George Elton Mayo was an Australian psychologist known for founding the Human Relations Movement. He conducted research at the Hawthorne factory that showed workers are motivated not just by money but having their social needs met at work. The Hawthorne Studies surprisingly found that productivity increased regardless of changes in lighting or work conditions. Mayo concluded that workers are best motivated through good communication with managers, managers taking an interest in employees' lives, and encouraging teamwork. His research emphasized the importance of social factors in motivation and influenced businesses to focus more on employee interests.

1. Elton Mayo: Motivation theory

2. Life and Education
of George Elton
Mayo
George Elton Mayo (26
December 1880, Adelaide - 7
September
1949, Guildford, Surrey) was
an Australian industrial psyc
hologist, sociologist and orga
nization theorist.
He lectured at the University
of Queensland from 1911 to
1923 before moving to
the University of
Pennsylvania, but spent most
of his career at Harvard
Business School (1926 1947), where he was professor
of industrial research.

3. Life and education of Elton Mayo
Contd.
Mayo is known as the founder of the Human Relations
Movement, and is known for his research including the Hawthorne
Studies and his book The Human Problems of an Industrialized
Civilization (1933). The research he conducted under the Hawthorne
Studies of the 1930s showed the importance of groups in affecting the
behaviour of individuals at work

4. Mayo’s theory on motivational
management
Mayo believed that workers are not just concerned with money but could be
better motivated by having their social needs met whilst at work. He
introduced the Human Relation School of thought, which focused on
managers taking more of an interest in the workers, treating them as people
who have worthwhile opinions and realizing that workers enjoy interacting
together.
Mayo conducted a series of experiments at the Hawthorne factory of the
Western Electric Company in Chicago.
He isolated two groups of women workers and studied the effect on their
productivity levels of changing factors such as lighting and working
conditions.
He expected to see productivity levels decline as lighting or other conditions
became progressively worse
What he actually discovered surprised him: whatever the change in lighting or
working conditions, the productivity levels of the workers improved or
remained the same.

5. Mayo’s theory on motivational
management contd.
From this Mayo concluded that workers are best motivated by:
Better communication between managers and workers ( Hawthorne
workers were consulted over the experiments and also had the
opportunity to give feedback)
Greater manager involvement in employees working lives ( Hawthorne
workers responded to the increased level of attention they were
receiving)
Working in groups or teams. ( Hawthorne workers did not previously
regularly work in teams)
In practice therefore businesses should re-organize production to
encourage greater use of team working and introduce personnel
departments to encourage greater manager involvement in looking after
employees’ interests. His theory most closely fits in with a paternalistic
style of management.