1. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Implementing PWM Fan Speed Control toImplementing PWM Fan Speed Control to
1. Reduce Acoustics1. Reduce Acoustics
2. Decrease Energy Consumption, and2. Decrease Energy Consumption, and
3. Increase Fan Performance3. Increase Fan Performance
Abe Arredondo PE
JMC Products
Austin Texas
www.jmcproducts.com
512-834-8866

2. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
AgendaAgenda
Fan Laws: Useful formulas
PWM Introduction
Fan Speed Control Types
Closed Loop Interconnection Diagram
– 1. Reduced Acoustics
– 2. Decreased Energy Consumption
Soft Start Current Monitor
Motor Configurations
– 3. Increase Fan Performance
JMC Active Coolers
JMC Engineering

3. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Proven 14-year track record in thermal industry
$55 Million Revenue in 2003
Demonstrated scalability/capacity
Successful execution at the speed of large OEM clients
Exceptional response time and support team
Worldwide hub management
Dependable, just-in-time delivery capabilities
Blowers
19%
Fans
48%
Heat Sinks
33%
Computer
69%
Automotive
6%
Consumer
9%
Telecom
16%
About JMCAbout JMC

4. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Fan Laws: CFM, RPM, AcousticsFan Laws: CFM, RPM, Acoustics
RPM(2)
RPM(1)
RPM(2)
RPM(1)
CFM(2)
CFM(1)
SP(2)
SP(1)
2
Acoustics Fan Law applicable only for turbulent noiseAcoustics Fan Law applicable only for turbulent noise
Definitions:
SP Static Pressure
N Noise, RPM, CFM
RPM(2)
RPM(1)
N(2) – N(1) = 50 Log
10
120 x 120 x 38 mm FV 4000 RPM
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
CFMPstat("H2O)

5. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Fan Laws: Example CFM vs. RPMFan Laws: Example CFM vs. RPM
120 x 120 x 38 mm FV 4000 RPM
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
CFMPstat("H2O)
RPM(2)
RPM(1)
CFM(2)
CFM(1)
X RPM(2)
4000 RPM(1)
200 CFM(2)
180 CFM(1)
What is the New RPM if youWhat is the New RPM if you
Have 180 CFM andHave 180 CFM and
Need 200 CFMNeed 200 CFM
X = 4444 RPMX = 4444 RPM

6. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Fan Laws: Example SP vs. RPMFan Laws: Example SP vs. RPM
120 x 120 x 38 mm FV 4000 RPM
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
CFMPstat("H2O)
RPM(2)
RPM(1)
SP(2)
SP(1)
2
What is the new Static PressureWhat is the new Static Pressure
If you have a new RPM of 4444If you have a new RPM of 4444
From 4000 RPM andFrom 4000 RPM and
0.80 Inches of Water0.80 Inches of Water
Static PressureStatic Pressure
4444 RPM(2)
4000 RPM(1)
X “H2O(2)
0.80 “H2O(1)
2
X = 0.987X = 0.987 ““ H2OH2O

7. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Fan Laws: Example for NoiseFan Laws: Example for Noise
RPM(2)
RPM(1)
N(2) – N(1) = 50 Log
10
What is the new Noise ifWhat is the new Noise if
From the New RPM of 4444From the New RPM of 4444
From 4000 RPM andFrom 4000 RPM and
55.0 dBa55.0 dBa
4444RPM(2)
4000RPM(1)
N(2) – 55dBa = 50 Log
10
N(2) = 57.54 dBaN(2) = 57.54 dBa

8. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Introduction to PWMIntroduction to PWM
PWM Usage
– Computers desktop, workstations, servers
– Telecommunications
– Set Top Boxes, TVs
– Automotive Applications
Pulse Width Modulation
– PWM
– Duty Cycle
– Frequency: QUIET IDLE Operation

9. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
PWM: Duty CyclePWM: Duty Cycle
50% On / 50% Off50% On / 50% Off
80% On / 20% Off80% On / 20% Off

10. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
PWM: FrequencyPWM: Frequency
Old 30 HzOld 30 Hz
30 Square Waves per Second30 Square Waves per Second
New 25 KHzNew 25 KHz
25000 Square Waves per Second25000 Square Waves per Second

11. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Fan Speed Control TypesFan Speed Control Types
Open Loop
Fan Speed Control
– Voltage Control
2, 3, 4, Wire
Thermistor Control
Closed Loop

12. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Open Loop
Closed Loop
PWM Control
– 4 Wire
Micro Controlled
Fan Speed Control TypesFan Speed Control Types
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Duty Cycle %
RPM

13. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
PWM Closed Loop DiagramPWM Closed Loop Diagram
Closed Loop System
– Computers, Telecom. …
Mother Board
Thermal Management
Controllers
Analog Devices
National, TI
Hitachi
– Outputs
PWM
– Inputs
Thermistor
Fan Tachometer
All company and product names that appear in thisAll company and product names that appear in this
presentation are the trademarks or service marks of theirpresentation are the trademarks or service marks of their
respective owners, Analog Devices (ADT7460)respective owners, Analog Devices (ADT7460)
ThermistorThermistorAnalog DevicesAnalog Devices

14. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
1. Reduced Acoustics1. Reduced Acoustics of PWM fansof PWM fans
Sources of Noise
1. High Speed
Turbulent Air Flow
2. Motor Switching
Noise
PWM Frequencies
– 25 KHz (High Freq)
RPM Vs. NoiseRPM Vs. Noise
2000RPM 3000RPM 4000RPM 5000RPM 6000RPM
15dBA
20dBA
25dBA
30dBA
35dBA
40dBA
45dBA
60x25mm PWM Fan60x25mm PWM Fan
60x25mm Fan60x25mm Fan

15. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
2. Decreased Energy: Soft Start2. Decreased Energy: Soft Start
Fast Ramp Current Monitor
– JMC Specific
– Very High Performance PWM fans
120x38mm 5000+ RPM, 92x38mm 6000+ RPM, 60x38mm 9000+ RPM
Current SpikeCurrent Spike
At 100% Start up orAt 100% Start up or
Locked RotorLocked Rotor
Current Spike At 100% Start upCurrent Spike At 100% Start up
Or Locked Rotor withOr Locked Rotor with
Soft Start / FAST RAMPSoft Start / FAST RAMP
TachTach
CurrentCurrent
CurrentCurrent

16. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
2. Decreased Energy Cont.2. Decreased Energy Cont.
4 Pole Stator and
Magnet Motor Types
– 2 Phase Driving Elec
– Single Phase Driving
Electronics
– 10%-15% Improved

17. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
2. Decreased Energy Cont.2. Decreased Energy Cont.
4 Pole Stator and
Magnet Motor Types
– 2 Phase Driving Elec
– Single Phase Driving
Electronics
– 10%-15% Improved

18. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
3. Increase Fan Performance3. Increase Fan Performance
Increased
Operational
Bandwidth
– Lower Idle Speeds
– Higher Top Speeds
Fan Life
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Duty Cycle %
RPM

19. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
3. Increase Fan Performance3. Increase Fan Performance
Increased
Operational
Bandwidth
– Lower Idle Speeds
– Higher Top Speeds
Fan Life
PWM-Z
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 20 40 60 80 100
Duty Cycle %
RPM
NEW PWMNEW PWM--Z Fan TypeZ Fan Type

20. Active CoolersActive Coolers
1. Cooling Solution for Intel® P4 Socket T™
(LGA775 pin package)
2. Intel® Xeon™ Processor with 800 MHz
Front Side Bus: Low Cost Thermal Solution
3. Low Profile Graphics Coolers

21. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
New Cooling Solution for IntelNew Cooling Solution for Intel®® P4P4
Socket TSocket T™™ (LGA775 pin package)(LGA775 pin package)
T/R ~0.29 C/W
Cu/Al
PWM Fan
4000 RPM

22. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
IntelIntel®® XeonXeon™™ Processor with 800 MHzProcessor with 800 MHz
Front Side Bus: Low Cost Thermal SolutionFront Side Bus: Low Cost Thermal Solution
T/R ~0.29 C/W
All Aluminum
PWM Fan
6600 RPM
PWM Optional
389 Grams

23. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
SINGLE SLOT SOLUTION
•Ideal Graphics Card Solution
•4200 RPM Fan
•60x10mm
•33 dBA
•16.6 CFM in Free Air
•0.22 A
•0.80°C/Watt
•Custom Retention Mechanisms
2 SLOT SOLUTION
•Ideal Graphics Card Solution
•3000 RPM Fan
•70x15mm
•28.5 dBA
•0.16 A
•23.5 CFM
•0.55°C/Watt
•Custom Retention Mechanisms
Low Profile Graphics CoolersLow Profile Graphics Coolers

24. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
SummarySummary
3 Benefits of PWM
– Reduced Acoustics
– Decreased Energy
– Increase Fan Performance
Electronics Enclosure require a custom thermal solution
Industry just started to use High Freq PWM for fan speed control
– Computers will continue to use PWM fans for the next few years
– Next Technology Programmable Smart Fans
One PWM fan for many part numbers
– Of similar size and CFM
– Change RPM by PWM ctrl software
JMC Active Coolers

25. BackupBackup

26. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
• Customer access to lab and tooling
• Test chamber and flow bench
• Design assistance
• Product testing, Life testing
• Documentation
• SLS Prototype
• Qfin, SolidWorks, Maya, CFX, Spice
Cosmos/Flow, Motor Simulation
Tool, CFD Simulator, Concepts
• Quick-turn, in-house prototyping
• Acoustic chamber
• On-site Engineering consulting
JMC Engineering CapabilitiesJMC Engineering Capabilities

27. www.jmcproducts.com
Intel Technology
Symposium
2004
®
Contact JMCContact JMC
JMC Products Corporate Headquarters (USA)
JMC Products Europe
JMC Products Asia
Support Email
Sales Email
JMC Products Web
Corporate Headquarters
512.834.8866
353 61 484555
886 03 4707533
info@jmcproducts.com
sales@jmcproducts.com
www.jmcproducts.com
10315A Metropolitan Drive
Austin, Texas 78758 USA
Abe Arredondo PE
aarredondo@jmcproducts.com