MICROSOFT EXCEL

1. Final Professional
(Pharm-D)
Compiled by Jawad Ansari - PULC
Course Instructor
M. Jawad Aslam

2.  Review spreadsheet concepts
 Cell and cell contents
 Labels and values
 Functions, and formulas
 Arithmetic and comparison operators
 Cell reference types
 Format cells and worksheets
 Chart types
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3.  An electronic spreadsheet program
allows you to perform numeric
calculations and to analyze and present
numeric data
 The spreadsheet is called a worksheet
and the individual worksheets are
stored in a workbook which is the
Excel file
 Sheet tabs located at the bottom let
you switch from sheet to sheet in a
workbook
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4.  The intersection of a row and a column
is called a cell
 Each cell has its own unique location
called a cell address
◦ A cell address is identified by its column
and row coordinates (ie: A1, C23, D15,
etc.)
 The Name box displays the active cell
address
 Contents of the active cell can be
edited in the cell itself or in the
formula bar
 A selection of two or more cells such
as B5:B14 is called a range
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6.  Labels contain text and numerical
information not used in calculations
◦ Labels help you identify data in worksheet
rows and columns
 Values are numbers, dates, formulas,
and functions that can be used in
calculations.
 A function is a built-in or predefine
formula that makes it easy to perform a
complex calculation
◦ Most functions require arguments, which is
the information necessary for the calculation
◦ Arguments are enclosed in parenthesis and
are separated by commas.
◦ Max, Min, Sum, Average, etc.
 Formulas are user defined equations
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7.  When creating formulas or using functions, it
is important to:
◦ Know where the formulas should be
◦ Know exactly what cells and arithmetic operations
are needed
◦ Create formulas with care
◦ Use cell references rather than values
 Formulas and functions begin with the equal
sign (=)
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 Operations inside parentheses are
calculated first
 Reference operators such as ranges are
calculated next
 Exponents are calculated next
 Multiplication and division are calculated
next (from left to right)
 Addition and subtraction are calculated
next (from left to right)

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Cells
included in
formula
Function
AutoSum
button

11.  Comparison operators compare values for the
purpose of true/false results
 If function format and arguments:
If(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
◦ Logical Test – what is being compared using
comparison operators
(>, <, =, <=, >=, <>)
◦ A different value, formula, or function can be
returned or performed when result is true or false.
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 Use a relative cell reference when you
want to preserve the relationship to the
formula location
 When a formula is copied, the cell
reference changes to preserve the
relationship of the formula to the
referenced cells

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 Use an absolute cell reference when you want
to preserve the exact cell address in a formula
 Cell reference does not change when the
formula is copied to another location
 Created by placing a dollar sign ($) before
either the column letter and the row number
or both of a cell’s address
 Apply absolute cell reference before copying a
formula if you want one or more cell
references to remain unchanged in relation to
the formula

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 A mixed cell reference combines both relative
and absolute cell referencing
◦ Example: When you copy a formula, you may want
to change the row reference but keep the column
reference
◦ Created using the [F4] function key
 Switch between displaying formulas and their
values on a worksheet by pressing
CTRL + ` (grave accent)
 Do NOT adjust or format columns in Formula
View
 See next slide for example

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Cell referenced
in
absolute
formulas
Relative
references
adjust for
column and
row
Absolute
references do
not adjust

17.  After getting the numeric data in place,
it can be formatted for better
presentation.
 The format of a cell determines how the
labels and values look
◦ Bold, italic, dollar signs, commas, etc.
 Formatting does not change the data
only its appearance
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18.  Adjust column width
 Apply colors, borders and patterns
 Apply conditional formatting so that
unexpected or exceeding values are
highlighted
 Use built-in Themes
 Insert and delete rows and columns
 Use spellchecker
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 Numeric data can usually be presented
better using a chart.
 Determine the purpose of the chart and
identify the data relationships you want
to communicate graphically
 Identify the worksheet data you want
the chart to illustrate
 Determine results you want and decide
which chart type is most appropriate
(see next slide)

20.  Column – compares distinct object levels
using a vertical format
 Line – compares trends over even time
intervals; does not emphasize total
 Pie – compares sizes of pieces as part of
a whole (100%)
 Bar – compares distinct object levels
using a horizontal format
 Area – shows how individual volume
changes over time in relation to total
volume
 Scatter (XY) – compares two values over
uneven time or measurement intervals
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 The horizontal axis (x-axis) is also
called the category axis
 The vertical axis (y-axis) is also called
the value axis
 The z-axis is present in 3-D charts
 A legend makes it easy to identify each
data series

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Y - Horizontal axis
X - Vertical axis
Legend

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 Select a range of data
 Use buttons on the Insert tab of the
Ribbon to create and modify a chart
 In a pie chart, emphasize a data point by
exploding, or pulling that slice away
from the pie chart
 An embedded chart is one that is
inserted directly in the current
worksheet
 A chart sheet is a sheet in a workbook
that contains only a chart, which is
linked to the workbook data

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