3. LOCUTIONARY ACT
(act of saying)
ILLOCUTIONARY ACT
(act we do in saying...)
[conventions]
PERLOCUTIONARY ACT
(act we do by saying...)
[consequences]
phonetics (form)
syntax
semantics (content)
felicity conditions
(illocutionary “force”)
context dependence
(2 examples Mario and “her”)
5. 1) “explicit performatives” (Austin)
(illocutionary clause (Searle))
2) different criteria (Searle):
*Illocutionary point* (essential condition)
– illocutionary force
– direction of fit
– sincerity conditions (psychological state)
6. Ill. force direction of fit sincerity condition
Assertion worldwords believe in what you assert
Command wordsworld will of future action
Commitment wordsworld intention to fulfill the action
Expression possibility to express psic.states
Declaration words world will of future action
7. 1. Assertive: represents a state of affairs. E.g. stating, claiming,
hypothesizing, describing, telling, insisting, suggesting, ...
2. Directive: getting the addressee to do something. E.g. ordering,
commanding, daring, defying, challenging
3. Commissive: getting the speaker to do something. E.g. promising,
threatening, intending, advising, warning, betting, vowing to do or
to refrain from doing something ...
4. Expressive: expressing the mental state of the speaker about an
event presumed to be true.. E.g. congratulating, thanking,
deploring, condoling, welcoming, apologizing
5. Declaration: bringing into existence the state of affairs to which it
refers. E.g. blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding, ...
12. is the speaker able to fulfill the sincerity conditions?
or better: can he realize the illocutionary point?
(felicity conditions in general include intentions,
sentiments, psychological states, but also
conventions, physical possibilities, practical
possibilities...)
what does the choice of a particular kind of
illocutionary act reveal of the speaker?