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New green chemical techniques in textile coloration processes Dr. Richard S. Blackburn Senior Lecturer and Head of Green Chemistry Group Centre for Technical Textiles UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, LS2 9JT, UK [email_address]

Where can Green Chemistry have an impact in Coloration? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sustainable platform chemicals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sustainable platform chemicals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sustainable platform chemicals ,[object Object],[object Object],Table: The effect of pH on solubility and colour of alizarin and 1H2EA insoluble no colour v. sparingly soluble no colour 4 insoluble no colour soluble purple colour 10 insoluble no colour sparingly soluble orange/yellow colour 7 1H2EA Alizarin pH

Sustainable platform chemicals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Table: Colour strength (K/S) values of dyed samples 20.9 19.2 4% omf at 130 °C 10.6 2.2 4% omf at 115 °C 8.7 6.5 1% omf at 130 °C 5.1 4.3 2.1 3.1 1% omf at 100 °C 4.3 1.5 1% omf at 90 °C PLA PET PLA PET 1H2EA Alizarin Conditions of application

Sustainable platform chemicals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Table: Light fastness of dyed samples (1-8 scale) 6 5 4% omf at 130 °C 6 3/4 4% omf at 115 °C 6 4 1% omf at 130 °C 5/6 6 3 3 1% omf at 100 °C 5 3 1% omf at 90 °C PLA PET PLA PET 1H2EA Alizarin Conditions of application

Green Chemistry Sulphur Dyeing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanism of sulphur dyeing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reducing agents in sulphur dyeing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alternative reducing agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Application of various reducing D -sugars ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Blackburn, R. S.; Harvey, A. Env. Sci. Technol. 2004 , 38 (14), 4034.

D -arabinose D (-)-fructose D (+)-galactose α - D -glucose

Environmental and economical considerations Relative theoretical COD and price of reducing agents per kg dyed cotton a Based on 2.5 g dm -3 reducing agent (typical optimum concentration) at a liquor ratio of 25:1 4.30 70.1 D -maltose 2.08 70.1 β- D -lactose 0.58 66.6 α- D -glucose 4.14 66.6 D (+)-galactose 1.65 66.6 D (-)-fructose 28.06 66.6 D -arabinose 1.18 71.3 sodium hydrosulfide 1.60 51.3 sodium sulfide £ kg -1 dyed cotton a g O 2 kg -1 dyed cotton a Reducing agent

Greener reactive dyeing of cellulose ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Problems with high electrolyte concentration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanism of reactive dye fixation to cellulose (Nucleophilic substitution)

Mechanism of reactive dye fixation to cellulose (Michael Addition)

Colour (unfixed dye) in effluent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

High water consumption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pre-treatment agents Copolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and 3-aminoprop-1-ene (PT1) Copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine quaternised with 1-amino-2-chloroethane (PT2)

High substantivity of pre-treatments for cotton ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PT1 Conformational interaction between PT1 and cellulose

PT2 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanism of operation (schematic)

Advantages of pre-treatment system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

System comparison pre-treatment (10), detergent (20) 0 0 0 50 195 1 Pre-treatment acetic acid (60), detergent (20) 500 1500 0 125 295 5 Cibacron F detergent (20) 500 0 1625 105 365 4 Procion H-EXL acetic acid (60), detergent (20) 500 1250 0 145 355 6 Remazol RR Other Chemicals (g/kg fabric) Na 2 CO 3 (g/kg fabric) Na 2 SO 4 (g/kg fabric) NaCl (g/kg fabric) Water ( ℓ /kg fabric) Time (mins) Wash-off stages Procedure

Publications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DyeCat Ltd. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©DyeCat 2006

DyeCat Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©DyeCat 2006

Contacts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©DyeCat 2006

Acknowledgements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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