14. Valoración anatómica de la válvula y raíz
aórtica en candidatos a TAVI
• ETE, angiografía, TAC
• Diámetros tracto salida,
anillo, senos de Valsalva
• Localización calcio
• Distancia del calcio al TCI
27. Evolución tecnológica, de la experiencia y de la técnica
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011-
Mas experiencia
Anestesia general
ETE intra-proc
Acceso/cierre
quirúrgico
18F
Acceso y cierre
percutáneo
Sedación
Manejo
percutáneo
complicac
vasculares
Prevención
complicaciones
vasculares,
nuevas tallas
22-24 F
Acceso/cierre
quirúrgico
Sedación
Experiencia inicial
29. N = 699 N = 358High Risk Inoperable
Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
ASSESSMENT: High-Risk AVR Candidate
3,105 Total Patients Screened
Total = 1,057 patients
2 Parallel Trials:
Individually Powered
Standard
Therapy
ASSESSMENT:
Transfemoral Access
Not In Study
TF TAVR
Primary Endpoint: All-Cause Mortality
Over Length of Trial (Superiority)
Co-Primary Endpoint: Composite of All-Cause Mortality
and Repeat Hospitalization (Superiority)
1:1 Randomization
VS
Yes No
N = 179 N = 179
ESTUDIO PARTNER
30. Study Devices
Edwards SAPIEN THV
23 and 26 mm valves
RetroFlex
22 and 24 F sheaths
Ascendra
24 and 26 F sheaths
Transfemoral Transapical
31. “On the basis of a rate of death from any cause
at 1 year that was 20 percentage points lower with
TAVI than with standard therapy, balloon-expandable
TAVIshould be the new standard of carefor
patients with aortic stenosis who are not suitable
candidates for surgery“
Leon et al. NEJM 2010 10.1056/NEJMoa1008232
32. n = 358
Randomized Inoperable
n = 179
TAVR
n = 179
Standard therapy
124/124 patients
100% followed at 1 Yr
85/85 patients
100% followed at 1 Yr
99/102 patients*
97.1% followed at 2 Yr
56/56 patients
100% followed at 2 Yr
Study Flow
Inoperable Cohort
32
• 5 withdrawals in the first year in Standard Rx arm
• *3 patients followed outside of protocol window in TAVR group
• No patients were lost to follow-up
33. All Cause Mortality (ITT)
Landmark AnalysisAllCauseMortality(%)
Months
Mortality 0-1 yr Mortality 1-2yr
Standard Rx TAVR
HR [95% CI] =
0.57 [0.44, 0.75]
p (log rank) < 0.0001
HR [95% CI] =
0.58 [0.37, 0.92]
p (log rank) = 0.0194
50.7%
30.7%
35.1%
18.2%
Numbers at Risk
TAVR 179 138 124 110 83
Standard Rx 179 121 85 62 42
33
34. Repeat Hospitalization (ITT)
Numbers at Risk
TAVR 179 115 100 89 64
Standard Rx 179 86 49 30 17
RepeatHospitalization(%)
Standard Rx
TAVR
∆ at 2 yr = 37.5%
NNT = 2.7 pts
72.5%
35.0%
∆ at 1 yr = 26.9%
NNT = 3.7 pts
53.9%
27.0%
35
Months
HR [95% CI] =
0.41 [0.30, 0.58]
p (log rank) < 0.0001
35. Percent
Treatment Visit Baseline 1 Year 2 Year
p = 0.61 p < 0.0001 p < 0.0001
92.2%
57.5%
16.9%
23.7%
60.8%
93.9%
NYHA Class Over Time
Survivors
36
36. All Stroke (ITT)
Numbers at Risk
TAVR 179 128 116 105 79
Standard Rx 179 118 84 62 42
Incidence(%)
Months
Standard Rx
TAVR
∆ at 2 yr = 8.3%
5.5%
13.8%
∆ at 1 yr = 5.7%
5.5%
11.2%
37
HR [95% CI] =
2.79 [1.25, 6.22]
p (log rank) = 0.009
37. Mortality or Stroke (ITT)
Numbers at Risk
TAVR 179 128 116 105 79
Standard Rx 179 118 84 62 42
AllCauseMortalityorStroke(%)
Months
Standard Rx
TAVR
∆ at 2 yr = 21.9%
NNT = 4.6 pts
68.0%
46.1%
∆ at 1 yr = 16.1%
NNT = 6.2 pts 51.3%
35.2%
38
HR [95% CI] =
0.64 [0.49, 0.84]
p (log rank) = 0.0009
38. MeanGradient(mmHg)
Error bars = ± 1 Std Dev
EOA
Mean Gradient
N = 158
N = 162
N = 137
N = 143
N = 84
N = 89
N = 65
N = 65
N = 9
N = 9
AVA(cm²)
Mean Gradient & Valve Area
39
40. N = 179
N = 358Inoperable
Standard
Therapy
ASSESSMENT:
Transfemoral Access
Not In Study
TF TAVR
Primary Endpoint: All-Cause Mortality
Over Length of Trial (Superiority)
Co-Primary Endpoint: Composite of All-Cause Mortality
and Repeat Hospitalization (Superiority)
1:1 Randomization
VS
Yes No
N = 179
TF TAVR AVR
Primary Endpoint: All-Cause Mortality at 1 yr
(Non-inferiority)
TA TAVR AVRVSVS
N = 248 N = 104 N = 103N = 244
PARTNER Study Design
Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
ASSESSMENT: High-Risk AVR Candidate
3,105 Total Patients Screened
Total = 1,057 patients
2 Parallel Trials:
Individually Powered
N = 699 High Risk
ASSESSMENT:
Transfemoral Access
Transapical (TA)Transfemoral (TF)
1:1 Randomization1:1 Randomization
Yes No
41. Publications in NEJM
1-Year outcomes published on-line June 5, 2011
@ NEJM.org and in print June 9, 2011
2-Year outcomes published on-line March 26, 2012
@ NEJM.org and print May 3, 2012
42. Baseline Patient Characteristics
Demographics
Characteristic
TAVR
(n=348)
AVR
(n=351)
n n
Age – years (Mean ± SD) 348 83.6 ± 6.8 349 84.5 ± 6.4
Male 201 57.8% 198 56.7%
NYHA Class III or IV 328 94.3% 328 94.0%
Previous CABG 148 42.5 152 43.6
Cerebrovascular disease 96 29.4 87 26.8
Peripheral vascular disease 149 43.2 142 41.6
STS Score (Mean ± SD) 347 11.8 ± 3.3 349 11.7 ± 3.5
45. PercentofPatients
Baseline 30 Days 2 Years1 Year
94%
15%
94%
24%
15% 13%
17%
35%
348 186205226250266307349
I
II
III
IV
NYHA Class Survivors (ITT)
p = 0.001p = NS p = NS p = NS
3 Years
133151
p = NS
14%19%
No. at Risk
62. IMPLANTES EN EUROPA
Top 3 highest/lowest
implanting countries,
by number of
implants
Cumulative TAVR (%)
of total implants
TAVR centers per
million population,
2011
TAVR implants per
center, 2011
Germany 45.9 1.1 81
Italy 14.9 1.4 22
France 12.9 0.5 74
Denmark 1.9 0.5 80
Portugal 0.6 0.3 22
Ireland 0.4 0.7 10
Heartwire, 8 mayo 2013
95. Conclusiones
• Técnica ya establecida y en expansión.
• Eficaz (buen resultado hemodinámico a corto y medio plazo)
• Las mejoras técnicas y la experiencia han mejorado la aplicabilidad, la
seguridad y los resultados del procedimiento.
• Queda pendiente la constatación de su durabilidad.
• Indicación en pacientes inoperables (PARTNER cohorte B).
• No inferior a la cirugía convencional en pacientes de alto riesgo quirúrgico
(Estudio PARTNER cohorte A).
• Nuevas indicaciones potenciales.
– Prótesis biológicas degeneradas (Valve in valve).
– Patología diferente de la estenosis aortica degenerativa (IAo)
– Pacientes menor riesgo
– Nuevas posiciones (VM, VP, VT)
• Coste-efectividad.
• Nuevos dispositivos en desarrollo