2. Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person
to another by getting something in exchange from the buyer.
• Trade is sometimes loosely called financial transaction. A network that allows
trade is called a market. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade,
while trade between more than two traders is called multilateral trade.
• Trade exists for man due to specialization and division of labor, most people
concentrate on a small aspect of production, trading for other products. Trade
exists between regions because different regions have a comparative advantage
in the production of some tradable commodity, or because different regions'
size allows for the benefits of mass production. As such, trade at market prices
between two locations benefits both locations.
3. • Trading can also refer to the action performed by traders and other market
agents in the financial markets.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
• International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across
international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a
significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has
been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), its
economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent
centuries.
• Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational
corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international
trade system.
• International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with
international finance, forms the larger branch of international economics.
4. • 38 % of fisheries and aquaculture production is traded internationally. This trade
was worth US$ 8 billion in 1976, US$ 58 billion in 2002 and US$ 78 billion in
2005.
• The most important species traded are shrimp (16.5 % by value in 2004), groundfish (fish
living on or near the bottom of the sea such as cod, hake, pollock and haddock, 10.2 %),
tuna (8.7 %) and salmon (8.5 %).
• An increasing proportion of fish products traded come from aquaculture, which
accounts for over one third of global fisheries production. Most of this trade is
regulated by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
• China is the world’s number one producer and exporter of fish products. It was
responsible for 10 % of world exports by value in 2006
• Fish trade can bring a range of benefits, but its potential impact on fish stocks, social
equity and economic development must also be considered to minimise negative
impacts and promote sustainable development
5. Net export revenues from fisheries, agricultural and forest commodities for
developing countries, 1976–2004. Data sources: Fisheries - FAO FISHSTAT
from Fisheries and Aquaculture Information and Statistics Service;
Agriculture and Forestry - FAOSTAT.
6. Amount of fish traded internationally :
A large share of all fish production enters international marketing
channels, with about 38% (live weight equivalent) exported in 2004.
Value of fish exports:
In 2004, total world exports of fish and fish products reached a record
value of US $71.5 billion, a 51% increase from 1994.
Value of fish imports:
World fish imports rise 25.4% from 2000 to 2004, reaching the new record of
more than US $75 billion in 2004. Developed countries accounted for about 81% of
the total value of imports.
7. Top exporting countries:
• China (exports valued at US$6.6
billion)
• Norway (US$4.1 billion)
• Thailand (US$4.0 billion)
• United States (US$3.9 billion)
• Denmark (US$3.6 billion) Top Importing countries:
• Canada (US$3.5 billion)
• Spain (US$2.6 billion) •Japan (US$14.6 billion worth of
• Chile (US$2.5 billion) imports)
• Netherlands (US$2.5 billion) •United States (US$12 billion)
•Spain (US$5.2 billion)
• Viet Nam (US$2.4 billion).
•France (US$4.2 billion)
•Italy (US$3.9 billion)
•United Kingdom (US$2.8 billion)
•Germany (US$2.8 billion).
8. INDIA, in WORLD FISH TRADE
• In most developing countries, like India, prosperity of the fisheries sector relies
largely on the international trade.
• According Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, Around half of the world’s
exports of fish and fish products originate from the developing countries.
• India’s trade share in fisheries sector is only 2.64% in 2006–07 to the total global
trade (with total global trade amounting to about US$ 70 billion), that is Rs.
83,630 million.
9. Fisheries Sector Trade
There are four distinct channels through which fish is marketed in the
country. These are: (i) local fresh fish trade; (ii) processed fish trade; (iii) export
trade; and (iv) domestic urban trade (Salagrama, 2004).
Fishmeal trade is another important market chain catering to poultry and
aquaculture sectors.
It is estimated that, in 1997–98; about 780 thousand tonnes of fish out of a
total production of 5.3 million tonnes (roughly 15 percent) was used for
‘non-human’ uses (FAO, 2002), which could be for fish meal purposes.
10. EXPORT TRADE
• India has been exporting varieties of fisheries items for a long time now.
• India’s fish exports even in real terms show an impressive growth from the
decade of 1960s till about 1980–81. Though a downward trend is visible
thereafter, it picks up from1999–’00 again.
(Source: Compiled using data from the Ministry of Commerce,
11. • In terms of overall exports from the country, seafood stands at 10th place,
accounting for 2.7 % of total export earnings in 2001.
• Among seafood exporting countries, Indian exports stood at 17th position in terms
of quantity and 12th in terms of value (Mathew, 2003). Its export share in the world
seafood market is about 2.4% (Kulkarni, 2005).
• Shrimp is the most important species in the export market chains and its
contribution to overall exports went up from a mere 13 MT in 1953 (Kurien, 1985)
to 110,275 MT during 1999–2000 (MPEDA, 2001).
• Over time, finfish exports have shown rapid growth in the export basket,
accounting for nearly 35% of the volume of export trade in fisheries in 2004–2005.
• Although this means that the contribution of shrimp to overall exports declined
from about 59% in 1978–79 to a little under 30% in 2004–05 in terms of volume,
it still accounts for 63.50% of the total value of the exports (MPEDA, 2006).
12. Export of marine products(INDIA)
Year US $ Million
3000 2857
2001-02 1253
2500
2002-03 1425 2133
2000 1850 1899 1909
2003-04 1331 1644
1425 1478
2004-05 1478 1500
1253
1331
2005-06 1644 1000
2006-07 1850 500
2007-08 1899 0
2008-09 1909
2009-10 2133 US $ Million
2010-11 2857
(Source:MPE
13. • Major exporting countries from India are as follows Australia ,Canada
,Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Hong Kong, U.K., China, U.S.A., Japan .
EXPORT OF FISHERY AND MARINE PRODUCT FROM INDIA
(Rs. Crores)
Source: Compiled using data from the Ministry of
14. SHARE OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES IN INDIA’S FISH EXPORTS
Source: Compiled using data from the Ministry of
Commerce, Government of India (GoI).
•To begin with Japan however had the highest share in India’s exports followed by
USA.
•Amongst the exporters Norway has the lowest share.
15. • China, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Mexico, Greenland and Ecuador are the
major competitors of India in the main shrimp export markets.
• For the promotion of exports, marine products export development authority
has been constituted with its main office in Kochi (or, Cochin), Kerala, which
takes various actions for improving fish exports from India.
16. IMPORT TRADE
• In the Indian fisheries industry, the situation for imports is quite different from
that of exports. From being a country where no imports were allowed, imports
quickly increased when the borders were opened, though the level of imports is
still very low.
• real imports data for a long period of 1962 to 2004 shows that though in the
initial years imports were high, it fell drastically later and remain low till now.
• From the year 2000, however, an increasing trend is visible.
Source: Compiled using comtra
17. TOTAL IMPORT OF FISH AND CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSCS AND OTHER
AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES (crores)
Source: Compiled using data from the Ministry of
Commerce, Government of India (GoI).
18. INDIA’S IMPORT SHARE OF FISH AND
CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSCS AND OTHER AQUATIC INVERTE-
BRATES FROM MAJOR EXPORTING COUNTRIES (2006-07)
Source: Compiled using data from the Ministry of
Commerce, Government of India (GoI).
While India’s imports are much lower that exports highest share is that of USA closely
followed by Norway. There has been a significant jump in India’s import of fishery items from
Norway
19. • R. Meenakshi, Fisheries trade in india:
Understanding Potntials and
Barriers, Institute of Social and Economic
Change, Bangalore,India
• FACT SHEET: The international fish trade and
world fisheries, United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO)
• Fisheries and Policy International
Trade,Department for International
Development (DFID) and Marine Resources
Assessment Group (MRAG) Ltd, UK
20. Previous Years questions
2008- outline the recent trade in seafood
export from india.
2009- Explain with help of emperical data
the recent trends in the export of marine
products from India.
2010- write short notes:- India’s share in
world fish trade.
