Gynecology

1. Zaryab Ghauri (Final Year MBBS Batch-E)

3. Miscarriage is a pregnancy that ends spontaneously
before the fetus has reached a viable gestational age.
Spontaneous loss of pregnancy at or before 24weeks
gestation

5.  First Trimester Miscarriage
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Maternal Disease
Drugs
Uterine Abnormalities
Infection
 Second Trimester Miscarriage
Cervical Injury
Infection
Thrombophilia
Uterine Abnormalities
Chromosomal Abnormality

6. Maternal Age

7. History Taking
LMP
Symptoms
Past Obstetric/Gynaecology History
Past Medical History
Medication
Examination
General Examination
Abdominal Palpation
Vaginal Examination

9.  Ultrasound
 Intrauterine Pregnancy (Threatened, Inevitable
Miscarriage)
 Retained products of conception (Incomplete
Miscarriage)
 No retained products of conception (Complete
Miscarriage)
 Fetal pole present, but no fetal heartbeat identified.
Gestational sac present (diameter >20mm) but no fetal pole
identified (Missed Miscarriage)

10. Type Of miscarriage
Gestation

11. Expectant Management
Surgical Management
Medical Management

13. Reference: Gynecology By Ten Teachers (19th Edition)
Dewhurst's Textbook of Obstetrics 'n' Gynecology