[Slideshare] fardh'ain(august-2013-batch)# 11(b)-arkan-ul-islam-(swolah-part-2-five-pre-requisites)-29-november-2013

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST
COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL

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“A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON
ISLAM”
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11

Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for Adults
b]
[
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

“ARKAAN AL-ISLAM”
Pillars of Islam (Submission)
PRE-REQUISITE BEFORE
PERFORMANCE OF SWOLAH

Every Friday night @
8pm – 10pm
Wisma Indah, 450
Changi Road,
#02-00 next to
Masjid Kassim

IT CAN ALSO BE A
REFRESHER COURSE FOR
MUSLIM PARENTS,
EDUCATORS, IN
CONTEMPORARY
SINGAPORE.
OPEN TO ALL

For further information and
registration contact E -mail :
ad.fardhayn.sg@gmail.com
or +65 81234669 / +65 96838279

Using textbook & curriculum he has developed especially for
Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

“To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)

UPDATED 29 NOVEMBER 2013
1

FROM PREVIOUS LESSONS
MOST
COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL

FARDHU’AIN: CONDUCTED BY
USTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAIL
LESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK

“Beginners’ Manual on Islam”

(The basic message of Islam)


2

IIMAN
Belief
Faith
Conviction

‘AMAL
[Islam]
Submission
Obedience
Practice

IHSAN
Best or
Righteous
Conduct

Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is
mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.
Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN
which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.
Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission
to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).

MOST
COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL

THE SECOND ASPECT REQUIRED IN THE ATTESTATION TO
THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAU HEED)

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL

THE second PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO
THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUHEED)

 In respecting the dominance of the followers, adherents of the
school of Fiqh of al-Mujtahid-mutlaq al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idris
ash-Shafi-’ie rhm.a. here in this region, the practices in this
manual / lesson on FIQH matters, shall subscribe and be in
conformity with this school of Islamic jurisprudence ( madzhab).
 Yet, we hold to a healthy respect and tolerance ( tasamuh) towards
other madzaahib and ikhtilaaf (differences of opinion) amongst
Islamic scholars.
 The dominant schools of Islamic jurisprudence generally accepted
are the, Ja’afari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’e and Hanbali.


”Truly Allah loveth those who turn unto Him,
and loveth those who have a care for
cleanliness (purity). “
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 222)


 As Muslims, we are required to maintain standard of hygiene and
cleanliness.
 Especially for performance of Swolah, Muslims are require to ensure
they are free from all filth or state of impurities both physically or
ceremoniously.
 It stipulates what constitute filth (najasat); how to cleanse or purify
oneself of it (taharah); on certain occasion it requires one to take a
complete bath (ghusl’) or to do partial washing i.e. ablution ( wudhu’).


“And We send down upon you water from the skies, so that He might
purify you thereby and free you from satan’s unclean whisperings,
and strengthen your hearts and thus make firm your steps.”
(Qur’an: Anfal: 8:11)


“SHIRK”

 This is “spiritual” in nature as it pertains to
AQEEDAH (belief). Allah s.w.t. says:

Ascribing, setting up
partners to Allah;
idolatry; worshipping
Other than Allah.

“O ye who believe! The idolaters only are unclean (NAJASUN).
So let them not come near the (MASJIDIL HARAM) Inviolable
Place of Worship after this their year. ”
(Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 28)

 The way to purify is by adhering to TAUHEED
through embracing Islam – proclaiming the
SHAHADAHTAIN.

“NAJIS MUGHALAZAH” - heavy
Impurities that requires cleansing in manner (analogously) prescribed by
the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. termed “sertu” or “samak”:

 All parts of dogs and pigs, and any traces left by it. Even if the skin had
been tanned, it is still regarded as unclean when moist.
 Any contact upon it when moist requires cleansing to remove any of its
traces (until one is convinced of its removal of any texture, smell and
colour).


“NAJIS MUGHALAZAH” - heavy
Impurities that requires cleansing in manner (analogously) prescribed by
the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. termed “sertu” or “samak”:

 For this category of NAJIS, the general view for cleansing is based upon
the ’QIYAS’ (analogical legal reasoning) from the SUNNAH :

“Cleansing one of your container if a dog licks it, by washing it
seven times, first (beginning) washing shall be with soil (earth)”
(Hadith reported by Muslim)

“NAJIS MUTAWASITTAH”
Impurities that requires general cleansing to remove traces of its texture,
smell or colour, preferably by using clean water. On smooth surfaces,
mere dry wiping may be acceptable.

Divided into 2:
 ‘Ainiyyah – impurities, the traces of which that can be seen.

 Hukmiyyah – impurities that leaves no visible traces but which our
knowledge ascertain its presence.



[1] (Carrion) Dead animal .
[2] Blood including pus.
[3] Urine and excrement
[4] Vomit

What are these Najasat ?



[5] Madzi (prostatic fluid)
[6] Wadi (white chalky discharge following urine)
[7] Khamr (wine & intoxicant of this genre) *
* alcohol not derived from “Khamr” e.g. methylated spirit etc.
used in swabs and disinfectant, are not najis, but clean (pure).

“NAJIS MUKHAFFAFAH” - light
Impurities that requires cleansing merely by sprinkling water over it.



Slight amount of vomit.



Urine of an unweaned (i.e. still breastfeeding) baby boy.


 The cleansing of both private parts after urination or bowel
movements using clean water (preferably running tap water).
 It is preferable to use absorbent e.g. toilet paper first before washing.
Use left hand in cleansing and ensure removal of all traces of
discharge.
 If water is not available, then you may use other absorbent material
such as paper, smooth stone, leaf, etc. but preference must be given
to the using of water.


 It is obligatory (WAJIB) for male Muslim to be circumcised, before
which the uncircumcised male must ensure that when he does the
ISTINJA’, the foreskin is pull back to expose the glans of the penis, to be
cleanse thoroughly with water.
 NOTE:
All physical discharges, (solid and liquid) from the private parts are
regarded as impure (NAJIS) and would require cleansing.
Those categorized in the category as perspiration and gaseous, are
excused.


” “If you are in a state of ceremonial impurity
(janaban), bathe your whole body (ghusl’).”
(Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5: 6)


 Obligatory GHUSL’ is a complete washing (bath) which must be taken
as commanded by Allah, on all occasions when a Muslim is affected by
and is in a state of (ceremonial) major impurity termed as “ JANABAH”.


[1] When Muslim dies, his body has to be given the bath.
[2] For woman, after menstruation / monthly period.
[3] For woman who has lochia after childbirth (i.e. After post-natal
bleeding has ceased).
[4] When sexual penetration has occurred. In this case both (the
male and female) are in a state of ceremonial impurity
requiring
the bath, even though the sexual act does not end in orgasmic
discharge.

[5] When semen - or sperm has been discharged (orgasm) by male
or female, even without engaging in coitus, e.g. through “wetdreams” , masturbation, etc.


[1] Performance of SWOLAH.
[2] Performance of TAWAF (circumambulation or going around the
KA’ABAH).
[3] Touching or carrying the MUS-HAF – (Holy Qur’an which is totally in
the Arabic script).
[4] Reciting the Holy Qur’an (TILAWAT) as an act of devotion. But it is
permissible in ‘DZIKR’ (daily utterances as form of remembrance),
extol supplications and glorification of Allah.
[5] To remain in a MASJID (mosque).

There are 2 important criteria to be
fulfilled in ghusl’:

[1] INTENTION (NIYYAT)
[2] (TOTAL) WHOLE BODY IS WASHED


DETAILED:

METHOD # 1

Sequential bath according to Sunnah

[1] Cleanse genitals (istinja’).
[2] Wash face, hands up to elbows, wipe head and ears.
[3] At the start of bath, ensure you formulate intention in your
heart/mind in the language you understand, stipulating (the what &
the why) for example:

“I am doing this obligatory bath (ghusl’) for the sake of Allah!”


DETAILED:

METHOD # 1

Sequential bath according to Sunnah

[4] Wash the head thoroughly* (including beard and sideburns, etc.)
* Thoroughly entails rubbing over all parts of the body. If during the
bath, soap or shampoo is used, ensure that you rinsed over it with water.
If pouring water over it, three times is preferred.
[5] Wash the right half of the body thoroughly, from shoulder down to the
feet.
[6] Wash the left half of the body thoroughly, from shoulder down to feet.


DETAILED:

METHOD # 2

BATHING BY TOTAL IMMERSION

 One may perform bath by total immersion e.g. in pool, sea, river etc.
but the important criteria must be met i.e. Intention and the whole body is
totally washed.
 If one uses container or tub, ensure that the volume is not less than
1.50 cubic metre to ensure it does not become contaminated through use
or when impurity is immersed into the water.


“O Ye who believe! When ye prepare for prayer (swolah), wash
your faces and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; rub your
heads (with water) and (wash) your feet to the ankles.”
(Qur’an: Ma’idah: 5: 7)


 Wudhu’ (ablution) means – conditional washing of certain parts of the
body prior to the performance of Swolah as commanded generally by
Allah s.w.t. (Q: 5: 7) and exemplified in detail by Prophet Muhammad
s.a.w.
 The essentials (RUKUN) are:
[1] Intention (NIYYAT);
[2] Washing of the face;
[3] Wash hands up to elbows;
[4] Wipe the head;
[5] Wash feet up to ankles;
[6] In accordance with correct sequence ( TARTIB).

DETAIL PERFORMANCE ACCORDING TO THE SUNNAH

[1] Begin by reciting the “Basmalah”, wash hands up to wrists.
[2] Rinse mouth by gargling; recommended to brush teeth & gum;
insert water into nostril and cleanse.
[3] Actual Wudhu’ begins when washing the face*, at which time one
must formulate intention in one’s heart/mind in a language that
one understands, e.g.:
“I am performing this Wudhu’ (ablution) for the sake of Allah.”
* Face constitute area from top of forehead down to the chin, and
whole area between the ears.


[4] Then, wash the right hand up to the elbow, followed by the left.
[5] The head is wipe with moistened hands, followed by wiping the
ears.
[6] The feet is then wash up to the ankles, right foot first followed by
left – ensure water reaches in between toes and up the back of
the heels.


NOTE:


[a] Washing must follow sequence as stated in Q:5:7 – face, hands up
to elbows, wipe head and then wash feet up to ankles.
[b] It is recommended to use running tap water; but when using
water
in container, ensure that it is not unduly contaminated when one
uses it.
[c] It is recommended that washing be done 3 times, although once
may suffice.
[d] Extending washing slightly beyond the stipulated area is
recommended.


Video Clip downloaded courtesy of AlHidayah Centre Portal (Perth)

36

The following may cause wudhu’ to be nullified in which case,
wudhu’ has to be re-taken before one can perform Swolah:
[1] when impurities proceed from the ‘two lower openings’ viz. Stool,
gas, worm, urine, seminal or prostatic fluid (madzi);
[2] when one loses consciousness through sleep, drowsiness,
fainting, etc.;
[3] when one touches, with the bare palm of the hands, any genitals
including one’s own;
[4] bare skin contact with person of the opposite gender whose
relationship is within marriageable degree.

“And if ye find no water, then take for yourselves clean sand or
earth and rub therewith your faces and hands.”
(Qur’an: Al-Maa-idah: 5: 6)


THE EXCEPTION

 In exceptional cases where water is not available or cannot be
used, the alternative to an obligatory bath (ghusl’) and ablution
(wudhu’) is TAYAMMUM (dry ablution using sand or dust).
HOW IS IT DONE ?

 With intention, the palm of the hands are tapped on the
surface of sand or earth, where there is fine dust.
 Blow any coarse sand away and then wipe the face with the
palms, top downwards, only once.
 Repeat the tapping the second time and wipe the two hands up
to elbow, right and left (it must be done in this order.)

”O children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every time
and place of prayer”
(Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 31)


[1] One must ensure that the dress/attire used for swolah clean
from “najasat” (impurities).
[2] For ladies, the area of coverage is the whole body except for
the face and the palms of the hands – (shape of the woman
must be concealed by wearing loose clothing).
[3] For men, the area between the navel and the knees must
not be exposed.
[4] Of course the material used must not be transparent.
[5] And the dress ‘ attire / prayer matt used are obtained legally
or from ‘halal’ income or means.

“(Allah has) made for me the (whole surface of the) earth pure and as a
place for prostration (masjidan); thus wherever a person finds himself to be,
let him perform his swolah at that place which he can find (himself to be).”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary Muslim and Ahmad )


 All place that are clean and free from filth or impurities
(najasah) can be used to perform swolah.
 No swolah ought to be performed in slaughter-house,
garbage dump, toilet, stables, public access, or where it
endanger ones life.
 Swolah cannot be performed on the roof of the Ka’bah
or on a grave.


“ set up regular prayers: for such prayers are enjoined on
believers at stated times.”
(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4:103)


 Subuh – or Fajr - from dawn until the sun begins to rise
 Zuhr – beginning of the afternoon, when the noon sun shift
to begin casting shadow upon an object; and it ends when
‘Asr starts.
 ‘Asr – begins when the shadow of an object equals and begin
to exceed its length. It will end when the sun begins to set
upon the horizon.
 Maghrib – after the sun has completely vanished beyond the
horizon and sky is casted with glow of dusk. It ends when
Isha’ begins.
 Isha’ – nightfall, will last till Fajr arrive.

“O you who have believed, when [the Adzan] is called
for the prayer on the day of JUMU’AH [Friday], then
proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade.
That is better for you, if you only knew.“
(Qur’an: Juma’ah : 62: 9)


“But there came after them successors who neglected
prayer (SWOLAH) and pursued desires; so they are
going to meet evil (Destruction)― “
(Qur’an: Mariam: 19: 59)


“ O ye who believe! let not your riches or your
children divert you from the remembrance of Allah.
If any act thus, the loss is their own.”
(Qur’an: Munaafiqun: 63: 9)

“Between the man and disbelief (KUFR) is
the abandonment of the prayer (SWOLAH).”

(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Ibnu Majah, Abu Dawud and Muslim)


“The head of the matter is Al-Islam;
its pillar is the (obligatory) prayer i.e. Swolah;
and its highest pinnacle is Jihad (striving with utmost)
in the way of Allah.”

“The Swolah is pillar of the religion, whosoever establishes it,
establishes the religion; and whosoever destroys it,
destroys the religion.”
(Hadith narrated by Baihaqy from ‘Umar r.a.)


“Whoever forget to perform Swolah or (missed
doing it because) of sleep, he is to perform it
(that swolah) whenever he remembers it.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary)


“Whoever forget (to perform) Swolah or was
missed doing it because of being) asleep, his
reparation (KAFARA) is to perform it (that swolah)
when he remembers it.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim)

“Whoever missed performing Swolah (within its time)
because of being asleep or have forgotten, the time for him
to do it (the missed swolah) is when he remembers about it.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim)


Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. said: The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w.
used to combine (JAMA’) obligatory Swolah of Zuhr’
with ‘Asr, Maghrib with ‘Isha’ (while domiciled * ) in
Madinah without apparent reason (excusable) of fear
(KHAUF), or rain. He was then asked as to why did
these, and he replied :”So that (it becomes) a way out
(to ease) my ummah (by setting this precedence).”
* Full raka’at without Qasr (shortening) as this Qasr only for travelers (musafir).

“now shall We turn thee to a Qiblah that shall please thee.
Turn then thy face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque;
wherever ye are turn your faces in that direction.”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 141)


 Whenever one is to perform the Swolah, the direction is
towards
the most ancient House of Worship ever built for mankind i.e.
The Ka’bah in Makkah.
 If we are for example in Singapore, the direction to face is
towards the north-West (291° clockwise on compass) –
direction of Makkah vis-a-vis Singapore.
 If uncertain, ask any Muslims domiciled in the country you are
in, or use your best judgement in orientating yourself.

CULTURE OF HYGEINE; CLEANLINESS;
MANAGEMENT OF PURITY OF WATER

BATHING , (HAMAM) BATHE HOUSES

WATER ENGINEERING, AQUA-DUCT,
FOUNTAINS, STREAMS, IRRIGATION

FIVE
PRE-REQUISITES
FOR SWOLAH
STATE OF PURITY


MODEST DRESSING; ADDED TO VARIETY OF ETHNICITIES;

FIVE
PRE-REQUISITES
FOR SWOLAH
PROLIFERATION OF USE OF VARIOUS CLOTHES

MODE OF DRESSING

FIVE
PRE-REQUISITES
FOR SWOLAH
MOSQUES, RESPECT FOR ALL SURFACES ON THIS EARTH ,

PLACE

FIVE
PRE-REQUISITES
FOR SWOLAH
ASTRONOMY, CHRONOMETER, PRAYER TIME-TABLE

TIME

ASTROLABE, COMPASSES, NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS, MAPS,
DIRECTION AND ORIENTATION GUIDE.

FIVE
PRE-REQUISITES
FOR SWOLAH
DIRECTION


“O you who have believed, when [the Adzan] is called
for the prayer on the day of JUMU’AH [Friday], then
proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade.
That is better for you, if you only knew.“
(Qur’an: Juma’ah : 62: 9)

)

“And when the prayer has been concluded, disperse
within the land and seek from the bounty of Allah,
and remember Allah often that you may succeed.“
(Qur’an: Jama’ah: 62: 10)

)

“But when they saw a transaction or a diversion,
[O Muhammad], they rushed to it and left you
standing. Say, "What is with Allah is better than
diversion and than a transaction, and Allah is the
best of providers."
(Qur’an: Juma’ah: 62: 11)

)

SOUQ
(BAZAAR)

QABR
(GRAVEYARD)

SOUQ
(BAZAAR)

MASJID
JAME’

SOUQ
(BAZAAR)

SOUQ
(BAZAAR)
SOUQ
(BAZAAR)

)

SOUQ
(BAZAAR)

Su
ng
ei

Ro
ad

Masjid Bawean

Sekolah Melayu
Kampong Gelam

Kampong Selong (Ceylon)

b
Ara

s tr

Madrasah
Aljuneid

Masjid Sultan

t
ee

Gudang Pinang

Kota Raja club

Kampong Kaji
(Haji)

Bu

Kampong Tembaga

ss

t
ee
str
ah
or

Gedung Kuning

ar
ah
nd eet
Ka str

Bagd
ad st
reet

)

Rumah ‘Bujangan’ (Jawa)

QABR’
GRAVEYARD

MASJID
JAME’

)

TO BE CONTINUED WITH
“PERFORMANCE OF SWOLAH”


"O my Lord! make me one who establishes regular Prayer,
and also (raise such) among my offspring (who establish
regular Prayer) O our Lord! and accept Thou my Supplication.
"O our Lord! cover (us) with Thy Forgiveness― for me, my
parents, and (all) Believers, on the Day that the
Reckoning will be established!"
(Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 40-41)

ALAA-HUM-MAJ-’AL-NEE MINAT-TAW-WAA-BEE-NA
WAJ-’AL-NEE MINAL-MUTA-TWAAH-HI-REEN.

‘O Allah, make me of those who return to You often in
repentance and make me of those who remain clean and pure.’


SUB-HAA – NA- KAL-LAA-HUM-MA - WA-BIHAM-DIKA
ASH-HADU AN – LAA – ILAA-HA IL-LAA – ANTA
AS-TAGH-FIRUKA - WA-A-TUU-BU -ILAYK.

‘How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You, I bear witness
that none has the right to be worshipped except You, I seek Your
forgiveness and turn in repentance to You.’


JAZALLAA-HU ‘AN-NAA MUHAM-MADAN SWOL-LAL-LAAHU
‘ALAY-HI WA- AA-LIHI WA-SAL-LA-MA – MAA HU-WA AH-LUHU

“(May) Allah grant His Reward upon Muhammad, salutations of
Allah and Peace be upon him and his family, in accordance with
what he deserves (in Allah’s knowledge & estimation).”


“And may the Salutations of Allah and peace be upon
our Leader Muhammad
and his family and Companions.
And all praises belongs to Allah,
Lord Sustainer of the worlds.”

”Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! (He is free) from
what they ascribe (to Him)! And Peace on the Messengers! And
praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.”


All welcome to visit my web-blog

http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/
http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/
http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/
http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/
http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/
http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/
http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/
http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/

83

[Slideshare] fardh'ain(august-2013-batch)# 11(b)-arkan-ul-islam-(swolah-part-2-five-pre-requisites)-29-november-2013

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