The document summarizes key aspects of life in medieval Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire. It describes the disruption caused by Germanic invasions, including the breakdown of trade and cities, decline of education, and loss of a common language. This led to the rise of feudalism, a political system where nobles granted land to vassals who owed military service in return. Manors formed the basic economic unit, with self-sufficient agriculture and social hierarchies topped by lords and knights. The Catholic Church played a major role, establishing monasteries, schools, and collecting tithes. By the late medieval period, stronger monarchies emerged in England and France, laying the foundations for modern European states.
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Middle Ages, 2º eso, bilingual . Explicaciónj de la Edad Media y el principio y desarrollo del feudalismo, después de la caída del imperio de Carlo Magno
3. Changes in W. Europe due
to Germanic Invasions
• Disruption of Trade /Economic Centers
• Downfall of Cities
- abandoned
- dwindling population moved to
the countryside
• Decline of Learning
- besides clergy /few were educated
• Loss of Common Language
- Cultural Unity is Destroyed
4.
5. FeudAlisM
• System of Govt. / Military that began after
the fall of the Franks from power
• Small kingdoms developed / ex. 350 counties
• In order to maintain control a relationship
between kings and lesser nobles was
needed
• This was the Feudal Contract
Two Important Aspects:
1. Land Grants from Lords
2. Exchanged for Protection
& Loyalty
10. Knights Ruled the Battlefield
From Charlemagne to the Hundred Years War
11. Age of Knights Ends with
Development of the Welsh
• Up to six feet long
Longbow
- Cheap to make
- Easy to Carry
- Quick to Fire
12-15 shots per min
• Deadly from 200yd
“The Middle Finger”
- Capture/Fr. Cut M.F.
Bodkin
- Battle of Agincourt
(Eng. Showed Finger)
13. Key words/Concepts
• Lords – nobles who make a grant of land
(kings / barons / counts, etc)
• Vassals – nobles who received the land
(knights could be included here)
• Fief – the land that was granted (hereditary)
- Could be Both a
lord & vassal
- couldn’t divide the
fief within the family
- Law of Primogeniture
(eldest son)
- Obligations were only
for lord above & vassal below
14. The Manor System
within Feudalism
• Economic System of the Dark Ages
(agricultural based)
• Large fief’s might have several manors
- stewards ran them if lords were away
• Centered around the Manor (estate)
- manor house(castle), pastures, fields
village, church, mill, forests,etc.
• Manors were Self-Sufficient –very little
trade during this period
15. Social Structure
1. Nobility – Kings/Lords/Knights
– inherited
2. Clergy – each manor had a priest
3. Free Men (Few) – had certain
valuable skills – Blacksmith,etc.
- rented land from nobility
4. Serfs – peasants bound to the land
16. Serfs lived a hard life
• Forced to work land they were born
on
- farmed the Domain (1/3 of Land)
for the lord: 1 or 2 days of week
- farmed land assigned to them(2/3)
paid taxes on what was produced
In exchange for protection in the Castle
• Denied Marriage or leaving land
w/out consent of the lord
• Standard of living was very low
28. Making a trebuchet
• Nova – 5 min Film / Two types of
Trebuchets are shot at a stone wall
-- accurate from about ¼ mile -shot up to 500 pd. boulders
The Trebuchet ruled the Medieval
battlefield for more than 200 years
• The Cannon Ultimately Ended the
Age of the Castle & Feudalism
33. The Medieval Catholic
filled the power vacuum left from the
Churchworld.
collapse of the classical
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of
poverty, chastity, and obedience.
(giving up free will) – No Speaking, etc
provided schools for the children of
the upper class.(later Middle Ages)
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books
and illuminate manuscripts.
monks missionaries to the
barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
34. The Power of the
bishops and abbots played a large part in
Medieval
the feudal system. Church
the church controlled about 1/3 of the
land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare only 40
days a year for combat.
curb heresies crusades; Inquisition
tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to
the church.
Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person
[paid by the peasants].
35. The Middle Age ChurCh
Feudalism/Manor system – fragmented Europe
The Church was the glue (stability)
LATIN CHRISTIANDOM
• Religious Events Marked a Person’s Life
• Eventually the Church devised a uniform
path for all Christians to follow – 7 Sacraments
1. Baptism – enter church community
2. Holy Eucharist – communion
3. Confirmation – church membership
4. Penance – repentance of sins
5. Holy Orders – admitted to priesthood
6. Matrimony – marriage
7. Extreme Unction – anointing the sick/dying “last rights”
36. Beginning of Modern States
• Ch 14.3 & .4
•
•
•
•
England absorbs waves of Invaders
England’s evolving govt.
France / Capetian Dynasty
The Hundred Years’ War / Joan of Arc
37. Feudalism and the Mounted
Knight comes to England
-Battle of Hastings 1066
Angles & Saxons
Harold
Godwinson
William
of
Normandy
39. Modern States Emerge
1. England – After the Norman Conquest
Kings begin to unify but lose their power to
a Great Council of Nobles & The Church
2. France – Charlemagne's old land
Kings used a Council to control the Nobles
& Clergy
3. Holy Roman Empire – German & Italy(800 yrs)
Power struggle between the Emperors & the
Clergy – power is divided(no one side wins)
40. Evolution of England’s
Political System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law
throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.
41. Magna Carta, 1215
King John I
Runnymeade
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not
above the law.
kings had to
consult a council of
advisors.
kings could not tax
arbitrarily.
42. The Beginnings of the British
Parliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople
[burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr.,
burghers in Ger.] were added at the
end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament.
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
o House of Lords nobles & clergy.
o House of Commons knights and
burgesses.
54. Film – Knights & Armor
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Knights / William Marshall
Squires
Tournaments
Events - Running of the Rings
Joust
Quatrain
Castles
Coat of Arms / Order of the Garter
Chivalry (Chivalary)
King Arthur
55. Medieval Life & Times
http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/inde
Assignment:
1. From within selected Topic pick
two sub categories for your paper
Ex. – Medieval Clothing /Chain Mail & Hair Styles
2. Discuss or Define its purpose
3. Compare or Contrast to Modern Times
4. Short Presentation to Class