2.  Portuguese and Dutch Threats
 During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, the
Filipinos dreamed to achieve independence from the
harsh Spanish rule at that time.
 The Filipinos began to fight the Spaniards the moment
they settled permanently in 1565 and continued this
resistance to the end of their rule in 1898.
 The Philippine Revolt patterns must be treated
holistically and not separately.

3.  General Gonzalo Pereira in 1566 & 1568 asked
Legazpi to leave.
 The Portuguese blockaded Cebu and
bombarded the Spanish settlement (1570)
 They failed to dislodged their rivals.
 The incursions ceased only when Portugal
became part of the Spanish Empire. (1580)

4.  They revolted against Spain and proclaimed independence in
1579. Spain refused to recognize Dutch independence.
 Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 – led to the recognition of the
Dutch independence.
 1597– First Battle of Mariveles
 1610- Second battle of Mariveles
 1617- Battle of Playa Honda
 1647- Dutch’s last attack against the Spanish.
- They were finally driven off.

5. › Desire to regain the lost freedom of their ancestors
› ( Political )
› Religious intolerance of Spanish authorities
( Religious )
› Abuses of the Spaniards ( Personal )
› The hated tribute and oppressive forced labor
› Loss of ancestral lands

6. Revolts are
categorized into
three
Personal
Motives
Political Motives
Religious
Motives

8. Uprising/
Revolt
DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT
Lakandula 1574 Tondo,
Navotas
Failure of Gov.
Lavezares to fulfill
Legazpi’s promise
to Lakandula
Lakandula Failed
Pampanga 1585 Pampanga Abuse of
Spanish
Encomien-
deros
Failed.
A woman
betrayed a
revolt.
Tondo 1587-1588 Tondo,
Cuyo,
Calamianes
Desire for
indepen-
dence
Magat Salamat,
Agustin de
Legazpi, Juan
Banal & Pedro
Balingit
Failed
a spy reported to
Spanish
authorities about
the their plan.
Leaders were
executed.

9. Uprising/
Revolt
DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT
Magalat 1596 Cagayan Abuses of the
Tribute
Collectors
Failed ( Hired
assassins
killed the
Magalat. )
Ladia 1643 Malolos,
Bulacan and
Southern
Luzon
Weariness
from Spanish
oppression
Pedro Ladia Failed (leader
was captured)
Pangasinan /
Malong
1660- 1661 Binalato-
ngan,
Pangasinan
Quarrel
between Fr.
Gorospe and
Malong
Andres
Malong and
Pedro
Gumpaos
Failed

10. Uprising/
Revolt
DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT
Visayan/
Sumuroy
1649- 1650 Eastern Visayas,
Northern
Mindanao,
Zamboanga
Caused by Gov.
Fajardo’s order to
send Visayan
laborers to Cavite
for shipbuilding
Juan Ponce
SumoUroy
and Pedro
Caamug
Failed (
Leaders were
captured and
were
beheaded. )
Pampanga 1585 Pampanga Abuses of
Spanish
Encomiender
os
Failed ( A
woman
betrayed the
revolt. )
Cagayan-
Ilocos
1589 Cagayan,
Ilocos Norte
Refusal to pay
tributes,
tyranny of
tribute
collectors
Failed ( easily
suppressed )

11. Uprising/
Revolt
DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT
Igorot 1601 Northern Luzon Desire to
maintain their
old religion
Failed
Caraga 1629- 1631 Caraga,
Northern
Mindanao
Dissatisfac-tion
of townspeople
to Spanish rule
Failed
Dagohoy 1744-1828 Bohol Refusal of Fr.
Morales to give
Dagohoy’s
brother a
Christian burial
Silang 1762- 1763 Ilocos Desire to expel
the Spaniards
from Ilocos
Diego silang
and Gabriela
Silang
Failed ( Diego
was assasinated
)

12.  The Spaniards
possessed superior
weapons and were
able to employ native
volunteers and
mercenary soldiers.
 Lack of unity
 Lukewarm spirit of
nationalism among
Filipinos
 Inadequate training and
preparation for warfare
 The absence of a
national leader

13. “MORO“ – name given by the
Spanish to the Muslims of the
South.
Most united groups were the
Muslims.
Continuous military expeditions by
the Spaniards failed to subdue
them. They fought back by raiding
the coastal towns under Spain.
Moro Wars in the South is the longest,
bloodiest, most frustrating attempt by the
Spaniards to colonize the Southern Islands of
Mindanao
It remained unconquered &
unconverted until the end of
Spanish rule.

14.  Fierce resistance of the people
of the mountain or the “taong
bundok”
PROCESS: Expensive and
frustrating for the Spaniards but
also very dangerous.
Ancient beliefs and way of life
are less exposed to the outside
world which made them more
resistant to the colonization
whether Spanish or even later
incursions of other colonizers.