The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via circulation pathways. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium then flows to the right ventricle, through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, and returns oxygenated to the left atrium and left ventricle. It then exits via the aorta to arteries that feed the body before returning via veins to the vena cava and restarting the cycle. The heart contains four chambers and four valves that ensure one-way blood flow. Diseases can disrupt circulation and include atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and arrhythmias.
2. Overview of Circulation
Pulmonary circulation:
blood flow between the
heart and lungs
Systemic circulation:
blood flow from heart to
rest of the body
Cardiac circulation: blood
flow within the heart
3. Pathway of Blood Flow
http://www.tracleer.com/Content/Images/heart-lung-circulation.jpg
4. Pathway of Blood Flow
(capillaries)
Lung
Vein pulmonary circulation Artery
HEART
Vein systemic circulation Artery
Body
(capillaries)
5. Blood Vessel Function
Vessel Function Examples
Artery
Transports blood AWAY
from the heart
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Vein
Transports blood
TOWARDS the heart
Vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillary
Material exchange
between blood and body
Capillary beds
found throughout
body
6. Pathway of Blood Flow
http://www.tracleer.com/Content/Images/heart-lung-circulation.jpg
Artery
Artery
Vein
Vein
7. Pathway of Blood Flow
http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/06/92806-034-95B4D32F.jpg
8. Capillaries
Walls made up of one
thin layer of cells which
allow for rapid diffusion
of materials from blood
to surrounding tissue
Materials exchanged:
Gases: oxygen, carbon
dioxide
Nutrients & waste
http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/imagesAP2/bloodvessels/endothelia.jpg
9. Gas Exchange in Capillaries of Body
https://www.cdli.ca/courses/biol2201/unit03_org02_ilo02/cappillarya.JPG
10. Gas Exchange in Capillaries of Lung
http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/37/92937-034-1E4EA526.jpg
16. Veins and Blood Flow
Valves open
when muscles
contract,
allowing blood to
return to the
heart
Valves close
when muscles
relax so that
blood cannot
flow backwards.
http://www.thecosmeticveincenter.com/images/veins.png
18. Capillaries and Blood Flow
Small diameter in capillaries are
only wide enough for red blood
cells to travel in a single file
Red blood cells pull each other
along like a chain
http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/red-blood-cells-in-a-capillary.jpg
19. Blood Flow in Blood Vessels
Vessel
Structure that
aids blood flow
Explanation
Artery Elastic walls
Walls expand & contract helping to
pump blood
Vein
One-way
valves
Valves act as doors preventing
backward blood flow
Capillary
Small
circumference
Blood cells travel in single file pulling
each other along like a chain
28. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
artery
from right lung
from right lung
from left lung
from left lung
29. from right lung
Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
from right lung
Pulmonary
artery
from left lung
from left lung
Pulmonary veinPulmonary vein
42. Cardiac Circulation
Vena cava right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery
lungs pulmonary vein left atrium left ventricle
aorta arteries body veins Vena cava right atrium
right ventricle pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary
vein left atrium left ventricle aorta arteries body
veins Vena cava right atrium right ventricle
pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary vein left atrium
left ventricle aorta arteries body veins Vena cava
right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery lungs
pulmonary vein left atrium left ventricle aorta
arteries body veins Vena cava right atrium right
ventricle pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary vein left
atrium left ventricle aorta arteries body veins
43. The Pathway of Blood Flow
(capillaries)
Lung
Vein pulmonary circulation Artery
HEART
Vena Cava systemic circulation Aorta
Body
(capillaries)
PulmonaryPulmonary
Right atrium
Right ventricleLeft atrium
Left ventricle
44. Blood Components
Type Structure Function
%
makeup
Red blood
cells
No nucleus
Disk-shaped, flexible
Contains hemoglobin
Transports
oxygen
45
White
blood cells
Have a nucleus
Short life span
Fights
infections
<1
Platelets Made of cell fragments Blood clotting <1
Plasma
Protein-rich liquid
Contains electrolytes
Carries blood
cells
55
48. Atherosclerosis
Accumulation of
plaque on the
artery wall
Coronary artery
disease is when
the plaque is in the
coronary arteries
Leads to blood
clots and
hypertension
49. Heart Attack
Death of
cardiac muscle
cells due to lack
of oxygen
Heart may stop
pumping
Caused by
blood clots in
the coronary
arteries
50. Hypertension
Prolonged high blood
pressure
Heart is constantly
pumping harder
Often due to narrowing
of arteries from plaque
buildup
Overuse leads to
thickening of heart
muscles making them
less flexible and more
inefficient at pumping
57. Congential Heart Defect
Defect of the structure
of the heart and vessels,
present at birth.
Example: A septal defect
is a hole in the septum,
which allows
oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood to
mix.
9 out of 1000 people are
born with congenital
heart defects.