Jan25 Ext Update Irwin2

Wal-Mart in the Local Economy Elena Irwin, Associate Professor AED Economics

Wal-Mart Basics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Wal-Mart Stores and Average Sales per Store, 1985-2004 (Basker and Van, 2005)

Wal-Mart Growth, 1962-2005 By Thomas Holmes, U Minnesota Website: http://www.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/research.html

The Economics of Wal-Mart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Economics of Wal-Mart Increased market size Lower unit costs Lower prices Technological innovation Increased purchases from offshore manufacturers Increased sales Low wages

Key Implication ,[object Object]

Wal-Mart in the Local Community ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],? ?

Lower Prices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Source: Hausman and Liebtag, 2005 Supercenters include Wal-Mart and other discount food retailers and mass merchandisers Supermarkets includes Krogers, Safeway and other traditional grocerers Average price ratios (1998-2001) in six U.S. metro areas

Benefit Cost Savings to Consumers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

How Much Do Consumers Benefit from Lower Food Prices? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hausman and Liebtag (2005)

Main Findings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Consumer Benefits by Household Income Level Source: Hausman and Liebtag, 2005

Main Findings ,[object Object],[object Object]

Benefit Increase in Local Retail Sales ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

Benefit vs. Cost Job Creation vs. Destruction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

Does Wal-Mart Add, Displace or Diminish Retail Jobs in Local Area? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is Wal-Mart’s Impact on Small Retailers? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How Does Wal-Mart Affect Other Local Businesses? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Does Wal-Mart Impact Retailers in Neighboring Communities? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Costs Lower Wages, Lower Job Quality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

Costs Lower Wages, Lower Job Quality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

Does Wal-Mart Depress Overall Retail Wages? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Does Wal-Mart “Nickel and Dime” Its Workers? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Costs Greater Social Stress, Community Loss ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

Does Wal-Mart Increase Local Poverty? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Does Wal-Mart Erode the Traditional Community? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Macro-Effects of Wal-Mart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Benefit Less Consumer Price Inflation ,[object Object],? ,[object Object],Source: Robin Wehbé, Global Fundamental Research

Cost U.S. Manufacturing Job Loss ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

In Summary, is Wal-Mart a Boon or Bane to Communities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

Who Gains and Who Loses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

Some Concluding Thoughts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some Concluding Thoughts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How Can Communities Adapt? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acknowledgements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Selected References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Department of Ag., Environmental & Development Economics Elena Irwin, Associate Professor [email_address] http://aede.osu.edu/people/Irwin.78

Jan25 Ext Update Irwin2

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