1. BOLE@MacRitchie Yao Jiaxu Xavier Neo Benedict Lee Chee Keng Jin Jonathan Choong

2. Welcome to BOLE!!! BOLE = Trunk of a tree

3. What is Biodiversity? Diversity of living things in the environment

4. Wildlife in Singapore?

5. Can you believe that Singapore has these animals?

7. Plants

8. Fungi

10. Recap! Characteristics of Mammals Hair as outer-covering Give birth to their young Warm-blooded Suckle their young

11. Native Mammals

12. Recap! Characteristics of Birds Have feathers Lay eggs Warm-blooded Have wings, but not all birds can fly. Can you name some flightless birds?

13. Native Birds

14. Recap! Characteristics of fishes Have scales Most lay eggs, but some fishes give birth to young alive. Breathe through gills Most fishes live in water

15. Native Fish

16. Recap! Characteristics of insects Six legs and antennae Divided into three clear parts: head, thorax and abdomen Lay eggs Have an exoskeleton

17. But there are other groups of animals too…

18. Reptiles Have Scales Cold-blooded Lays Eggs Breathe through lungs

19. Native Reptiles

20. Amphibians Moist skin Cold-blooded Lay Eggs Breathe through gills/lungs Unique Life Cycle

21. Native Amphibians

22. Arachnids Eight Legs Divided into 2 parts: Head, Abdomen Exoskeleton Lay Eggs

23. Plants Able to make its own food Distinct parts: Roots, Stem, Leaves, Flowers

24. Native Plants

25. Let’s observe some Biodiversity!!

26. Fungi Reproduce through spores NOT plants Unable to photosynthesize

27. Micro-Organisms Unicellular organisms Many different kinds of Micro-organisms Planktons (microscopic animal) Green algae (microscopic plant) Also exists as bacteria Cannot be seen with our bare eyes Microscope needed

28. Let’s observe some Biodiversity!!

29. Life Cycles

30. 2-stage Life Cycles Animals that give birth Young looks like Parent Young – Adult Adult Young

31. 3-stage Life Cycles Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Arachnids, some insects, some mammals, most fish Young looks like Parent Egg – Young – Adult *Young of insect from a 3-stage life cycle is called a Nymph

32. 4-stage Life Cycle Some insects Young does not look like Parent Pupa Stage Egg – Larvae – Pupa - Adult

33. Let’s observe some Life Cycles!!

34. Leaf Studies Leaves photosynthesize to make food for the plant Types of Leaves:

35. Let’s observe some leaves!!

36. Water Watch Vital for all organisms Diverse habitats We would be analyzing the water at MacRitchie Reservoir later on, so let’s get ourselves familiar with the procedures

37. Water Parameters Smell Color Turbidity Temperature Dissolved Oxygen pH Others

38. Biodiversity Conservation Are they without threats? What can we do?

39. What are the threats Biodiversity face? Invasive alien species Climate change Pollution Habitat Destruction Human activity

40. What is the importance of conserving Biodiversity? We can then be able to appreciate them We depend on biodiversity to live healthily Healthy Biodiversity is essential for the maintenance of healthy ecosystems

41. Biodiversity Montage Clips from Awarding-winning documentary “Planet Earth” Shows you the various natural habitats of the world and their inhabitants

42. RECESS

43. Nature Trail Briefing Please give us your full attention and we will make this briefing as short as possible

44. What should be in your bag? Water bottle Umbrella or Poncho Insect repellant Pencils and erasers Optional things Sketchbook Binoculars Camera

45. Do’s and Don'ts Listen to ALL instructions carefully Be quiet at all times in the reserve Watch out for your “Buddy” Maintain a healthy distance from wildlife Walk carefully on uneven terrain Do not go off without telling anybody Do not eat during the trail, only do so during break time Do not litter

46. Dangerous Animals Poisonous Animals like snakes Aggressive monkeys What should you do?

47. Let’s move on to the more interesting stuff  Animals you might see today Colorful Kingfishers Beautiful Butterflies Cute Squirrels Perhaps even a monitor lizard! Note: Please do not touch ANY of them, especially the poisonous animals and monkeys

48. Plants and others you might see Native tree species Tree climbers Ferns Native flowering plants Many different fungi Note: Please do not destroy or pluck any plants or fungi

49. Have fun, And Lastly….