TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson,.pdf
Effective Leadership 2023
1. Presented by:
Zulkifli Mohd
MOVING TOWARDS
EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
Persidangan Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan
Dinamik 2023
St Giles The Gardens Hotel
20 – 21 September 2023
2. Cont ent s
Leadership Landscape 2023
Leadership
What Is a Leader?
What is Leadership, Really?
Leadership vs Management
Are Leaders Born or Made?
Does Leadership Matter
5 Levels of Leadership
What Good Leaders Do
How Can I Become a Good Leader?
Leadership in 2023 & Beyond
3. Leadership Landscape 2023
• Retaining & developing future leaders
outranks economic and business concerns
• People - the driver of success across all
business and economic challenges.
• Past year, 54% of companies saw their
turnover rate increase
• Ineffective leaders –no. 1 factor would want
to leave their company within the year
• 32% would want to leave their company
within the year because leaders lack
interpersonal skills
• Organizations need to evaluate their
leadership culture
• Only 40% of CEOs report that their company
has high-quality leaders (vs 48% two years
ago)
Top CEO Concerns 2023
4. Leadership Landscape 2023: Employee Engagement (Southeast Asia)
• Engaged employee provides significantly more discretionary effort—“doing whatever it takes” to
complete work tasks—ultimately having a positive impact on business results.
• Actively Disengaged employees feel disconnected from their jobs & tend to be unsatisfied at work. Their
poor attitudes and emotions spread through the company, which can result in their own poor performance
and poor performance of others.
5. Leadership Landscape 2023: Job Market (Southeast Asia)
JOB CLIMATE
Good time to find a job
• 3rd highest regional % of
employees who say now is a
good time find a new job
INTENT TO LEAVE
Watching for or actively
seeking new job
• 3rd highest regional % of
employees watching for or
actively seeking a new job
8. • Difficult to define in a single way → there are
more than 850 definitions of leadership.
• Leadership means different things to different
people, different cultures, and in different
situations.
What is Leadership
9. “Leadership is hard to define and good
leadership even harder, but if you can
get people to follow you to the ends of
the earth, you are a great leader.”
Indra Nooyi, former Chairman & CEO, PepsiCo
11. Who is a Leader
a person who has a compelling vision
of a better future, a drive and a
commitment to achieve that vision, and
the ability to make it happen…
A LEADER is ….
Leadership is all about seeing and creating a brighter and better future.
12. • by painting a vivid picture of what could be
and showing a clear roadmap to get there
to inspire and excite the people about the
future possibilities.
• By challenging and coaching people to
become the best version of themselves,
and
HOW? ….
Who is a Leader
13. and inspires them to do things they never
thought possible.
HOW? ….
“My job is not to be easy on people. My job is to take
these great people we have and to push them and
make them even better”.
Steve Jobs
Who is A Leader
14. A leader:
• Takes the lead, and leads by example, to inspire
others to follow him.
• Has a compelling vision for the future that
inspires passion and enthusiasm in followers.
• Excites, energizes and rally the troops towards a
better future.
• Inspires people to do things they never thought
they could.
A leader must
have the ability
to influence a
group of people
towards the
achievement of
a common goal
What is a Leader?
17. I We
Ego Humility
Title & Position Action, Example & Result
Hierarchy Relationship
Self-Interest Stakeholder Wellbeing
Short Term Exciting Future
Authority Impact & Influence
Charisma Inspire with Vision
Telling Listening
Directing Communicating
Systems &Processes Purpose of Work
Demeaning others Respect
Knowing Learning
Status Quo Openness to Change
Control Guiding & Coaching
Doing it Yourself Delegate
Micro-management Empower
Rigid Agile
What is Leadership
IS
Leadership
18. What is Leadership, Anyway?
Leadership is the act of influencing
others to work towards a shared
purpose.
Vision
Followership
Influence
+
+
= LEADERSHIP
19. What is Leadership
• “the challenge of taking people and organizations to places
they have never been before, of doing something that has
never been done before, and of moving beyond the ordinary to
the extraordinary.“ ~ Kouzes & Posner
• Leadership is not about who you are, but about what you do.
• Great leaders never accomplish extraordinary things alone.
20. "A leader is one who
knows the way,
goes the way, and
shows the way.“
John C. Maxwell
Direction & Vision
21. "Leadership is not about titles,
positions, or flowcharts. It is
about one life influencing
another."
John C. Maxwell
influence
22. Leadership is the art of getting
someone else to do something
you want done because he wants
to do it.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Voluntary Action
23. “Effective Leadership is not about
making speeches or being liked:
leadership is defined by results not
attributes”
Peter Drucker
24. “Good business leaders
create a vision,
articulate the vision,
passionately own the vision, and
relentlessly drive it to completion.”
Jack Welch
Vision
25. • “The task of the leader is to get his people from where they
are to where they have not been.” ~ Henry Kissinger, former U.S.
Secretary of State
• “Management is about persuading people to do things they do
not want to do, while leadership is about inspiring people to
do things they never thought they could.” ~ Steve Jobs
• “The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest
things. He is the one that gets the people to do the greatest things.” ~
President Ronald Reagan
More on Leadership
26. • The task of the leader is to get his people from where they are
to where they have not been. ~ Henry Kissinger
• Leadership is about inspiring people to do things they never
thought they could. ~ Steve Jobs
• “The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest
things. He is the one that gets the people to do the greatest things.” ~
Ronald Reagan
More on Leadership
28. Leadership Management
Purpose • Dealing with change • Dealing with complexity
Focus
• Thinking
• Change and innovation
• “Doing the right things”
• Doing
• Execution and implementation
• “Doing things right”
Main Processes/
Skills
• Formulating visions
• Aligning people
• Motivating and inspiring
• Influencing
• Planning projects
• Organizing people
• Monitoring progress and performance
• Problem-solving
Orientation
• Future
• Long-term
• Present
• Short-term
Daily Work
• High-level
• Strategic
• Ground-level
• Tactical
Seeks to Achieve
• Change
• Newness
• Effectiveness
• Movement
• Order
• Consistency
• Efficiency
• Stability
Managers are necessary; Leaders are essential
Leadership vs Management
HBS Online
29. Is Managing the same as Leading?
▪ Policy & Procedure
▪ Power & Control
▪ Have Subordinates
▪ Work Focused
▪ Authoritarian Style
▪ Reactive
▪ Plans detail
▪ Maintain status quo
▪ Counting Value
▪ Vision & Strategy
▪ Influence & Inspire
▪ Have Followers
▪ PeopleFocused
▪ Charismatic Style
▪ Proactive
▪ Sets Direction
▪ Raising Expectations
▪ Creating Value
▪ Explain Vision
▪ Mobilize
Resources
▪ Motivate
Others
▪ Accomplish
Goals
Leading People Managing People
Leadership vs Management
30. Leadership vs Management
• Leaders have people follow them, while managers have
people who work for them.
• Leaders lead people. Managers manage tasks, systems &
processes.
32. Some are born
great, some achieve
greatness, and some
have greatness
thrust upon them.
William Shakespeare
• Some individuals are born with leadership
qualities
• Some learn to become great leaders.
• Most of the successful leaders develop and
enhance their skills in their life. It means
even a person with leadership qualities
need to refine their skills before reaching
their full potential.
Are Leaders Born or Made?
33. Only 10% of people are natural leaders
Gallup, 2015
7% of leadership success is related with intellect, while
93% of success is related with trust, integrity,
authenticity, honesty, creativity, presence
and resilience
UCLA Research, Cooper and Sawaf, 1996
Are Leaders Born or Made?
34. 25%-40% of Fortune 500 CEOs use
executive coaches to teach them leadership skills.
McDermott + Bull, 2020
Leadership is a trainable, transferable skill,
rather than it being an exclusively inborn
ability.
Are Leaders Born or Made?
35. Effective leaders are made, not
born. They learn from trial and
error, and from experience.
Colin Powell
Leadership is a trainable, transferable skill, rather
than it being an exclusively inborn ability.
36. Employees who have undergone leadership training have
shown:
• a 28% boost in critical leadership abilities
• a 20% improvement in work performance
• a 25% increase in learning abilities .
DDI’s Global Leadership Forecast 2018
Public sector managers who underwent executive
coaching after leadership training, for instance, displayed
an 88% increase in productivity
A Review in Context. The Leadership Quarterly, 11 (4), Day, 2000
Are Leaders Born or Made?
38. Only Three Things Happen Naturally in an Organization!!!
Everything else…requires Leadership!
Friction
1
Confusion
2
Under Performance
3
3 Things Happen Without Leadership
Does Leadership Matter?
Peter Drucker
39. 94%
Leadership capabilities
and effectiveness are
important or very
important to their
organization’s
Success
Deloitte, 2023
Effective leadership is vital to organizational
success.
• Act more decisively
• Navigate through complexity with greater
efficiency
• Anticipate and reacting to business
challenges with ease.
Does Leadership Matter?
40. Globally, an average of USD366 billion is spent on
leadership training and leadership development each
year.
The global Corporate Leadership Training market size
was valued at USD70 billion in 2022.
360 Research Reports
Global Leadership Development Budget 2023
Does Leadership Matter?
43. 5 Levels of Leadership: Where do you Stand?
Leadership is Action, not Position
PEOPLE FOLLOW YOU BECAUSE
of what you have done
for them
of what you have done
for the organization
they want to
they have to
of who you are and
what you represent
Employees do not see the leaders as someone they can
trust. Difficult to attract volunteers.
Position does not automatically result in influence
Leaders begin to connect, build & grow relationships with
their people which lead to positive influence, gain trust &
respect
Leaders produce results, build influence and credibility. People
follow them because they trust the leaders know what they’re
doing and will lead them in the right direction.
They are servant leaders who teach, mentor, build, and multiply other
leaders. They invest resources to improve the leadership skills of others.
The rarest type of leader. People follow them because of who they are, what they
represent and the quality of their leadership. Level 5 leaders achieve their success
through others' success.
Leading from the position of authority
Leading in a way that build relationships
Leading in a way that get things done
Leading to reproduce
Leading in a way that you invest your
life into
45. What Good Leaders Do…
➢ Empowering
➢ Equipping
➢ Engaging
Define the path
Align the resources
Connect through 3 E’s
Execute & STAY THE COURSE
46. Leadership Roles
Envision
Clarity of purpose &
strategy
Paint a vivid picture of what the future looks like
Communicate the vision intensely to excite, energize, and mobilize the team.
Establish strategies, clarify goals & expectations
Enable
Align the resources and
processes
Enlist the support of stakeholders.
Align resources– people, process, structure, systems, etc. – and make changes to
pave the path to support the strategy execution
Empower
Inspire and energize
others
Provide autonomy, decentralize decision making, delegate & get out of the way.
Equip
Build capability
Provide the necessary resources and tools, training, and support to accomplish their
assigned tasks.
Engage
Build relationship &
collaboration
Foster open communication, listen and encourage sharing of ideas, and concerns.
Celebrate successes and milestones. Recognize and reward.
Execute
Putting plans into action
Execute the plan
Provide ongoing performance and coaching
S T A Y T H E C O U R S E
Define the Path
Align the
Resources
Connect with
People thru 3 E’s
STAY THE
COURSE
What Leaders Do…
6 E’s of Leadership
47. “People work better when they
know what the goal is and why.”
Elon Musk
Purpose & Meaning
48. 6 E’s of Leadership: Some Stats…
want leaders to be
visionary & forward
looking
72%
78%
feel empowered to
work with minimal
oversight
Gallup 2023
HBR
41% less employee
turnover
higher
profitability
21%
59% less absenteeism
Gallup 2023
Highly
Engaged
Teams
Empowerment
Visioning Ability
50. The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership
The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership
James M. Kouzes, Barry Posner
51. The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership
▪ Discover your personal values and beliefs.
▪ Set the example by aligning actions with shared values. Stand
up for your beliefs.
Model the Way
1.
Inspired a Shared Vision
2. ▪ Envision the future by imagining exciting possibilities.
▪ Enlist others in a common vision by appealing to shared
aspirations.
“To gain and sustain the moral authority to lead, it’s essential to Model the Way.”
(Kouzes & Posner, 2007)
52. The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership
▪ Search for opportunities by seizing the initiative and by
looking outward for innovative ways to improve.
▪ Experiment and take risks by constantly generating small
wins and learning from experience.
Challenge the Process
3.
Enable Others To Act
4. ▪ Foster collaboration by building trust and facilitating
relationships.
▪ Strengthen others by increasing self- determination and
developing competence.
53. The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership
Encourage the Heart
▪ Recognize contributions by showing appreciation for
individual excellence.
▪ Celebrate the values and victories by creating a spirit of
community.
5.
▪ Leadership is a relationship
▪ Inspire, energise and mobilize others to struggle for shared aspirations - with mutual
respect and confidence
54. Characteristics of Leaders
Top 4 Characteristics of Admired
Leaders
majority belief
▪ Honest
▪ Forward-Looking
▪ Competent
▪ Inspiring
55. 1. They motivate and engage employees with a compelling
mission and vision.
2. They have the assertiveness to drive outcomes and the ability
to overcome adversity and resistance.
3. They create a culture of clear accountability.
4. They build relationships that create trust, open dialogue, and
full transparency.
5. They make decisions based on productivity, not politics.
Great Leaders: Abilities
Gallup
57. McKinsey & Co’s The State of Organizations 2023
Most Important Elements of Leadership 2023
1. Role modeling: (focusing on building respect and considering the ethical
consequences of decisions) - 46%
2. Inspiring others: (presenting a compelling vision of the future and inspiring
optimism about its implementation) - 37%:
3. Developing people: spending time teaching, mentoring, and listening to
individual needs and concerns - 35%
4. Setting expectations: defining responsibilities clearly and rewarding
achievement of targets - 32%
5. Fostering team discussions: building a team atmosphere in which everyone is
encouraged to participate in decision making – 28%
6. Communicating efficiently: communicating in a convincing and charismatic way -
27%
58. 01
Leader and
Manager
Effectiveness
02
Organizational
Design and Change
Management
03
Employee
Experience
04
Recruiting 05
Future of Work
60% of HR leaders
prioritizing 53% of HR leaders
prioritizing
46% of HR leaders
prioritizing 42% of HR leaders
prioritizing
47% of HR leaders
prioritizing
New imperative: The Human-Centric Leader
+ =
+ Human Leadership
Authenticity
Act with purpose and
enable true self-expression
for themselves and
their teams.
Empathetic
Show genuine care,
respect and concern for
employee well-being.
Adaptivity
Enable flexibilityand
support that fit the unique
needs of team members.
Top 5 Priorities for HR Leaders in 2023
Gartner forHR
59. Five Skills Leaders Need for the Future
Gardner 2023
Identifying/
Developing
Future Talent
Strategic
Thinking
Decision-
Making
Prioritization
Managing
Successful
Change
Influencing
Others
60. Critical Leadership Competencies for 2023 and Beyond
1. Role modeling
2. Inspiring others
3. Developing people
4. Setting expectations
5. Fostering team
discussions
6. Communicating
efficiently
+
1. Authenticity
2. Empathy
3. Adaptivity
New Leadership Paradigm: Human Centric Leader
Gallup
1. Talent Management
2. Strategic Thinking
3. Change Management
4. Decision Making
Prioritizatiomn
5. Influencing Others
+
Gartner
Critical Competencies for 2023 and Beyond
62. • Leadership is based on trust & team basics
• Leaders plays the role of coaches and mentors
• Create a culture of openness, trust, fair play
and transparency
• Empower people
• Take the lead
• Walk the talk
Way Forward…
63. “The challenge of leadership is
to be strong, but not rude;
be kind, but not weak;
be bold, but not a bully;
be thoughtful, but not lazy;
be humble, but not timid;
be proud, but not arrogant;
have humor, but not folly”.
Jim Roth
64. Changing the Rules
of the GAME
Leadership needs
to focus on
Transformation
and be
Game-Changers!
