1. +
ESS 3092: KINESIOLOGY
Week 3

2. +
3x5 card
Front side:
What would you like to review on
Wednesday?
Back side:
Write an exam question for Exam 1. Please
provide the answer
*If your question is chosen, you will receive 1
bonus point on your exam
3

3. +
Your ideas for movement analysis:
1. Free throw
2. Gymnastics
3. Boxing
4. Swimming (freestyle)
5. Running hurdles
6. Olympic lifts
7. Cycling
4

4. +
Shoulder
5

5. +
Humerus (Arm)
 The humerus articulates with
the scapula at the shoulder and
with the radius and
ulna at the elbow
6

6. The Glenohumeral Joint
7

7. Bones - Scapular Landmarks
 supraspinatus fossa
 infraspinatus fossa
 spine of the scapula
 glenoid cavity
 inferior angle
 superior angle
 medial border
 lateral border
8

8.  subscapular fossa
 glenoid cavity
 coracoid process
 acromion process
9

9. Bones - Humeral Landmarks
Head
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Deltoid tuberosity
10

10. +
Glenohumeral Joint
Greatest ROM
 significant amount of laxity
Glenoid Fossa: ¼ size of humeral head
Glenoid labrum
 cartilaginous ring just inside the periphery
 contact area to 70%
The price of mobility is reduced stability
11

11. Glenohumeral Joint
Instability
problems are
common
Rotator cuff
impingement
Subluxations &
dislocations
12

12. +
Anterior Dislocation
13

13. Glenohumeral Joint
14

14. Supporting Structures
Glenohumeral
ligament
 supports anteriorly
& inferiorly
 prevents ant
dislocation
Coracohumeral
ligament
 Supports weight of
arm
15

15. Glenohumeral Ligament
16

16. The Rotator Cuff
SITS= Subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, & teres
minor muscles
 Attach to front, top, & rear of humeral head
 Point of insertion enables humeral rotation
 Vital in maintaining humeral head within glenoid fossa while
more powerful muscles move humerus through its wide ROM
17

17. +
The Rotator Cuff Muscles
Supraspinatus
 attach to greater tubercle from above (Abduct)
Infraspinatus
 attach to greater tubercle posteriorly (Ext. Rot.)
Teres Minor
 attach to greater tubercle posteriorly (Ext. Rot.)
Subscapularis
 attach to lesser tubercle anterior (Int. Rot.)
18

18. Supraspinatus
Origin
 supraspinatus fossa
Insertion
 humeral greater tubercle
Location
 superior/posterior/lateral
Movements
 abduction
p. 94
19

19. +
 Maintains humeral head in glenoid fossa
 Dynamic stability during movement
 Prep phase – anterior
 Follow-through – posterior
 Most often injured (SITS)
 Throwing, swimming
 Detect – smooth abduction against resistance
Supraspinatus
20

20. Infraspinatus
Origin
 infraspinatus fossa
Insertion
 humeral greater tubercle
Location
 posterior
Movements
 extension
 external rotation
 horizontal abduction
p. 95
21

21. +
Posterior stability
Most powerful external rotator
Stretch
 Internal rotation with extreme horizontal abduction
Infraspinatus
22

22. Teres Minor
Origin
 axillary border of scapula
Insertion
 humeral greater tubercle
Location
 posterior
Movements
 extension
 external rotation
 horizontal abduction
Posterior stability p. 96
23

23. Subscapularis
Origin
 subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion
 humeral lesser tubercle
Location
 anterior (scapula)
Movements
 adduction
 extension
 internal rotation
p. 93
24

24. +
Holds head of humerus in glenoid
fossa
 Front & below
Cannot palpate
Works with latissimus dorsi & teres
major
 Less powerful
Subscapularis
25

25. +
Teres Major
Effective only when
rhomboid stabilizes the
scapula
Latissimus Dorsi’s
“little helper”
26

26. +
Sagittal Plane Movements
27

27. +
Frontal Plane Movements
28

28. Transverse Plane Movements
Horizontal adduction
Horizontal abduction
29

29. +
Diagonal Plane Movements
30

30. +
Transverse Plane Movements
31

31. +
Organizing Muscles
Abductors
 Pectoralis major (upper
fibers)
 Deltoid (all)
 Supraspinatus
Flexors
 Pectoralis major (upper
fibers)
 Anterior deltoid
 Biceps brachii
32

32. + Biceps Brachii 33

33. +
Organizing Muscles
Adductors
 Pectoralis major (lower
fibers)
 Latissimus dorsi
 Teres major
Extensors
 Pectoralis major (lower
fibers)
 Latissimus dorsi
 Teres major
 Triceps brachii
34

34. Teres Major
Origin
 inferior lateral border of
scapula
Insertion
 humeral lesser tubercle
Location
 posterior/medial
Movements
 adduction
 extension
 internal rotation p. 97
35

35. +
Organizing Muscles
External Rotation
 Infraspinatus
 Teres minor
*Lateral side of humerus,
greater tubercle
Internal Rotation
 Pectoralis major (both)
 Subscapularis
 Latissimus dorsi
 Teres major (resistance)
*Lesser tubercle
36

36. +
Organizing Muscles
Diagonal & Horizontal
Adductors
 Pectoralis major (both)
 Coracobrachialis
 Anterior deltoid
Diagonal & Horizontal
Abductors
 Teres minor
 Infraspinatus
 Posterior deltoid
37

37. Pectoralis Major Origin
 medial/anterior clavicle (clavicular
fibers)-upper
 anterior/lateral sternum
(sternal fibers)-lower
 Insertion
 greater tubercle
 Location
 anterior
 Movements
 Clavicular fibers: flexion, internal
rotation, horizontal adduction; adduction
below 90 deg; abduction above 90 deg
 Sternal fibers: adduction, internal
rotation, horizontal adduction, extension
p. 88
38

38. +
Organizing Muscles
Anterior
• Pectoralis Major
• Coracobrachialis
• Anterior Deltoid
Superior
• Deltoid
• Supraspinatus
Posterior
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major/minor
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Post deltoid
39

39. +
Pectoralis Major
Use powerfully
 push-ups, pull-ups, throwing, tennis serve, bench press
Stretch
 External rotation of shoulder (upper- clavicular)
 Horizontal abduction (lower - sternal)
Works closely with deltoid (lifting)
40

40. Anterior Deltoid
Origin
 anterior/lateral clavicle
Insertion
 deltoid tuberosity (lateral
humerus)
Location
 anterior/lateral
Movements
 abduction
 horizontal adduction
 flexion
p. 87
41

41. Coracobrachialis
 Origin
 coracoid process
 Insertion
 middle/medial humerus
 Location
 anterior/medial
 Movements
 adduction
 flexion
 horizontal adduction
 strength- resistance
p. 91
42

42. +
Glenohumeral - Posterior
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Posterior Deltoid
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
43

43. Latissimus Dorsi
 Origin
 vertebral spines (T6-L5),
ilium, sacrum
 Insertion
 anterior humerus
 Location
 posterior
 Movements
 adduction
 extension
 internal rotation
 horizontal abduction p. 89-90
44

44. Latissimus Dorsi
One of most important
extensor muscles
Helps downward rotate
scapula
45

45. Posterior Deltoid
Origin
 scapular spine
Insertion
 deltoid tuberosity (lateral
humerus)
Location
 posterior/lateral
Movements
 abduction
 horizontal abduction
 Extension
 external rotation
p. 87
46

46. +
Glenohumeral - Superior
Middle Deltoid
Supraspinatus
47

47. Middle Deltoid
Origin
 acromion process
Insertion
 deltoid tuberosity (lateral
humerus)
Location
 superior/lateral
Movements
 abduction
p. 87
48

48. Strongest
Weakest
2 x stronger
abduction- used
less
Lats
Pecs (lower)
Teres major
Adduction
Abduction
Extension Slightly stronger than flexion
Flexion
Pecs (upper)
Ant deltoid
Shoulder joint: generates > force in lowering (add, ext) than raising (flex, abd)
Internal
Rotation
External
Rotation
Pecs, Lats
Subscap, Teres major
Infraspin, Teres minor
49

49. Organizing Shoulder Joint Muscles
Plane Movement Muscles/Location
Sagittal
Flexion Pec (upper), Ant deltoid (ant)
Extension
Pec (lower), Lats, Teres Maj, Tri (ant &
post)
Frontal
Abduction
Pec (upper), Deltoid, Supraspin (ant &
post & sup)
Adduction
Pec (lower), Lats, Teres Maj (ant &
post)
Transverse
Internal Rotation
Pecs, subscap, Lats, Teres maj (ant &
post)
External Rotation Teres min, infraspin (post)
Horizontal Abduction
(Diag)
Teres min, infraspin, post deltoid (post)
Horizontal Adduction
(Diag)
Pecs, coracobrach, ant delt (ant/sup)50

50. +
SAGITTAL PLANE
FLEXION
 Pectoralis major (clavicular
fibers)
 Coracobrachialis
 Anterior deltoid
EXTENSION
 Latissimus dorsi
 Posterior deltoid
 Teres major
 Teres minor
 Subscapularis
 Pectoralis major (sternal
fibers)
51

51. +
FRONTAL PLANE
ABDUCTION
 Pectoralis major (clavicular
fibers – above 90 degrees)
 Deltoid
 Supraspinatus
 Infraspinatus (upper fibers)
ADDUCTION
 Pectoralis major (sternal fibers)
 Latissimus Dorsi
 Teres major
 Coracobrachialis
 Teres minor
 Subscapularis
 Infraspinatus (lower fibers)
52

52. +
TRANSVERSE
 EXTERNAL ROTATION
 Infraspinatus
 Teres minor
 Posterior Deltoid
INTERNAL ROTATION
 Pectoralis major
 Subscapularis
 Latissimus dorsi
 Teres major
 Anterior Deltoid
53

53. +
TRANSVERSE PLANE
HORIZONTAL
ABDUCTION
 Posterior Deltoid
 Infraspinatus
 Teres minor
 Latissimus dorsi
HORIZONTAL
ADDUCTION
 Pectoralis major
 Coracobrachialis
 Anterior Deltoid
54

54. +
The Shoulder Girdle
Clavicle
 only attachment to thorax
Clavicle & Scapula Joints
 Sternoclavicular (SC)
 Acromioclavicular (AC)
 Scapulothoracic (ST)
 Movement of scapula on
rib cage
55

55. +
 Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)
 Does not exist in all people
 Top of humeral head
 Bony restriction
 Often injured
 Ligament support
 Coracoclavicular ligament
 Acromioclavicular ligament (sup, inf)
 Scapulothoracic joint (ST)
 Depends on SC & AC jnt, lacks ligament
support
Shoulder Girdle Joints
56

56. + Shoulder Girdle Movements - Sagittal
Scapulothoracic Movement
57

57. +
Shoulder Girdle Movements - Frontal
Scapulothoracic Movement
Lateral border
moves sup & lat
Lateral border
moves inf & med
58

58. +Shoulder Girdle Movements - Transverse
Scapulothoracic Movement
59

59. +
Barbell Press
60

60. + Barbell Press
Joint Action Prime Movers (Agonist) Lifting
Wrist &
hand
Flexion Wrist & hand flexors (isometric
contraction)
Flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor pollicis longus
Elbow Extension Elbow extensors
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Shoulder Flexion Shoulder joint flexors
Pectoralis major (upper)
Anterior deltoid
Coracobrachialis (weak)
Shoulder
girdle
Upward
rotation &
elevation
Shoulder girdle upward rotators &
elevators
Trapezius/Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
Serratus anterior
Action Prime Movers (Agonists) Lowering
Flexion Wrist & hand flexors (isometric contraction)
Flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexion Elbow extensors (eccentric)
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Extension Shoulder joint flexors (eccentric)
Pectoralis major (upper fibers)
Anterior deltoid
Coracobrachialis (weak)
Downward
rotation &
Depressio
n
Shoulder girdle upward rotators & elevators
(eccentric contraction)
Trapezius/Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
Serratus anterior
61

61. +
Chest (Bench) Press
62

62. + Chest Press (bench press)
Joint Action Prime Movers (Agonists) in Lifting Action Prime Movers (Agonists) in Lowering
Wrist &
hand
Flexion Wrist & hand flexors (isometric
contraction)
Flexion Wrist & hand flexors (isometric contraction)
Elbow Extension Elbow extensors
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Flexion Elbow extensors (eccentric)
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Shoulder Flexion &
horizontal
adduction
Shoulder flexors & horizontal
adductors
Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii (weak)
Extension &
horizontal
abduction
Shoulder joint flexors & horizontal adductors
(eccentric)
Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii (weak)
Shoulder
girdle
Abduction Shoulder girdle abductors Serratus
anterior
Pectoralis minor
Adduction Shoulder girdle abductors (eccentric)
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
63

63. +
Lat Pull Down
64

64. Latissimus Pull Down
Joint Action Prime Movers in Pull down
Wrist &
hand
Flexion Wrist & hand flexors (isometric
contraction)
Elbow Flexion Elbow flexors
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Shoulder Adduction
Horiz Abd,
Int Rot
Shoulder joint adductors
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Posterior deltoid (horiz abd)
Subscapularis (int rot)
Shoulder
girdle
Adduction,
depression,
& downward
rotation
Shoulder girdle adductors,
depressors, and downward rotators
Trapezius (lower & middle)
Pectoralis minor
Rhomboids (add)
Levator Scapulae (rot, add)
Action Prime Movers in Return
Flexion Wrist & hand flexors (isometric
contraction)
Extension Elbow flexors (eccentric)
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Abduction Shoulder joint adductors (eccentric)
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Posterior deltoid
Subscapularis
Abduction,
elevation, &
upward
rotation
Shoulder girdle adductors, depressors, &
downward rotators (eccentric)
Trapezius (lower & middle)
Pectoralis minor
Rhomboids
Levator Scapulae
65

65. +
Rowing Exercise
66

66. + Rowing Exercise
Joint Action Prime Movers Leg Push Action Prime Movers Return to Start
Foot &
ankle
Plantar
flexion
Ankle plantarflexors
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Dorsiflexion Ankle dorsiflexors
Tibialis anterior
Knee Extension Quadriceps (knee extensors)
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Flexion Knee flexors (hamstrings)
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Hip Extension Hip extensors
Gluteus maximus
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Flexion Hip flexors
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Pectineus
Trunk Extension Trunk extensors
Erector spinae
Flexion Trunk flexors
Rectus abdominis
Internal & External oblique
67

67. +
Rowing Exercise
68

68. + Rowing Exercise
Joint Action Prime Movers in Arm Pull Action Prime Movers Return to Start
Shoulder
girdle
Adduction,
downward
rotation, &
depression
Shoulder girdle adductors, downward rotators,
& depressors
Trapezius (lower)
Rhomboid
Pectoralis minor
Abduction,
upward
rotation, &
elevation
Shoulder girdle adductors, downward rotators, &
depressors (eccentric)
Trapezius (lower)
Rhomboid
Pectoralis minor
Shoulder
joint
Extension
Horiz abd
Shoulder joint extensors
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Pecs (lower)
Posterior deltoid (Horiz abd)
Teres minor (Horiz abd)
Infraspinatus (Horiz abd)
Flexion Shoulder joint extensors (eccentric)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Pecs (lower)
Posterior deltoid (Horiz abd)
Teres minor (Horiz abd)
Infraspinatus (Horiz abd)
Elbow
joint
Flexion Elbow joint flexors
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Extension Elbow joint flexors (eccentric)
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Wrist &
hand
Flexion Wrist & hand flexors (isometric contraction) Flexion Wrist & hand flexors (isometric)
69