPSRQHQWHV 5DPSD /D SHQGLHQWH Pi[LPD SHUPLVLEOH VHUi GHO $ODV 7HQGUiQ GHO ODGR GHO WULiQJXOR DGDFHQWH D OD FDOOH FP GH PDQHUD TXH FRLQFLGD FRQ OD JXDUQLFLyQ 3ODWDIRUPD 'HEH WHQHU HO DQFKR GH OD UDPSD VX GLPHQVLyQ WUDQVYHUVDO D OD FLUFXODFLyQ GHEHUi VHU LJXDO R VXSHULRU D FP 5HPDWH GH UDPSD /D SDUWH LQIHULRU GH OD UDPSD OD FDOOH GHEHUiQ HVWDU DO PLVPR QLYHO )LJXUD 1R D 9LVWD 6XSHULRU (VFDOHUDV (O DQFKR GH ODV HVFDOHUDV GHEH VHU GH FP PtQLPR FRQWDU FRQ EDUDQGDOHV D XQD DOWXUD GH FP HQ DPERV ODGRV GH OD HVFDOHUD $GHPiV GHEHUi H[LVWLU XQ FDPELR GH WH[WXUD GH FP Pi[LPR SUHYLR DO DUUDQTXH GH ORV HVFDORQHV DVt FRPR DO ILQDO GH ORV PLVPRV /RV HVFDORQHV QR GHEHUiQ WHQHU QDUL] QL KXHFRV HQWUH KXHOODV HO SHUDOWH GHEH VHU GH FP Pi[LPR
  • 138. WHQHU XQ FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH FRQ OD KXHOOD /DV KXHOODV VHUiQ GH FP FRQWDUiQ FRQ XQD IUDQMD DQWLGHUUDSDQWH WDPELpQ GH FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH D FP GHO ERUGH GH OD KXHOOD 9HU ILJXUD 1R D
  • 139. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 18 )LJXUD 1R D 9LVWD IURQWDO (VTXHPD GH HVFDOHUD $O SULQFLSLR ILQDO GHO EDUDQGDO VH GHEH FRQWDU FRQ HO Q~PHUR GH SLVR HQ %UDLOOH ORV EDUDQGDOHV GHEHQ SURORQJDUVH FP GHVSXpV GHO SULPHU ~OWLPR HVFDOyQ UHPDWDU HQ IRUPD EROHDGD 9HU ILJXUD 1RE
  • 140. 'HEDMR GH ODV HVFDOHUDV VH GHEH XELFDU DOJ~Q HOHPHQWR GH SURWHFFLyQ 9HU ILJXUD F
  • 141. R DYLVR SDUD HYLWDU HO FUXFH SHDWRQDO GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO HVWRV HOHPHQWRV GHEHQ XELFDUVH HQ OD LQWHUVHFFLyQ GHO SLVR FRQ OD UHIHUHQFLD GRQGH OD SDUWH LQIHULRU GH OD HVFDOHUD WLHQH XQD DOWXUD GH FP 9LVWD )URQWDO 'HWDOOH )LJXUD 1R E (VTXHPD GH HVFDOHUD )LJXUD 1RF 9LVWD /DWHUDO %DUDQGDO GH SURWHFFLyQ SDUD HYLWDU HO FUXFH SHDWRQDO (OHYDGRUHV 3ODWDIRUPDV (VWRV DSDUDWRV GHEHUiQ FXPSOLU FRQ ODV GLVSRVLFLRQHV GH IDEULFDFLyQ VHJXULGDG FRQWHQLGDV HQ OD QRUPD GH (OHYDGRUHV HOpFWULFRV GH WUDFFLyQ SDUD SDVDMHURV FDUJD ² (VSHFLILFDFLRQHV GH VHJXULGDG PpWRGRV GH SUXHED SDUD HTXLSRV QXHYRV SODWDIRUPDV HOpFWULFDV GH WUDFFLyQ SDUD SDVDMHURV 120 6), H ,62
  • 142. DVt FRPR ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH OD QRUPDWLYLGDG GH RQVWUXFFLyQ 3URWHFFLyQ LYLO GH OD ORFDOLGDG HQ TXH VH HQFXHQWUH HO SODQWHO 120(1/$785$
  • 143. 3(5$/7( '( 2/25 2175$67$17(6 21 /$ +8(//$
  • 144. %$5$1'$/ '( 0 21 ,1',$,21(6 '( 3,62 (1 $/72 5(/,(9( %5$,/(
  • 145. 6,67(0$ '( 6(f$/,=$,Ð10621252 21 /8= ,17(50,7(17( (1 52-2 $0$5,//2 0LQ %DUDQGDO 2SFLyQDO
  • 146. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 19 /RV HOHYDGRUHV SODWDIRUPDV FXPSOLUiQ GH PDQHUD HQXQFLDWLYD QR OLPLWDWLYD FRQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV FRQGLFLRQHV D
  • 147. /RV PDWHULDOHV XWLOL]DGRV SDUD OD IDEULFDFLyQ GH ODV FDELQDV GHEHQ VHU UHWDUGDQWHV DO IXHJR E
  • 148. /RV SLVRV VHUiQ DQWLGHUUDSDQWHV ODV SDUHGHV ODWHUDOHV OLVDV F
  • 149. RQWDUiQ FRQ SXOVDGRUHV GH DODUPD G
  • 150. 'HEHUiQ FRQWDU FRQ VHQVRUHV GH FLHUUH HQ SXHUWDV HQ FDVR GH HOHYDGRUHV DXWRPiWLFRV
  • 151. R ELHQ FRQ VLVWHPDV GH FLHUUH VHJXUR PDQXDO HQ HO FDVR GH SODWDIRUPDV R VHPLFDELQDV H
  • 152. 'HEHUi WHQHU XQ VLVWHPD GH WHOHIRQtD GHQWUR GH OD FDELQD I
  • 153. (O HVSDFLR OLEUH GH SDVR HQ ODV SXHUWDV VHUi GH FP FRPR PtQLPR J
  • 154. RQWDUi FRQ LGHQWLILFDFLyQ VRQRUD OXPLQRVD HQ HO LQWHULRU SDUD LQGLFDU HO Q~PHUR GH SLVR K
  • 155. (O QLYHO GHO HOHYDGRU R SODWDIRUPD FRLQFLGLUi FRQ HO QLYHO GH SLVR H[WHULRU (OHYDGRUHV 6H HQWHQGHUi FRPR XQ JDELQHWH FHUUDGR FRQ SXHUWD DXWRPDWL]DGD SDUD XVR GH SDVDMHURV TXH VH WUDQVSRUWD YHUWLFDOPHQWH GHQWUR GH XQ FXER HVWUXFWXUDO SHUPDQHQWH PHGLDQWH OD WUDFFLyQ GH XQ FDEOH PHWiOLFR SRU XQ PRWRU R SRU XQ VLVWHPD GH SLVWyQ KLGUiXOLFR JXLDGR SRU ULHOHV HO FXDO GHEHUi UHXQLU ODV VLJXLHQWHV FRQGLFLRQHV D
  • 156. /D GLPHQVLyQ PtQLPD OLEUH GH FDELQD VHUi GH P SRU P SDUD XQD SHUVRQD HQ VLOOD GH UXHGDV E
  • 157. 'HEH WHQHU XQD ERWRQHUD GH FRQWURO FRQ Q~PHURV HQ UHOLHYH VLVWHPD %UDLOOH DVt FRPR HQ PDFURWLSR DOWR FRQWUDVWH D OD L]TXLHUGD R GHEDMR GHO ERWyQ ODV ERWRQHUDV WHQGUiQ XQD DOWXUD GH FP GH 137 DO ERWyQ PiV DOWR 9HU ILJXUD 1RD
  • 158. 9LVWD /DWHUDO GH %RWRQHUD )LJXUD 1RD F
  • 159. 7LPEUH R FXDOTXLHU VLVWHPD VRQRUR TXH LQGLTXH HO SDVR SRU ORV SLVRV DXQTXH QR DEUD HQ HOORV G
  • 160. (O EDUDQGDO GREOH GHEH LU HQ ODV SDUHGHV GHO HOHYDGRU D XQD DOWXUD GH FP SDUD DGXOWRV FP SDUD QLxRV FRQ XQD VHSDUDFLyQ SHUSHQGLFXODU DO HOHYDGRU GH FP H
  • 161. (O WLHPSR PtQLPR GH WRWDO DSHUWXUD GH ODV SXHUWDV VHUi GH VHJXQGRV SDUD DX[LOLDU HO DVFHQVR R GHVFHQVR FRQ VLOOD GH UXHGDV I
  • 162. /DV SXHUWDV FRQWDUiQ FRQ XQ VHQVRU GH SUHVHQFLD SDUD GHWHFWDU HO DFFHVR GH ODV SHUVRQDV 3ODWDIRUPDV SDUD SHUVRQDV HQ VLOOD GH UXHGDV (V XQ HOHPHQWR FRPSXHVWR SRU HVWUXFWXUD PHWiOLFD ILMD XQD SODWDIRUPD PyYLO TXH VH GHVSOD]D PHGLDQWH WUDFFLyQ SRU FDEOH PRWRU R SRU VLVWHPDV KLGUiXOLFRV (Q HO FDVR GH ODV SODWDIRUPDV VHUYLUiQ H[FOXVLYDPHQWH SDUD XVR GH XQD VROD SHUVRQD HQ VLOOD GH UXHGDV ([LVWHQ GRV WLSRV SODWDIRUPD FHUUDGD R GH FDELQD FRPSOHWD SODWDIRUPD DELHUWD R GH PHGLD FDELQD ODV FXDOHV GHEHUiQ UHXQLU ODV VLJXLHQWHV FRQGLFLRQHV 9HU ILJXUDV D D OD F
  • 164. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 20 D
  • 165. 3ODWDIRUPD DELHUWD R GH PHGLD FDELQD VH XVDUiQ VyOR SDUD VDOYDU XQD DOWXUD GH P FRPR Pi[LPR E
  • 166. 3ODWDIRUPD FHUUDGD R GH FDELQD FRPSOHWD VH XVDUi SDUD VDOYDU XQ QLYHO FRPSOHWR R XQ Pi[LPR GH P GH DOWXUD F
  • 167. 7HQGUi XQ VHQVRU GH SUHVHQFLD SDUD GHWHFWDU HO DFFHVR GH ODV SHUVRQDV G
  • 168. 6LVWHPD SDUD EORTXHDU HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR YHUWLFDO FXDQGR HO XVXDULR VH HQFXHQWUH HQ PDQLREUDV GH DVFHQVR R GHVFHQVR GH OD SODWDIRUPD H
  • 169. 3URWHFFLyQ SDUD HYLWDU TXH HO XVXDULR VDTXH ODV PDQRV GH OD SODWDIRUPD GXUDQWH HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR I
  • 170. 3URWHFFLyQ GH LQWHPSHULH PHGLDQWH SDQHOHV SOiVWLFRV J
  • 171. 3URWHFFLyQ GH VX HVSDFLR GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR SDUD HYLWDU DFFLGHQWHV D WHUFHUDV SHUVRQDV )LJXUD 1RD 9LVWD 6XSHULRU 3HUVRQD HQ VLOODV GH UXHGDV FRQ DFRPSDxDQWH J
  • 172. DFRPSDxDGR SRU XQD SHUVRQD HUJXLGD GHWUiV GH HVWH )LJXUD 1RE 9LVWD )URQWDO GH %RWRQHUD )LJXUD 1R F 9LVWD /DWHUDO GH %RWRQHUD
  • 173. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 21 /2$/(6 6(59,,26 ',6326,,21(6 *(1(5$/(6 3$5$ /2$/(6 6(59,,26 (O DFFHVR FLUFXODFLyQ GHEHUiQ VHU OLEUHV VLQ REVWiFXORV GHVGH OD FDOOH GHVGH ODV iUHDV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR GH YHKtFXORV KDVWD ODV SODQWDV EDMDV GH WRGRV FDGD XQR GH ORV HGLILFLRV GH ORV SODQWHOHV HVFRODUHV D
  • 174. 6H LQGLFDUi VX DFFHVLELOLGDG FRQ HO ORJR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH GLVFDSDFLGDG E
  • 175. /D LOXPLQDFLyQ GHEHUi FXPSOLU FRQ OR HVWDEOHFLGR HQ HO YROXPHQ 7RPR , GH ODV QRUPDV HVSHFLILFDFLRQHV GHO ,1,)(' F
  • 176. $FFHVR PtQLPR GH FP OLEUHV GHQWUR GHO PDUFR G
  • 177. ÉUHD PtQLPD SDUD JLUDU FRQ VLOOD GH UXHGDV FP D ƒ GH FP D ƒ H
  • 178. 6L SUHVHQWD GHVQLYHO FRQVLGHUDU UDPSDV TXH FXPSOLUiQ FRQ OR GLVSXHVWR HQ HO DSDUWDGR I
  • 179. 6H HOLPLQDUiQ ORV HVWUDGRV HQ ]RQD GH SL]DUUyQ HQ DXODV ODERUDWRULRV WDOOHUHV VDOYR TXH FXPSODQ FRQ OD FRQGLFLyQ DQWHULRU J
  • 180. 7RGDV ODV SXHUWDV FXPSOLUiQ FRQ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GHO SXQWR GH HVWD QRUPD K
  • 181. RQWDUiQ FRQ VHxDODPLHQWR GH iUHD UHVHUYDGD SDUD VLOOD GH UXHGDV PXOHWDV R EDVWRQHV L
  • 182. RQWDUiQ FRQ XQ VLVWHPD GH DODUPD VRQRUD OXPLQRVD GH HPHUJHQFLD FRQ GRV WLSRV GH OXFHV URMD DPDULOOD OD SULPHUD LQGLFD HPHUJHQFLD GH SULPHU JUDGR GRQGH VH WLHQH TXH HYDFXDU HO HGLILFLR OD VHJXQGD VHUi SDUD FDVRV GH HPHUJHQFLD HQ ORV TXH VH GHEH HYLWDU XWLOL]DU HOHYDGRUHV R GHWHUPLQDGDV ]RQDV GH SHOLJUR $8/$6 (O OHFKR EDMR GH ORV SL]DUURQHV QR GHEHUi HVWDU D PiV GH FP GH DOWXUD UHVSHFWR DO QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR 9HU ILJXUD D
  • 183. D
  • 184. (O HVSDFLR HVWDUi OLEUH GH REVWiFXORV ILMRV QR LQYDGLUi ODV FLUFXODFLRQHV VH XELFDUi FHUFDQR DO DFFHVR E
  • 185. 6H GHVWLQDUiQ XQ HVSDFLR SRU FDGD DOXPQRV R IUDFFLyQ SDUD XVR H[FOXVLYR GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG )LJXUD 1R D /$%25$725,26 7$//(5(6 D
  • 186. 7HQGUiQ PHVDV GH WUDEDMR GH FP [ FP XQD DOWXUD OLEUH GH FP R PRELOLDULR DSURSLDGR SDUD TXH OD SHUVRQD FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG SXHGD GHVDUUROODU VXV DFWLYLGDGHV E
  • 187. 'HEHUi KDEHU SRU OR PHQRV XQD WDUMD FRQ DOWXUD GH FP FHUFDQD DO OXJDU DVLJQDGR SDUD OD SHUVRQD FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG %,%/,27($6 $GHPiV GH ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV LQGLFDGDV HQ HO DSDUWDGR GH HVWD QRUPD HVWRV ORFDOHV GHEHUiQ FRQWDU FRQ D
  • 188. (VSDFLR PtQLPR IUDQFR GHEDMR GHO JDELQHWH GH FP E
  • 189. $SDUDGRUHV DO DOFDQFH GH OD PDQR TXH SHUPLWDQ WRPDU ORV HMHPSODUHV GH FRVWDGR F
  • 190. )LFKHURV FRQVXOWD HOHFWUyQLFD FRQ XQD DOWXUD GH FP FRPR Pi[LPR G
  • 191. 3DVLOOR SDUD FRQVXOWD QR PHQRU GH FP
  • 192. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 22 H
  • 193. 0RELOLDULR DSURSLDGR SDUD TXH OD SHUVRQD FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG SXHGD GHVDUUROODU VXV DFWLYLGDGHV I
  • 194. ÉUHD SDUD DFHUYR GH OLEURV HQ HVFULWXUD %UDLOOH DXGLROLEURV J
  • 195. /XJDUHV HVSHFtILFRV SDUD FRQVXOWD GH DXGLROLEURV K
  • 196. 0RVWUDGRU SDUD DWHQFLyQ GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG FRQ DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP $8',725,26 F
  • 197. 6H GHVWLQDUiQ GRV HVSDFLRV SRU FDGD DVLVWHQWHV R IUDFFLyQ D SDUWLU GH VHVHQWD SDUD XVR H[FOXVLYR GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG )LJXUD D E
  • 198. G
  • 199. DGD HVSDFLR WHQGUi FP GH IUHQWH SRU FP GH IRQGR H LQPHGLDWR D XQD UXWD DFFHVLEOH H
  • 200. (O HVSDFLR HVWDUi OLEUH GH EXWDFDV ILMDV QR LQYDGLUi ODV FLUFXODFLRQHV VH XELFDUi FHUFDQR D ORV DFFHVRV VDOLGDV GH HPHUJHQFLD I
  • 201. (O HVSDFLR HVWDUi GHOLPLWDGR SRU EDUDQGDOHV R PXUHWHV VREUH WRGR GRQGH H[LVWDQ FDPELRV GH QLYHO
  • 202. SRU XQD IUDQMD SHULPHWUDO DPDULOOD DVt FRPR FRQ OD VLPERORJtD LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH iUHD UHVHUYDGD SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG J
  • 203. 6H XVDUiQ SLVRV ILUPHV QLYHODGRV DQWLGHUUDSDQWHV QR VH HPSOHDUiQ DOIRPEUDV HQ HVWDV VXSHUILFLHV 9LVWD 6XSHULRU 9LVWD /DWHUDO )LJXUD 1R D 2SFLyQ 120(/$785$
  • 204. É5($ 3$5$ 6,//$ '( 58('$6
  • 206. %87$$6
  • 207. '(/,0,7$,Ð1 21 $0%,2 '( 7(;785$ 2 $$%$'2
  • 208. *$1+2 3$5$ 2/*$5 08/(7$6
  • 209. 5$03$
  • 210. 6(f$/,=$,Ð1 (1 5(63$/'2 21 6Ì0%2/2 3(5621$6 21 ',6$3$,'$' $8',7,9$ 9,68$/ 2 08/(7$6
  • 211. 6(f$/,=$,Ð1 (1 3,62 21 6Ì0%2/2 '( 3(5621$6 21 ',6$3$,'$'
  • 212. 6,67(0$ '( 621,'2 *5$'8$%/( $8',)2126
  • 213. ',67$1,$ '( 3$17$//$ $ 35,0(5 ),/$
  • 217. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 23 9LVWD 6XSHULRU 9LVWD /DWHUDO )LJXUD 1R E 2SFLyQ 2,1(7$6 D
  • 218. 7RGR HO PRELOLDULR GHEHUi GH FRQWDU FRQ MDODGHUDV E
  • 219. /DV VXSHUILFLHV GH WUDEDMR WHQGUiQ XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP GH DOWXUD FRQ UHVSHFWR DO QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR F
  • 220. /DV HVWXIDV WHQGUiQ TXHPDGRUHV SDUDOHORV SHULOODV IURQWDOHV G
  • 221. 6H FRORFDUiQ IUHJDGHURV UHPHWLGRV FRQ XQD SURIXQGLGDG Pi[LPD GH FP FRQ OODYHV GH SDODQFD R HOHFWUyQLFDV FRQ VDOLGD GH DJXD LQWHUPLWHQWH H
  • 222. /RV HVWDQWHV DODFHQDV VXVSHQGLGRV WHQGUiQ XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP XQD DOWXUD PtQLPD GH FP GH VX SDUWH EDMD DO QLYHO GHO SLVR WHUPLQDGR I
  • 223. (O SLVR GHEHUi VHU ILUPH XQLIRUPH FRQ DFDEDGRV DQWLGHUUDSDQWHV 20('25(6 D
  • 224. 6H GHVWLQDUiQ SRU OR PHQRV GRV HVSDFLRV SRU FDGD FRPHQVDOHV SDUD XVR GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG E
  • 225. 6H UHFRPLHQGD XQ PtQLPR GH FP GH HVSDFLR GH FLUFXODFLyQ HQWUH PHVDV F
  • 226. /D VXSHUILFLH VXSHULRU GH ODV PHVDV WHQGUi XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP FRQ UHVSHFWR DO QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR G
  • 227. 6H XWLOL]DUiQ PHVDV GH SHGHVWDO R HPSRWUDGDV ODWHUDOPHQWH FRQ ORV ERUGHV EROHDGRV H
  • 228. (O SLVR GHEHUi VHU ILUPH XQLIRUPH FRQ DFDEDGR DQWLGHUUDSDQWH '250,725,26 D
  • 229. $ SDUWLU GH KDELWDFLRQHV VH FRQWDUi FRQ XQD SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG E
  • 230. (VWDV KDELWDFLRQHV VH XELFDUiQ HQ OD SODQWD EDMD FHUFDQDV D ODV iUHDV GH UHVJXDUGR F
  • 231. (O HVSDFLR PtQLPR HQWUH PXHEOHV VHUi GH FP G
  • 232. (O DSDJDGRU GH OX] WHOpIRQR VH FRORFDUiQ MXQWR D OD FDPD H
  • 233. /D DOWXUD GH OD FDPD VHUi GH D FP I
  • 234. (O JXDUGDGR HQ HQWUHSDxRV WHQGUi FRPR PtQLPR FP
  • 235. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 24 SANITARIO 'HWDOOH $ 'HWDOOH $ Pi[LPR FP GH DOWXUD FRQ FP GH SURIXQGLGDG J
  • 236. /D DOWXUD Pi[LPD SDUD HO iUHD GH FROJDGR GH URSD VHUi GH FP K
  • 237. /RV FRQWDFWRV HVWDUiQ D XQD DOWXUD GH HQWUH FP L
  • 238. /RV DSDJDGRUHV GH ODV FLUFXODFLRQHV KDELWDFLRQHV VDQLWDULRV HVWDUiQ LOXPLQDGRV 6$1,7$5,26 /RV LQPXHEOHV HGXFDWLYRV FRQWDUiQ FRQ PyGXORV VDQLWDULRV TXH UHXQLUiQ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV SDUD VX XVR SRU SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG ORV PyGXORV VHUiQ GH XVR PL[WR HVWDUiQ ORFDOL]DGRV DO IUHQWH GH ORV Q~FOHRV VDQLWDULRV QXQFD HQ OD SDUWH SRVWHULRU R DO IRQGR D
  • 239. 6H FRORFDUi XQ PyGXOR DGLFLRQDO SRU FDGD ,QRGRURV R ODYDERV H[LVWHQWHV HQ HO LQPXHEOH E
  • 240. RQWDUiQ FRQ OD VHxDOL]DFLyQ GHO VtPEROR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG FXPSOLHQGR FRQ ODV GLVSRVLFLRQHV GHO FDStWXOR HVWDUi FRORFDGD HQ HO PXUR MXQWR D OD SXHUWD D FP GHO PDUFR D XQD DOWXUD GH FP SDUD DGXOWRV FP SDUD QLxRV9HU ILJXUDV D F
  • 241. F
  • 242. XDQGR HO LQRGRUR HVWH FRQILQDGR HO HVSDFLR PtQLPR LQWHULRU UHTXHULGR VHUi GH FP GH IRQGR SRU FP GH IUHQWH 9HU ILJXUD E
  • 243. (Q HO FDVR TXH VH HQFXHQWUHQ LQRGRUR ODYDER HQ HO PLVPR HVSDFLR OD PHGLGD PtQLPD VHUi GH FP GH IRQGR SRU FP GH IUHQWH 9HU ILJXUDV D E
  • 244. G
  • 245. (O iUHD GH DSUR[LPDFLyQ PDQLREUDV GH OD VLOOD GH UXHGDV HVWDUi OLEUH GH REVWiFXORV )LJXUD 1R D 9LVWD )URQWDO 120(1/$785$
  • 247. 0$52 (1 2/25 2175$67(
  • 249. 6(f$/,=$,Ð1 7,32 %$1'(5$ 3(53(1',8/$5 $/ 0852
  • 250. =2/2
  • 251. 9LVWD 6XSHULRU )LJXUD 1R E )LJXUD 1R F 9LVWD )URQWDO 120(1/$785$
  • 253. %$55$ '( $322 '( $(52 ,12;,'$%/(
  • 254. *$1+2 '2%/( 3$5$ 08/(7$6 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' 3iJ 25 9LVWD )URQWDO ,QRGRUR D
  • 255. /D DOWXUD GHO DVLHQWR GHO LQRGRUR VHUi GH HQWUH VREUH HO QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR FRQ XQD VHSDUDFLy GH GLVWDQFLD HQWUH HO SDxR GH OD SDUHG HO FHQWUR E
  • 256. 6H FRORFDUiQ EDUUDV GH DSRR KRUL]RQWDO G GLiPHWUR FP GH ORQJLWXG HQ ODV SDUHGHV ODWHUD SRVWHULRU D XQD DOWXUD GH FP GHO QLYHO GH SLVR VHSDUDGDV FP GHO PXUR F
  • 257. 6H FRORFDUD XQD EDUUD YHUWLFDO GH FP GH GLiPHWU GH ORQJLWXG HQ OD SDUHG ODWHUDO PiV FHUF UHPDWH GH OD EDUUD KRUL]RQWDO IRUPDQGR XQD HVFXDGUD G
  • 258. /DV EDUUDV GH DSRR GHEHQ VHU GH SHUILO WXEXODU HQ LQR[LGDEOH WLSR FDOLEUH WHQGUiQ XQ VLVWHPD ILMDFLyQ D EDVH GH WDTXHWH H[SDQVLYR TXH JDUDQWLFH XQ HVIXHU]R GH WUDFFLyQ PtQLPD D NJ H
  • 259. DGD ,QRGRUR GHEH FRQWDU FRQ GRV JDQFKRV GREOHV D X DOWXUD GH FP FP FRQ GHVSOD]DPLHQWR ODWHU FP I
  • 260. /RV DFFHVRULRV VH FRORFDUiQ D XQD GLVWDQFLD Pi[LPD GHO ,QRGRUR FRQ XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP PtQL FP GH VX iUHD VXSHULRU GH DFFLRQDPLHQWR $%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR /D DOWXUD GHO DVLHQWR GHO LQRGRUR VHUi GH HQWUH FP VREUH HO QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR FRQ XQD VHSDUDFLyQ GH FP GH GLVWDQFLD HQWUH HO SDxR GH OD SDUHG HO FHQWUR GHO PXHEOH 6H FRORFDUiQ EDUUDV GH DSRR KRUL]RQWDO GH FP GH GLiPHWUR FP GH ORQJLWXG HQ ODV SDUHGHV ODWHUDO SRVWHULRU D XQD DOWXUD GH FP GHO QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR 6H FRORFDUD XQD EDUUD YHUWLFDO GH FP GH GLiPHWUR FP GH ORQJLWXG HQ OD SDUHG ODWHUDO PiV FHUFDQD DO LQRGRUR HQ HO UHPDWH GH OD EDUUD KRUL]RQWDO IRUPDQGR XQD HVFXDGUD /DV EDUUDV GH DSRR GHEHQ VHU GH SHUILO WXEXODU HQ DFHUR LQR[LGDEOH WLSR FDOLEUH WHQGUiQ XQ VLVWHPD GH WDTXHWH H[SDQVLYR TXH JDUDQWLFH XQ HVIXHU]R DGD ,QRGRUR GHEH FRQWDU FRQ GRV JDQFKRV GREOHV D XQD DOWXUD GH FP FP FRQ GHVSOD]DPLHQWR ODWHUDO GH /RV DFFHVRULRV VH FRORFDUiQ D XQD GLVWDQFLD Pi[LPD GH FP GHO ,QRGRUR FRQ XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP PtQLPD GH FP GH VX iUHD VXSHULRU GH DFFLRQDPLHQWR
  • 261. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 26 9LVWD VXSHULRU )LJXUD 1R D 6DQLWDULR FRQ ,QRGRUR /DYDER
  • 262. 9LVWD )URQWDO 9LVWD /DWHUDO )LJXUD 1R E 6DQLWDULR FRQ ,QRGRUR /DYDER 120(1/$785$
  • 263. %$55$ '( $(52 ,12;,'$%/(
  • 265. *$1+2 0(168/$ 3$5$ 2/*$5 08/(7$6
  • 268. /$9$%2
  • 269. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 27 0LQJLWRULR D
  • 270. +DEUi FRPR PtQLPR XQ PLQJLWRULR FRQ XQD GLVWDQFLD OLEUH GH FP GH VX HMH D FXDOTXLHU REVWiFXOR SRU DPERV ODGRV E
  • 271. (O ERUGH VXSHULRU GHO XULQDULR VH HQFRQWUDUi D FP GH DOWXUD VREUH HO QLYHO GHO SLVR WHUPLQDGR F
  • 272. (VWDUi GRWDGR FRQ EDUUDV GH DSRR YHUWLFDOHV UHFWDV XELFDGDV VREUH OD SDUHG SRVWHULRU D DPERV ODGRV GHO PLQJLWRULR D XQD GLVWDQFLD GH FP FRQ UHODFLyQ DO HMH GHO PXHEOH XQD VHSDUDFLyQ GH FP FRQ OD SDUHG SRVWHULRU XQD DOWXUD VREUH SLVR GH FP HQ VX SDUWH LQIHULRU FP HQ VX SDUWH VXSHULRU G
  • 273. /DV EDUUDV GH DSRR GHEHQ VHU GH SHUILO WXEXODU HQ DFHUR LQR[LGDEOH WLSR FDOLEUH WHQGUiQ XQ VLVWHPD GH ILMDFLyQ D EDVH GH WDTXHWH H[SDQVLYR TXH JDUDQWLFH XQ HVIXHU]R GH WUDFFLyQ PtQLPD D NJ 9HU ILJXUDV D D OD F
  • 274. 9LVWD 6XSHULRU )LJXUD 1R D 9LVWD )URQWDO )LJXUD 1R E 9LVWD /DWHUDO )LJXUD 1R F 0LQJLWRULR SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 120(1/$785$
  • 275. %$55$ '( $322 '( $(52 ,12;,'$%/(
  • 277. *$1+2 2 0(168/$ 3$5$ 2/*$5 08/(7$6
  • 278. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 28 /DYDER D
  • 279. 6H FRORFDUi XQ ODYDER D FP GH DOWXUD VREUH HO SLVR WHUPLQDGR D XQD GLVWDQFLD GH FP HQWUH ODYDERV WRPDGRV GH HMH D HMH E
  • 280. RQWDUi FRQ OODYHV PDQHUDOHV
  • 281. WLSR SDODQFD D Pi[LPR FP GH SURIXQGLGDG GHVGH HO ERUGH IURQWDO GHO ODYDER DO PHFDQLVPR GH DFFLRQDPLHQWR F
  • 282. (O PXHEOH GHEH WHQHU HPSRWUH GH ILMDFLyQ R PpQVXOD GH VRVWpQ SDUD VRSRUWDU HO HVIXHU]R JHQHUDGR SRU HO XVXDULR GH NJ G
  • 283. 1R VH GHEHUiQ FRORFDU VRSRUWHV DOUHGHGRU GHO ODYDER SXHV HV LQGLVSHQVDEOH HO HVSDFLR SDUD PDQLREUDU HQ VLOOD GH UXHGDV H
  • 284. (O HVSHMR HVWDUi XELFDGR D XQD DOWXUD GH FP GHO QLYHO GHO SLVR WHUPLQDGR FRQ XQ iQJXOR GH ž GH LQFOLQDFLyQ I
  • 285. /RV DFFHVRULRV FRPR MDERQHUDV GLVSHQVDGRUHV GH SDSHO R WRDOODV GHEHQ FRORFDUVH D XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH HQWUH FP FP GH DOWXUD DO PHFDQLVPR GH DFFLRQDPLHQWR HQ FDVR GH HQFRQWUDUVH IXHUD GHO iUHD GHO ODYDER J
  • 286. (Q FDVR GH TXH ORV DFFHVRULRV VH HQFXHQWUHQ VREUH HO iUHD GHO ODYDER VH FRORFDUiQ D Pi[LPR FP GH SURIXQGLGDG D SDUWLU GHO ERUGH IURQWDO GHO ODYDER DO PHFDQLVPR GH DFFLRQDPLHQWR D XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP 9HU ILJXUD D
  • 287. 7DEOD DOWXUD GH PXHEOHV SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 0RELOLDULR$OWXUDV /DYDER 0LQJLWRULR : -yYHQHV DGXOWRV PP PP PP 1LxRV PP PP PP 9LVWD )URQWDO 9LVWD /DWHUDO )LJXUD 1R D /DYDER SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 120(1/$785$
  • 289. /$9$%2
  • 290. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 29 9(67,'25(6 D
  • 291. 6H FRORFDUi SRU OR PHQRV XQ YHVWLGRU SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG FRQ DFFHVR OLEUH GH REVWiFXORV IiFLOPHQWH LGHQWLILFDEOH FRQ HO 6tPEROR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GH $FFHVLELOLGDG E
  • 292. 6H FRORFDUiQ EDUUDV GH DSRR KRUL]RQWDO GH FP GH GLiPHWUR FP GH ORQJLWXG HQ ODV SDUHGHV ODWHUDO SRVWHULRU XQD EDUUD KRUL]RQWDO D XQD DOWXUD GH FP XQD EDUUD YHUWLFDO D XQD DOWXUD GH FP GHO QLYHO GH SLVR F
  • 293. /DV EDUUDV GH DSRR GHEHQ VHU GH SHUILO WXEXODU HQ DFHUR LQR[LGDEOH WLSR FDOLEUH WHQGUiQ XQ VLVWHPD GH ILMDFLyQ D EDVH GH WDTXHWH H[SDQVLYR TXH JDUDQWLFH XQ HVIXHU]R GH WUDFFLyQ PtQLPD D NJ G
  • 294. 6H FRORFDUi XQ JDQFKR SDUD PXOHWDV D XQD DOWXUD GH FP H
  • 295. 6H FRORFDUi HO JDQFKR SDUD URSD D XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP I
  • 296. /DV EDQFDV WHQGUiQ FP GH DQFKR GH D FP GH DOWXUD FRQ DFDEDGR DQWLGHUUDSDQWH GH IiFLO PDQWHQLPLHQWR 9HU )LJXUD D
  • 297. J
  • 298. (O SLVR VHUi ILUPH XQLIRUPH FRQ DFDEDGR DQWLGHUUDSDQWH 9LVWD 6XSHULRU 9LVWD /DWHUDO )LJXUD 1RD %DQFD HQ YHVWLGRU 120(1/$785$
  • 299. %$1$ 21 $$%$'2 (5É0,2
  • 300. %$55$6 '( $322 +25,=217$/ 9(57,$/
  • 301. *$1+2 '2%/( 3$5$ 08/(7$6
  • 303. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 30 5(*$'(5$6 D
  • 304. 6H GHEHUi FRQWDU FRQ XQ iUHD GH UHJDGHUD DFFHVLEOH SDUD FDGD JpQHUR E
  • 305. (O iUHD GH UHJDGHUD QR WHQGUi VDUGLQHO FRQWDUi FRQ XQD SHQGLHQWH Pi[LPD GHO GHVDJH DO LQWHULRU F
  • 306. 6H FRORFDUi XQD UHJDGHUD ILMD RWUD WLSR WHOpIRQR FRQ EDUUD YHUWLFDO FRQ VDOLGD D OD DOWXUD GH ORV PDQHUDOHV GH DOWXUD JUDGXDEOH PHGLDQWH OD EDUUD YHUWLFDO TXH VLUYD D SHUVRQDV HQ VLOOD GH UXHGDV SHUVRQDV D SLH G
  • 307. 6H FRORFDUiQ MDERQHUDV FRQ DJDUUDGHUD D XQD DOWXUD Pi[LPD GH FP H
  • 308. RQWDUi FRQ EDUUDV GH DSRR KRUL]RQWDO GH FP GH GLiPHWUR FP GH ORQJLWXG HQ ODV SDUHGHV ODWHUDO SRVWHULRU XQD EDUUD KRUL]RQWDO D XQD DOWXUD GH FP XQD EDUUD YHUWLFDO D XQD DOWXUD GH FP GHO QLYHO GH SLVR I
  • 309. /DV EDUUDV HVWDUiQ VHSDUDGDV GHO PXUR FP FRQWDUiQ FRQ XQ VLVWHPD GH ILMDFLyQ D EDVH GH WDTXHWH H[SDQVLYR TXH JDUDQWLFH XQ HVIXHU]R GH WUDFFLyQ PtQLPD D NJ J
  • 310. 6H SRGUi IDEULFDU XQD EDQFD FRPR DVLHQWR GH EDxR KHFKD HQ PDPSRVWHUtD FRQ HVTXLQDV EROHDGDV DFDEDGR VLPLODU DO SLVR R SDUHGHV GHO EDxR 9HU ILJXUD D
  • 311. 9LVWD )URQWDO 9LVWD 6XSHULRU )LJXUD 1RD 5HJDGHUDV SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 120(1/$785$
  • 313. %$1$
  • 316. 0$1(5$/(6 7,32 $/(7$ 2 3$/$1$
  • 318. 5(*$'(5$ 3$5$ 3(5621$ 21 ',6$3$,'$' '( 3,(
  • 319. 5(*$'(5$ 3$5$ 3(5621$ 21 ',6$3$,'$' (1 6,//$ '( 58('$6
  • 322. 6(1625 3$5$ $7,9$5 5(*$'(5$
  • 323. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 31 (67$,21$0,(1726 6H UHVHUYDUi XQ iUHD H[FOXVLYD GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR SDUD ORV DXWRPyYLOHV TXH WUDQVSRUWDQ R VRQ FRQGXFLGRV SRU SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG FRQWDQGR FRQ XQ OXJDU GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR SRU FDGD FDMRQHV R IUDFFLyQ TXH UH~QD ODV VLJXLHQWHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV 9HU ILJXUDV 1R D D OD H
  • 324. D
  • 325. 6H XELFDUi OR PiV FHUFD SRVLEOH D OD HQWUDGD GHO HGLILFLR E
  • 326. /DV PHGLGDV PtQLPDV GHO FDMyQ HQ EDWHUtD VHUiQ GH FP GH IRQGR SRU FP GH IUHQWH (Q HO FDVR GH HVWDU HQ FRUGyQ ORV PtQLPRV VHUiQ FP GH ODUJR SRU FP GH DQFKR F
  • 327. RQWDUiQ FRQ VHxDODPLHQWR KRUL]RQWDO SLQWDGR HQ HO SLVR
  • 328. FRQ HO VtPEROR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH DFFHVR D SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG GH FP SRU FP HQ PHGLR GHO FDMyQ XQ OHWUHUR FRQ HO PLVPR VtPEROR GH FP SRU FP FRORFDGR D FP GH DOWXUD 6H FRORFDUi XQ HOHPHQWR SRU FDGD FDMRQHV GH IRUPD TXH VHD YLVLEOH D ORV FRQGXFWRUHV SHUR TXH QR FRQVWLWXD XQ REVWiFXOR G
  • 329. 6H SLQWDUiQ OtQHDV GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD HQ FRORU DPDULOOR WUiQVLWR GH FP GH DQFKR H
  • 330. XDQGR QR H[LVWD HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR VH UHVHUYDUi XQ OXJDU VREUH OD FDOOH OR PiV FHUFDQR DO DFFHVR SULQFLSDO I
  • 331. (V FRQYHQLHQWH SURWHJHUORV GHO VRO OOXYLD )LJXUD 1RD DMyQ HQ %DWHUtD )LJXUD 1RE DMyQ HQ RUGyQ
  • 332. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 32 )LJXUD 1RF DMyQ UHVHUYDGR HQ DFRPRGR ƒ )LJXUD 1RG 3DVR SHDWRQDO HQ HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR )LJXUD 1RH 6HxDODPLHQWR HQ HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
  • 333. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 33 6,0%2/2*Ì$ (O 6tPEROR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GH $FFHVLELOLGDG VH XWLOL]DUi HQ HGLILFLRV H LQVWDODFLRQHV GHVWLQDGDV D OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD LQGLFDU HQWUDGDV DFFHVLEOHV UHFRUULGRV HVWDFLRQDPLHQWRV UDPSDV EDxRV WHOpIRQRV GHPiV OXJDUHV DGDSWDGRV SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 9HU ILJXUD 1RD
  • 334. )LJXUD 1R D RQVLVWH HQ XQD ILJXUD KXPDQD HVWLOL]DGD GH SHUILO HQ VLOOD GH UXHGDV XQ FXDGUR SODQR FRQ FDUD D OD GHUHFKD 6L LQGLFD XQD GLUHFFLyQ GHEH HVWDU FRQ OD FDUD KDFLD OD GHUHFKD R D OD L]TXLHUGD 6H SXHGH KDFHU HQ SODFD PHWiOLFD OiPLQDV FDOFRPDQtDV DGKHULEOHV R SLQWDGD VREUH DOJXQD VXSHUILFLH 'HEH VHU EODQFR VREUH XQ IRQGR D]XO 3DQWRQH 1R FRORU GHO FyGLJR LQWHUQDFLRQDO
  • 335. HQ PXURV VX VHxDODPLHQWR HQ SDYLPHQWRV VH KDUi GH FRORU DPDULOOR WUiQVLWR 'HEH FRORFDUVH HQ ORV VLWLRV GRQGH KDD DFFHVLELOLGDG SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG HVWDU VLHPSUH D OD YLVWD 9HU ILJXUD 1RE
  • 336. )LJXUD 1R E 6,0%2/2*Ì$ (1 /$6 9Ì$6 (;7(5,25(6 /D VHxDOL]DFLyQ GHEH FRORFDUVH WRPDQGR HQ FXHQWD ORV iQJXORV DGHFXDGRV GH OD YLVLELOLGDG FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH DO RMR KXPDQR (Q OD SDUWH GHUHFKD R L]TXLHUGD GHO FUXFH GH SHDWRQHV HQ HVTXLQD VH FRORFDUi XQ VHxDODPLHQWR FRQ ORV VtPERORV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 7DPELpQ GHEH H[LVWLU XQ GLVSRVLWLYR VRQRUR TXH LQGLTXH HO FDPELR GH VHxDO HQ FDVR GH H[LVWLU XQ VHPiIRUR /D VHxDOL]DFLyQ LQIRUPDWLYD RULHQWDWLYD GLUHFFLRQDO LGHQWLILFDWLYD UHJXODGRUD GHEH LQVWDODUVH SUHYLR HVWXGLR GH VX IXQFLRQDOLGDG SDUD HO VHFWRU GH SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 6,0%2/2*Ì$ 3$5$ 3(5621$6 21 ',6$3$,'$' 9,68$/ %UDLOOH (O %UDLOOH HV XQ VLVWHPD XQLYHUVDO GH OHFWRHVFULWXUD SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO TXH XWLOL]DQ HO WDFWR SDUD LQWHUSUHWDUOR PHGLRV PDQXDOHV PHFiQLFRV R LQIRUPDWL]DGRV SDUD HVFULELUOR (O VLVWHPD %UDLOOH VH EDVD HQ OD GLVSRVLFLyQ RUGHQDGD GH VHLV SXQWRV HQ DOWR UHOLHYH HQ GRV FROXPQDV WUHV ILODV D HVWD PDWUL] VH OH FRQRFH FRPR VLJQR JHQHUDGRU /RV SXQWRV WLHQHQ HO VLJXLHQWH RUGHQ 9HU ILJXUD 1R D
  • 337. )LJXUD 1R D 6LJQR JHQHUDGRU FRQ ORV SXQWRV QXPHUDGRV
  • 338. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 34 D E F G H I PP PP (O VLVWHPD SRU Vt PLVPR RIUHFH FRPELQDFLRQHV SRVLEOHV FRQ ODV FXDOHV VH SXHGHQ UHSUHVHQWDU OHWUDV Q~PHURV VLJQRV GH SXQWXDFLyQ FLHQWtILFRV R PXVLFDOHV HO HVSDFLR HQ EODQFR HQWUH DOJXQRV RWURV 3DUD VX HVFULWXUD H LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ VH GLVSRQHQ GH GLVWLQWRV PDQXDOHV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV GH VLJQRJUDItD %UDLOOH (O VLVWHPD %UDLOOH GLVSRQH GH XQD PHGLGD HVWDQGDUL]DGD LQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWH SRU OR TXH GHEHUiQ UHVSHWDUVH GLFKRV SDUiPHWURV SDUD VX FRUUHFWD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ 9HU ILJXUD 1RE
  • 339. )LJXUD 1RE D GLVWDQFLD KRUL]RQWDO HQWUH ORV FHQWURV GH SXQWRV FRQWLJXRV GH OD PLVPD FHOGD GH D FP E GLVWDQFLD YHUWLFDO HQWUH ORV FHQWURV GH SXQWRV FRQWLJXRV GH OD PLVPD FHOGD GH D FP F GLVWDQFLD HQWUH ORV FHQWURV GH SXQWRV HQ LGpQWLFD SRVLFLyQ HQ FHOGDV FRQWLJXDV GH D FP G GLVWDQFLDV HQWUH ORV FHQWURV GH SXQWRV HQ LGpQWLFD SRVLFLyQ HQ OtQHDV FRQWLJXDV D FP H GLiPHWUR GH OD EDVH GH ORV SXQWRV HQWUH FP I DOWXUD GHO UHOLHYH GH ORV SXQWRV FP D FP (MHPSORV 9HU )LJXUD 1RF
  • 340. )LJXUD 1R F )LJXUD 1R G )LJXUD 1R H
  • 341. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 35 /D HVFULWXUD HQ %UDLOOH GHQWUR GH XQ VHxDODPLHQWR VH FRORFD HQ OD HVTXLQD LQIHULRU L]TXLHUGD GH OD PLVPD D XQD GLVWDQFLD GH HQWUH FP FP GHO ERUGH GH OD PLVPD 9HU ILJXUD F D OD H
  • 342. $OWR UHOLHYH a) /RV Q~PHURV GHEHQ VHU GH WLSR DUiELJR b) (Q ORV OHWUHURV WiFWLOHV ODV OHWUDV R Q~PHURV WHQGUiQ FP GH UHOLHYH ERUGHV DJXGRV c) /DV OHWUDV R ILJXUDV GHEHUiQ FRQWUDVWDU PtQLPR GH FRQWUDVWH
  • 343. FODUDPHQWH FRQ HO IRQGR HQ HO TXH VH XELTXH d) (O WLSR GH OHWUD VHUi WLSR $ULDO $YHQLU $YHQLU +HDY TXH HV OHJLEOH FRP~Q e) 6H GHEH XWLOL]DU XQ IRUPDWR FRORU HVWLOR ORFDOL]DFLyQ XQLIRUPH SDUD FDGD WLSR GH OHWUHUR ODV IUDVHV GHEHQ VHU FRUWDV IDPLOLDUHV 0DFURWLSRV RQWUDVWH 0DFURWLSRV FRQWUDVWHV HV XQ VLVWHPD TXH DSRD D ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO D WUDYpV GH WH[WR FRQ GLIHUHQWHV WDPDxRV GH OHWUDV FRQWUDVWHV )LJXUD 1R D (O RQWUDVWH HQWUH HO FRORU GHO IRQGR HO IURQWDO GH XQ HOHPHQWR GHEH VHU FRPR PtQLPR GHO SRU HMHPSOR FODUR VREUH IRQGR RVFXUR X RVFXUR VREUH IRQGR FODUR 9HU ILJXUD 1R D
  • 344. /D VHxDOL]DFLyQ FRQ HVWH VLVWHPD GHEHUi FXPSOLU FRQ OR VLJXLHQWH D
  • 345. /D VHxDOL]DFLyQ SRVLFLRQDO GLUHFFLRQDO GHEH FRQWUDVWDU FRQ HO IRQGR HQ HO TXH VH HQFXHQWUH E
  • 346. 'HEH VHU HQ OD PHGLGD GH OR SRVLEOH XQLIRUPH PHGLDQWH GLIHUHQFLDFLyQ GH FRORUHV GH ORV GLVWLQWRV HVSDFLRV F
  • 347. (O WDPDxR GH ODV OHWUDV Q~PHURV GHEHUi VHU OHJLEOH WDQWR GH FHUFD FRPR D FLHUWD GLVWDQFLD FRQWUDVWDQGR ODV OHWUDV HQ FRORU FRQ HO IRQGR G
  • 348. /D PLVPD GHEH VHU HQ OHQJXDMH VLPSOLILFDGR FRQFUHWR H
  • 349. /D VHxDOL]DFLyQ HQ VXHORV SDUHGHV GHEHUi VHU PDWH DSDUWH GH HYLGHQWHPHQWH DQWLGHVOL]DQWH
  • 350. SDUD DVt HYLWDU GHVOXPEUDPLHQWRV UHIOHMDGRV TXH GLILFXOWDUtDQ OD YLVLELOLGDG f) /RV FDUWHOHV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ GHEHQ FRQWUDVWDU FRQ HO IRQGR HQ HO TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ FRQVLGHUDQGR HO UHVDOWH FURPiWLFR GH SXHUWDV HVTXLQDV ERUGHV UDPSDV HVFDOHUDV DFFHVRV D HOHYDGRUHVSODWDIRUPDV DVt FRPR ORV SXQWRV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ SLFDSRUWHV GH DVHRV ERWRQHUDV MDODGHUDV FXDOTXLHU HOHPHQWR TXH SXHGD VXSRQHU XQD EDUUHUD DUTXLWHFWyQLFD X REVWiFXOR DUDFWHUtVWLFDV *HQHUDOHV GH VLPERORJtD SDUD OHWUHURV D
  • 351. (Q WRGRV ORV FDVRV ORV OHWUHURV FRQWHQGUiQ 0DFURWLSRV 3LFWRJUDPDV OHQJXDMH %UDLOOH EDMR ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHVFULWDV FRQ DQWHULRULGDG E
  • 352. /DV OHWUDV GHPiV VtPERORV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV GHEHUiQ VHU GH FP FRPR PtQLPR GH DOWXUD GH FRORU FRQWUDVWDQWH FRQ HO IRQGR 9HU ILJXUD 1R D
  • 353. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 36 )LJXUD 1R D F
  • 354. (O WDPDxR GH OD WLSRJUDItD HVWi HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD GLVWDQFLD D OD TXH VH OHHUi HO VHxDODPLHQWR 9HU ILJXUD 1R E
  • 356. /RV UyWXORV FRQ WH[WRV FRUWRV SXHGHQ LU FHQWUDGRV HQ HO VHxDODPLHQWR /RV GH PiV GH SDODEUDV GHEHQ LU MXVWLILFDGRV DO PDUJHQ L]TXLHUGR GH OD PLVPD 9HU ILJXUD 1R E
  • 357. H
  • 358. /D FRORFDFLyQ GHO VHxDODPLHQWR SHUPLWLUi XQD ]RQD GH EDUULGR HUJRQyPLFR DO DOFDQFH GH OD PDQR HQ XQD SRVLFLyQ FyPRGD FRQ XQ PRYLPLHQWR GH EUD]R IOH[LRQDGR HQ ž DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH D XQD DOWXUD GH FP SDUD DGXOWRV FP SDUD QLxR )XHUD GH HVWD ]RQD QR VH GHEH LQVHUWDU WH[WR HQ %UDLOOH 9HU ILJXUDV F G
  • 360. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 37 )LJXUD 1R G I
  • 361. /DV GLPHQVLRQHV GH OD SODFD GH VHxDODPLHQWR VHUiQ HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ VH XELFDUi D HMH GH OD SXHUWD R ELHQ HQ OD SDUHG TXH HVWp DO ODGR GH OD PDQLMD D FP J
  • 362. (Q SXHUWDV OD VHxDOL]DFLyQ %UDLOOH VH XELFDUi D HMH GH OD SXHUWD R ELHQ HQ OD SDUHG TXH HVWp DO ODGR GH OD PDQLMD GH pVWD D FP (Q EDxRV VDQLWDULRV VH FRORFDUi D HMH GH OD SXHUWD R ELHQ HQ OD SDUHG TXH HVWp DO ODGR GH OD PDQLMD K
  • 363. XDQGR H[LVWDQ SXHUWDV GH GREOH KRMD R QR H[LVWD SXHUWD OD VHxDOL]DFLyQ GHEH HVWDU FRORFDGD HQ OD SDUHG PiV FHUFDQD L
  • 364. (Q UDPSDV HVFDOHUDV R LQWHUVHFFLyQ GH SDVLOORV TXH WHQJDQ EDUDQGDO VH SRQGUi HQ HO LQLFLR R ILQDO XQD VHxDO HQ %UDLOOH TXH LQGLTXH HO Q~PHUR GH SLVR R GH UHIHUHQFLD GH DOJXQD VHxDOL]DFLyQ HQ PXUR 9HU ILJXUDV 1R D E
  • 365. M
  • 366. (Q HO FDVR GH ODV FLUFXODFLRQHV YHUWLFDOHV HOHYDGRUHV
  • 367. ORV ERWRQHV FRQWDUiQ FRQ Q~PHURV DUiELJRV HQ UHOLHYH FDUDFWHUHV HQ OHQJXDMH %UDLOOH PDFURWLSRDOWR FRQWUDVWH ORV FXDOHV VH XELFDUiQ DO ODGR L]TXLHUGR R DEDMR GHO ERWyQ 9HU )LJXUD 1R H
  • 369. (Q ]RQDV GH WHOpIRQRV VH FRORFDUi XQD UHSLVD VLQ ILORV D XQD DOWXUD GH FP VREUH QLYHO GH SLVR WHUPLQDGR SDUD XELFDU XQ GLUHFWRULR HQ %UDLOOH FRQ ORV WHOpIRQRV GH HPHUJHQFLD /HWUHURV (VWRV UHIHULUiQ HO XVR H[FOXVLYR SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG HVWDUiQ FRORFDGRV SDUD OD ORFDOL]DFLyQ GH VHUYLFLRV WDOHV FRPR FDMRQHV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR HOHYDGRUHV R SODWDIRUPDV PyGXORV VDQLWDULRV YHVWLGRUHV UHJDGHUDV
  • 370. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 38 3527(,Ð1 ,9,/ /DV ]RQDV GH VHJXULGDG GHEHUiQ FRQWDU FRQ HVSDFLRV H[FOXVLYRV SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG ODV FXDOHV GHEHUiQ HQFRQWUDUVH HQ iUHDV TXH SRU VX XELFDFLyQ PDWHULD HVWUXFWXUDO VHDQ VHJXUDV SDUD VX UHVJXDUGR HQ FDVR GH DOJ~Q VLQLHVWUR QR SRGUiQ HVWDU XELFDGDV HQ HVFDOHUDV DFFHVRV R YHVWtEXORV D TXH SRGUtDQ REVWUXLU OD VDOLGD GH ORV GHPiV /RV OXJDUHV DVLJQDGRV D SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG QR VH HQFRQWUDUDQ XELFDGRV FHUFD GH ODV VDOLGDV GH HPHUJHQFLD VLQR HQ ODV ]RQDV GH VHJXULGDG SUHYLDPHQWH HVWDEOHFLGDV
  • 371. 92/80(1 7202 ,, +$%,7$%,/,'$' )81,21$0,(172 1250$ GH $FFHVLELOLGDG 0DR 3iJ 39 5()(5(1,$6 /H *HQHUDO SDUD OD ,QFOXVLyQ GH ODV 3HUVRQDV FRQ 'LVFDSDFLGDG 'LDULR 2ILFLDO GH OD )HGHUDFLyQ PDR 0p[LFR ') /H *HQHUDO GH 3URWHFFLyQ LYLO SXEOLFDGD HQ HO 'LDULR 2ILFLDO GH OD )HGHUDFLyQ HO GH PDR GH 0p[LFR ') /H GH 'HVDUUROOR 8UEDQR GHO 'LVWULWR )HGHUDO SXEOLFDGD HQ OD *DFHWD 2ILFLDO GHO 'LVWULWR )HGHUDO HO GH HQHUR GHO 0p[LFR ') 6HFUHWDUtD GH *REHUQDFLyQ 1206(*2% 6HxDOHV DYLVRV SDUD 3URWHFFLyQ LYLO RORUHV IRUPDV VtPERORV D XWLOL]DU 0p[LFR 6HFUHWDUtD GH (FRQRPtD 1206), (OHYDGRUHV HOpFWULFRV GH WUDFFLyQ SDUD SDVDMHURV FDUJD(VSHFLILFDFLRQHV GH VHJXULGDG PpWRGRV GH SUXHED SDUD HTXLSRV QXHYRV 'LDULR 2ILFLDO GH OD )HGHUDFLyQ HQHUR 6HFUHWDUtD GH (FRQRPtD 1RUPD 0H[LFDQD 10;56), $FFHVLELOLGDG GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG D HVSDFLRV FRQVWUXLGRV GH VHUYLFLR DO S~EOLFR 6HFUHWDUtD GH 6DOXG 1RUPD 2ILFLDO 0H[LFDQD 12066$ 4XH HVWDEOHFH ORV 5HTXLVLWRV $UTXLWHFWyQLFRV SDUD IDFLOLWDU HO DFFHVR WUiQVLWR XVR SHUPDQHQFLD GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG HQ HVWDEOHFLPLHQWRV GH DWHQFLyQ PpGLFD DPEXODWRULD KRVSLWDODULD GHO VLVWHPD QDFLRQDO GH VDOXG 5HJODPHQWR GH RQVWUXFFLRQHV GHO 'LVWULWR )HGHUDO SXEOLFDGR HQ OD *DFHWD 2ILFLDO GHO 'LVWULWR )HGHUDO HO GH HQHUR GH 0p[LFR ') 1RUPDV 7pFQLFDV RPSOHPHQWDULDV SDUD HO 3URHFWR $UTXLWHFWyQLFR GHO 5HJODPHQWR GH RQVWUXFFLRQHV SDUD HO 'LVWULWR )HGHUDO SXEOLFDGDV HQ OD *DFHWD 2ILFLDO GHO 'LVWULWR )HGHUDO HO GH IHEUHUR GH 0p[LFR ') ,62 ´*UDSKLFDO VPEROV 3XEOLF LQIRUPDWLRQ VPEROVµ ,62 ´3RZHURSHUDWHG OLIWLQJ SODWIRUPV IRU SHUVRQV ZLWK LPSDLUHG PRELOLW 5XOHV IRU VDIHW GLPHQVLRQV DQG IXQFWLRQDO RSHUDWLRQ 3DUW 9HUWLFDO OLIWLQJ SODWIRUPVµ 6HFUHWDUtD GH OD )XQFLyQ 3~EOLFD $FXHUGR SRU HO TXH VH HVWDEOHFH ORV OLQHDPLHQWRV SDUD OD DFFHVLELOLGDG GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG D LQPXHEOHV IHGHUDOHV 'LDULR 2ILFLDO GH OD )HGHUDFLyQ 3ULPHUD VHFFLyQ HQHUR GH ULWHULRV GH 3URHFWR GH $UTXLWHFWXUD SDUD OD $FFHVLELOLGDG GH SHUVRQDV FRQ 'LVFDSDFLGDG ,066 21( DWDORJR GH $XGDV SDUD SHUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG YLVXDO GH OD 2UJDQL]DFLyQ 1DFLRQDO GH LHJRV (VSDxROHV RQYHQFLyQ VREUH ORV 'HUHFKRV GH ODV 3HUVRQDV FRQ GLVFDSDFLGDG 6HFUHWDUtD GH 'HVDUUROOR 8UEDQR 9LYLHQGD 0DQXDO 7pFQLFR GH $FFHVLELOLGDG )HEUHUR GHO /DV 'LPHQVLRQHV +XPDQDV HQ ORV (VSDFLRV ,QWHULRUHV (VWiQGDUHV $QWURSRPpWULFRV -XOLXV 3DQHUR 0DUWtQ =HOQLN (GLFLRQHV * *LOL 6$ GH 0p[LFR ')