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Gerard B. Hawkins

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Reactor Modeling Tools – Multiple Regressions CONTENTS 0 INTRODUCTION 1 SCOPE 2 THEORY 3 EXCEL 2007: MULTIPLE REGRESSIONS 3.1 Overview 3.2 Multiple Regression Using the Data Analysis ADD-IN 3.3 Interpret Regression Statistics Table 3.4 Interpret ANOVA Table 3.5 Interpret Regression Coefficients Table 3.6 Confidence Intervals for Slope Coefficients 3.7 Test Hypothesis of Zero Slope Coefficients ("Test of Statistical Significance") 3.8 Test Hypothesis on a Regression Parameter 3.8.1 Using the p-value approach 3.8.2 Using the critical value approach 3.9 Overall Test of Significance of the Regression Parameters 3.10 Predicted Value of Y Given Regressors 3.11 Excel Limitations 4 SPECIAL FEATURES REQUIRING MORE SOPHISTICATED TECHNIQUES 5 USER INFORMATION SUPPLIED A SUBROUTINE B DATA C RESULTS 6 EXAMPLE

Reactor Modeling Tools – Multiple Regressions

Gerard B. Hawkins

Carbon Formation in Mixed Feed Preheat Coils

Gerard B. Hawkins

Biological Systems: A Special Case Up till now we have discussed various aspects of the separation and processing of fine solids without too much reference (except in the examples) to the specifics of the properties of the materials concerned. Though the material properties are the dominant influence on efficient process design and operation, it has been postulated that the necessary characteristics for process selection and optimization can be found fairly readily using easily-applicable rheological and other techniques. This underlying assumption also seems to hold good for biological suspensions; however, certain aspects of the behavior of these systems are sufficiently specialized for them to merit a separate discussion viz: 1 TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL SEPARATION 1.1 Whole-Organism Case 1.2 Part-Cell Separations 1.3 Isolation of Individual Molecular Species 2 SETTING ABOUT DEVISING AN EFFECTIVE PROCESS FOR SEPARATION OF A BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL 2.1 Whole-Organism Case 2.1.1 Characterization of Biopolymers in the Liquor 2.1.2 Release of Internal Water 2.2 Part -Cell Separations 2.2.1 Selectivity 2.2.2 Cost 2.3 Isolation of Individual Molecular Species 3 Examples 3.1 Effective Design and Operation of a Process for Harvesting of Single Cell Protein 3.2 Harvesting of Mycoprotein for Human Consumption 3.3 Thickening of a Filamentous Organism Suspension 3.4 Separation of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate Polymer (PHB) from Alcaligenes Eutrophus Biomass 3.5 Isolation of Organic Acid Produced by an Enzymatic Process 4 REFERENCES Table Figures

Biological Systems - A Special Case

Gerard B. Hawkins

Determination of Hydrocarbons in Anhydrous Ammonia By Gas Chromatography SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The method is suitable for the determination of hydrocarbons from C1 to C4 (see 6.4.2) in gaseous ammonia, or in mixtures of ammonia and air. It is valid for concentrations in the range 10-10000 ppm. The method may be used for the analysis of the atmosphere from a ships hold After purging with ammonia and for the analysis of gasified liquid anhydrous ammonia during or after loading. In these cases, hydrocarbon contamination may arise from the previous cargo of the vessel, the nature of which should be ascertained prior to carrying out the analysis

Determination of Hydrocarbons in Anhydrous Ammonia By Gas Chromatography

Gerard B. Hawkins

Determination of Argon in Ammonia Plant Process Gas Streams by Gas Chromatogr...

Gerard B. Hawkins

BENFIELD LIQUOR:Determination of Diethanolamine Using an Auto Titrator 1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION This method is suitable for the determination of diethanolamine in Benfield Liquor. 2 PRINCIPLE Diethanolamine is converted quantitatively into ammonia by boiling in the presence of sulfuric acid and copper sulfate. The ammonia is distilled from an alkaline medium and absorbed into boric acid. The solution is titrated with standard acid.

BENFIELD LIQUOR:Determination of Diethanolamine Using an Auto Titrator

Gerard B. Hawkins

Determination of Carbon Dioxide, Ethane And Nitrogen in Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography 1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION This document is a method for the determination of carbon dioxide, ethane and nitrogen in natural gas in the range 0-10% v/v. 2 PRINCIPLE The gas sample will be injected automatically by a ten port valve onto the poraplot U column. The nitrogen will elute first and be switched to the mole sieve column. The mole sieve column will be isolated and the poraplot column will elute the carbon dioxide and ethane via a restrictor column to the detector. After the elution of the carbon dioxide and ethane the poraplot column will be back flushed. Then the nitrogen will be allowed to elute from the mole sieve column (see figure 1.) ...

Determination of Carbon Dioxide, Ethane And Nitrogen in Natural Gas by Gas C...

Gerard B. Hawkins

The Most Popular Free Lance Tools

Gerard B. Hawkins

Determination of Residue and Oil in Anhydrous Ammonia

Gerard B. Hawkins

Determination of Anions by Ion Chromatography 1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION This method is suitable for the determination of inorganic anions in Ammonia Solution in the range 100 ppb to 50 ppm m/v. 2 PRINCIPLE The sample is passed through a column of anion exchange resin, on which the anions are absorbed and separated. They are then eluted with dilute sodium carbonate/sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and passed through a suppressor. This replaces the cations with hydrogen ions and thus reduces the background conductivity of the eluent. Final measurement is by conductivity

Determination of Anions by Ion Chromatography

Gerard B. Hawkins

Determination of Residue on Evaporation in Anhydrous Ammonia

Gerard B. Hawkins

OLEFIN HYDROGENATION - VULCAN Series VHT-S101/S103

Gerard B. Hawkins

Integration of Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps into a Process This Engineering Design Guide deals with: (a) The specification of the pump duty for enquiries to be sent to pump vendors, (b) The estimation of the characteristics and requirements of the pumps in order to provide preliminary information for design work by others. It applies to pumps in Group 2 and 3 as defined in GBHE-EDS-MAC-21 Series, and is also an essential preliminary step for a pump in Group 1 whose final duty is negotiated with the chosen pump supplier. It may be used for general-purpose pumps in Group 4; their duties when used in a support role are often inadequately defined, whereupon such pumps can be specified by reference to the manufacturer's data for a pump satisfactorily fulfilling the same process need.

Integration of Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps into a Process

Gerard B. Hawkins

Study 1: Concept Hazard Review CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE 1.0.1 Team 1.0.2 Timing 1.0.3 Preparation 1.0.4 Documentation HAZARD STUDY 1: APPLICATION 1.1 Project Definition 1.2 Process Description 1.3 Materials Hazards 1.4 External Authorities 1.5 Organization and Human Factors 1.6 Additional Activities to be Completed 1.7 Review of Hazard Study 1 APPENDICES A Chemical Hazard Guide Diagram B Safety Risk Criteria - Limit Values for Tolerable Risk C List of Additional Assessments

Study 1: Concept Hazard Review

Gerard B. Hawkins

Application of Process to Management of Change and Modifications Hazard Study Process: GBHE-PGP-006 CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE 1.1 THE NEED FOR MODIFICATIONS 1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF A MODIFICATION 1.3 PRINCIPLES TO BE FOLLOWED 1.4 REPLACEMENT OF ’LIKE WITH LIKE’ 1.5 REMOTE / SMALLER SITES 1.6 GENERAL GUIDANCE TO INDIVIDUALS DOING SHE ASSESSMENTS FOR MODIFICATIONS 1.7 MODIFICATIONS HAZARD STUDY DECISION MECHANISM 1.7.1 Purpose 1.7.2 Methodology FIGURE 1 MODIFICATION FLOWCHART M1 Title, description, registration and process flowsheet Gate 1 Preliminary authorization Table 1 Difference between a Modification and a Project M2 Risk Assessment Gate 2 Approval M3 Detailed design and implementation Gate 3 Pre-Commissioning check M4 Commissioning Gate 4 Commissioned M5 Final review and file APPENDIX APPENDIX A CHECKLIST FOR MODIFICATIONS APPENDIX B DOCUMENTATION PROMPT LIST APPENDIX C TYPICAL MODIFICATION FORM G1 PRELIMINARY AUTHORIZATION M2 PRELIMINARY SSHE ASSESSMENT G2 REVIEW PRELIMINARY SSHE ASSESSMENT M3 DESIGN and ESTIMATION SSHE ASSESSMENT G3 APPROVAL M4 DETAILED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION G4 PRE-COMMISSIONING CHECK M5 COMMISSIONING G5 COMMISSIONED M6 FINAL REVIEW AND FILE

Application of Process to Management of Change and Modifications

Gerard B. Hawkins

GE / Texaco Gasifier Feed to a Lurgi Methanol Plant and its Effect on Methanol Production CONTENTS 0 Methanol Synthesis Introduction 1 Executive Summary 2 Design Basis 2.1.1 Train I Design Basis 2.1.2 Train II Design Basis 2.1.3 Train III Design Basis 2.2 Design Philosophy 2.2.1 Operability Review 2.3 Assumptions 2.4 Train IV Flowsheet 2.4.1 CO2 Removal 3 Discussion 3.1 Natural Gas Consumption Figures 3.1.1 Base Case 3.1.2 Case 1 – Coal Gasification in Service 3.1.3 Case 2 – Coal Gasification in Service – No CO2 Export 3.2 Methanol Production Figures 3.2.1 Base Case 3.2.2 Case 1 – Coal Gasification in Service 3.2.3 Case 2 – Coal Gasification in Service – No CO2 Export 3.3 85% Natural Gas Availability 3.4 100% Natural Gas Availability 3.5 CO2 Emissions 3.5.1 Base Case 3.5.2 Case 1 – Coal Gasification in Service 3.5.3 Case 2 – Coal Gasification in Service – No CO2 Export 3.6 Specific Consumption Figures 3.6.1 Base Case 3.6.2 Case 1 – Coal Gasification and CO2 Import 3.6.3 Case 2 – Coal Gasification and No CO2 Import 3.7 Train IV Synthesis Gas Composition 4 Further Work 5 Conclusion APPENDIX Important Stream Data – Material Balance Stream Data Texaco Gasifier with HP Steam Raising Boiler CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL Material Balance Considerations

GE / Texaco Gasifier Feed to a Lurgi Methanol Plant and its Effect on Methano...

Gerard B. Hawkins

Hydrogen Plant Flowsheet - Effects of Low Steam Ratio

Gerard B. Hawkins

Periodic Hazard Review: (PHA Revalidation) CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE 1.0.1 Team 1.0.2 Timing 1.0.3 Preparation 1.0.4 Documentation PERIODIC HAZARD REVIEW (PHR): APPLICATION 1.1 HAZARD STUDY 1 1.2 HAZARD STUDY 2 1.3 ACTIONS ARISING FROM PHR 1.4 REVIEW OF PHR APPENDIX A RISK MATRIX A.1 RISK MATRIX A.2 RISK MATRIX - GUIDANCE FOR CONSEQUENCE CATEGORIES – SAFETY AND HEALTH INCIDENTS A.3 RISK MATRIX GUIDANCE FOR CONSEQUENCE CATEGORIES – ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENTS

Periodic Hazard Review (PHA Revalidation)

Gerard B. Hawkins

Tools for Reactor Modeling: THE ELEMENT POTENTIAL METHOD FOR CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS: STANJAN CONTENTS 1 SCOPE 2 SUMMARY 3 INTRODUCTION 4 EXAMPLES 4.1 CARBON-RICH C-0 SYSTEM 4.2 EXAMPLE WITH TWO COMPLEX PHASES 4.3 GAS TURBINE ENGINE EXAMPLE 4.4 OTHER APPLICATIONS APPENDIX FIGURES 5.1 EXAMPLE RUN LOG FOR CARBON-RICH C-O SYSTEM 5.2 OUTPUT FOR EXAMPLE WITH TWO COMPLEX PHASES 5.3 FIRST STEP IN THE TURBINE EXAMPLE: CALCULATION OF THE ENTHALPY OF THE REACTANTS 5.4 SECOND STEP IN THE TURBINE EXAMPLE: CALCULATION OF THE ADIABATIC FLAME TEMPERATURE 5.5 THIRD STEP IN THE TURBINE EXAMPLE: CALCULATION OF THE NOZZLE EXIT STATE AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STANJAN REFERENCES

Reactor Modeling Tools - STANJAN

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRE-SULFIDING & ON-LINE SULFIDING of VULCAN Series CoMo and NiMo Catalyst in...

Gerard B. Hawkins

Destacado (20)

Reactor Modeling Tools – Multiple Regressions

Carbon Formation in Mixed Feed Preheat Coils

Biological Systems - A Special Case

Determination of Hydrocarbons in Anhydrous Ammonia By Gas Chromatography

Determination of Argon in Ammonia Plant Process Gas Streams by Gas Chromatogr...

BENFIELD LIQUOR:Determination of Diethanolamine Using an Auto Titrator

Determination of Carbon Dioxide, Ethane And Nitrogen in Natural Gas by Gas C...

The Most Popular Free Lance Tools

Determination of Residue and Oil in Anhydrous Ammonia

Determination of Anions by Ion Chromatography

Determination of Residue on Evaporation in Anhydrous Ammonia

OLEFIN HYDROGENATION - VULCAN Series VHT-S101/S103

Integration of Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps into a Process

Study 1: Concept Hazard Review

Application of Process to Management of Change and Modifications

GE / Texaco Gasifier Feed to a Lurgi Methanol Plant and its Effect on Methano...

Hydrogen Plant Flowsheet - Effects of Low Steam Ratio

Periodic Hazard Review (PHA Revalidation)

Reactor Modeling Tools - STANJAN

PRE-SULFIDING & ON-LINE SULFIDING of VULCAN Series CoMo and NiMo Catalyst in...

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Pressure Relief Systems Vol 2

Gerard B. Hawkins

Pressure Relief Systems BACKGROUND TO RELIEF SYSTEM DESIGN Vol.1 of 6 The Guide has been written to advise those involved in the design and engineering of pressure relief systems. It takes the user from the initial identification of potential causes of overpressure or under pressure through the process design of relief systems to the detailed mechanical design. "Hazard Studies" and quantitative hazards analysis are not described; these are seen as complementary activities. Typical users of the Guide will use some Parts in detail and others in overview.

Pressure Relief Systems

Gerard B. Hawkins

GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy Gases This Process Safety Guide has been written with the aim of assisting process engineers, hazard analysts and environmental advisers in carrying out gas dispersion calculations. The Guide aims to provide assistance by: • Improving awareness of the range of dispersion models available within GBHE, and providing guidance in choosing the most appropriate model for a particular application. • Providing guidance to ensure that source terms and other model inputs are correctly specified, and the models are used within their range of applicability. • Providing guidance to deal with particular topics in gas dispersion such as dense gas dispersion, complex terrain, and modeling the chemistry of oxides of nitrogen. • Providing general background on air quality and dispersion modeling issues such as meteorology and air quality standards. • Providing example calculations for real practical problems. SCOPE The gas dispersion guide contains the following Parts: 1 Fundamentals of meteorology. 2 Overview of air quality standards. 3 Comparison between different air quality models. 4 Designing a stack. 5 Dense gas dispersion. 6 Calculation of source terms. 7 Building wake effects. 8 Overview of the chemistry of the oxides of nitrogen. 9 Overview of the ADMS complex terrain module. 10 Overview of the ADMS deposition module. 11 ADMS examples. 12 Modeling odorous releases. 13 Bibliography of useful gas dispersion books and reports. 14 Glossary of gas dispersion modeling terms. Appendix A : Modeling Wind Generation of Particulates. APPENDIX B TABLE OF PROPERTY VALUES FOR SPECIFIC CHEMICALS

GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy Gases

Gerard B. Hawkins

101 Things That Can Go Wrong on a Primary Reformer - Best Practices Guide

Gerard B. Hawkins

El impacto en el rendimiento del catalizador por envenenamiento y ensuciamien...

Gerard B. Hawkins

Theory of Carbon Formation in Steam Reforming Contents 1 Introduction 2 Underpinning Theory 2.1 Conceptualization 2.2 Reforming Reactions 2.3 Carbon Formation Chemistry 2.3.1 Natural Gas 2.3.2 Carbon Formation for Naphtha Feeds 2.3.3 Carbon Gasification 2.4 Heat Transfer 3 Causes 3.1 Effects of Carbon Formation 3.2 Types of Carbon 4 What are the Effects of Carbon Formation? 4.1 Why does Carbon Formation Get Worse? 4.1.1 So what is the Next Step? 4.2 Consequences of Carbon Formation 4.3 Why does Carbon Form where it does? 4.3.1 Effect on Process Gas Temperature 4.4 Why does Carbon Formation Propagate Down the Tube? 4.4.1 Effect on Radiation on the Fluegas Side 4.5 Why does Carbon Formation propagate Up the Tube? 5 How do we Prevent Carbon Formation 5.1 The Role of Potash 5.2 Inclusion of Pre-reformer 5.3 Primary Reformer Catalyst Parameters 5.3.1 Activity 5.3.2 Heat Transfer 5.3.3 Increased Steam to Carbon Ratio 6 Steam Out 6.1 Why does increasing the Steam to Carbon Ratio Not Work? 6.2 Why does reducing the Feed Rate not help? 6.3 Fundamental Principles of Steam Outs TABLES 1 Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Typical Reformer 2 Typical Catalyst Loading Options FIGURES 1 Hot Bands 2 Conceptual Pellet 3 Naphtha Carbon Formation 4 Heat Transfer within an Reformer 5 Types of Carbon Formation 6 Effect of Carbon on Nickel Crystallites 7 Absorption of Heat 8 Comparison of "Base Case" v Carbon Forming Tube 9 Carbon Formation Vicious Circle 10 Temperature Profiles 11 Carbon Pinch Point 12 Carbon Formation 13 Effect on Process Gas Temperature 14 How does Carbon Propagate into an Unaffected Zone? 15 Movement of the Carbon Forming Region 16 Effect of Hot Bands on Radiative Heat Transfer 17 Effect of Potash on Carbon Formation 18 Application of a Pre-reformer 19 Effect of Activity on Carbon Formation

Theory of Carbon Formation in Steam Reforming

Gerard B. Hawkins

Adiabatic Reactor Analysis for Methanol Synthesis Plant Note Book Series: P...

Gerard B. Hawkins

STEAMING PROCEDURE FOR VULCAN STEAM REFORMING CATALYSTS

Gerard B. Hawkins

Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption: Case Study: #06023300 Plant Note Book Series: PNBS-0602 CONTENTS 0 SCOPE 1 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FEED CONSUMPTION 2 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION 3 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION FOR PILOT BURNERS OF FLARES 4 CALCULATION OF DEMIN. WATER FROM DEMIN. UNIT 5 CALCULATION OF DEMIN. WATER TO PACKAGE BOILERS 6 CALCULATION OF MP STEAM EXPORT 7 CALCULATION OF LP STEAM IMPORT 8 DETERMINATION OF ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION 9 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT ISBL 10 ADJUSTMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION FOR TEST RUN CONDITIONS 11 CALCULATION OF AMMONIA SHARE IN MP STEAM CONSUMPTION IN UTILITIES 12 CALCULATION OF AMMONIA SHARE IN ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION IN UTILITIES 13 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT OSBL 14 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT

Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption:

Gerard B. Hawkins

Calculation of Caloric Value and other Characteristic Data of Fuel Gas

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia Plant Technology Pre-Commissioning Best Practices GBHE-APT-0102 PICKLING & PASSIVATION CONTENTS 1 PURPOSE OF THE WORK 2 CHEMICAL CONCEPT 3 TECHNICAL CONCEPT 4 WASTES & SAFETY CONCEPT 5 TARGET RESULTS 6 THE GENERAL CLEANING SEQUENCE MANAGEMENT 6.6.1 Pre-cleaning or “Physical Cleaning 6.6.2 Pre-rinsing 6.6.3 Chemical Cleaning 6.6.4 Critical Factors in Cleaning Success 6.6.5 Rinsing 6.6.6 Inspection and Re-Cleaning, if Necessary 7 Systems to be treated by Pickling/Passivation

Pickling & Passivation

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia Plant Technology Pre-Commissioning Best Practices Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure CONTENTS 1 Scope 2 Aim/purpose 3 Responsibilities 4 Procedure 4.1 Main cleaning methods 4.1.1 Mechanical cleaning 4.1.2 Cleaning with air 4.1.3 Cleaning with steam (for steam networks only) 4.1.4 Cleaning with water 4.2 Choice of the cleaning method 4.3 Cleaning preparation 4.4 Protection of the devices included in the network 4.5 Protection of devices in the vicinity of the network 4.6 Water flushing procedure 4.6.1 Specific problems of water flushing 4.6.2 Preparation for water flushing 4.6.3 Performing a water flush 4.6.4 Cleanliness criteria 4.7 Air blowing procedure 4.7.1 Specific problems of air blowing 4.7.2 Preparation for air blowing 4.7.3 Performing air blowing 4.7.4 Cleanliness checks 4.8 Steam blowing procedure 4.8.1 Specific problems of steam blowing 4.8.2 Preparation for steam blowing 4.8.3 Performing steam blowing 4.8.4 Cleanliness checks 4.9 Chemical cleaning procedure 4.9.1 Specific problems of cleaning with a chemical solution 4.9.2 Preparation for chemical cleaning 4.9.3 Performing a chemical cleaning 4.9.4 Cleanliness criteria 4.10 Re-assembly - general guideline 4.11 Preservation of flushed piping

Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure

Gerard B. Hawkins

DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope of this Guide 1.3 Use of the Guide 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 2.1 Principal Concerns 2.2 Mechanisms for Ozone Formation 2.3 Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential 2.4 Health and Environmental Effects 2.5 Air Quality Standards for Ground Level Concentrations of Ozone, Targets for Reduction of VOC Discharges and Statutory Discharge Limits 3 VENTS REDUCTION PHILOSOPHY 3.1 Reduction at Source 3.2 End-of-pipe Treatment 4 METHODOLOGY FOR COLLECTION & ASSESSMENT OF PROCESS FLOW DATA 4.1 General 4.2 Identification of Vent Sources 4.3 Characterization of Vents 4.4 Quantification of Process Vent Flows 4.5 Component Flammability Data Collection 4.6 Identification of Operating Scenarios 4.7 Quantification of Flammability Characteristics for Combined Vents 4.8 Identification, Quantification and Assessment of Possibility of Air Ingress Routes 4.9 Tabulation of Data 4.10 Hazard Study and Risk Assessment 4.11 Note on Aqueous / Organic Wastes 4.12 Complexity of Systems 4.13 Summary 5 SAFE DESIGN OF VENT COLLECTION HEADER SYSTEMS 5.1 General 5.2 Process Design of Vent Headers 5.3 Liquid in Vent Headers 5.4 Materials of Construction 5.5 Static Electricity Hazard 5.6 Diversion Systems 5.7 Snuffing Systems 6 SAFE DESIGN OF THERMAL OXIDISERS 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Design Basis 6.3 Types of High Temperature Thermal Oxidizer 6.4 Refractories 6.5 Flue Gas Treatment 6.6 Control and Safety Systems 6.7 Project Program 6.8 Commissioning 6.9 Operational and Maintenance Management APPENDICES A GLOSSARY B FLAMMABILITY C EXAMPLE PROFORMA D REFERENCES DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS GUIDE TABLE 1 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL REFERENCED TO ETHYLENE AS UNITY FIGURES 1 SCHEMATIC OF TYPICAL VENT COLLECTION AND THERMAL OXIDIZER SYSTEM 2 TYPICAL KNOCK-OUT POT WITH LUTED DRAIN 3 SCHEMATIC OF DIVERSION SYSTEM 4 CONVENTIONAL VERTICAL THERMAL OXIDIZER 5 CONVENTIONAL OXIDIZER WITH INTEGRAL WATER SPARGER 6 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH STAGED AIR INJECTION 7 DOWN-FIRED UNIT WITH WATER BATH QUENCH 8 FLAMELESS THERMAL OXIDATION UNIT 9 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH REGENERATIVE HEAT RECOVERY 10 TYPICAL PROJECT PROGRAM 11 TYPICAL FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAM 12 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR 13 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR ON 100 Rm³ OF FLAMMABLE GAS

DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC EFFLUENT STREAMS CONTENTS 0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE 1 SCOPE 2 FIELD OF APPLICATION 3 DEFINITIONS 3.1 IPU 3.2 AOS 3.3 BODs 3.4 COD 3.5 TOC 3.6 Toxicity 3.7 Refractory Organics/Hard COD 3.8 Heavy Metals 3.9 EA 3.10 Biological Treatment Terms 3.11 BATNEEC 3.12 BPEO 3.13 EQS/LV 3.14 IPC 3.15 VOC 3.16 F/M Ratio 3.17 MLSS 3.18 MLVSS 4 DESIGN/ECONOMIC GUIDELINES 5 EUROPEAN LEGISLATION 5.1 General 5.2 Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) 5.3 Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Costs (BATNEEC) 5.4 Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) 5.5 Environmental Quality Standards(EQS) 6 IPU EXIT CONCENTRATION 7 SITE/LOCAL REQUIREMENTS 8 PROCESS SELECTION PROCEDURE 8.1 Waste Minimization Techniques (WMT) 8.2 AOS Stream Definition 8.3 Technical Check List 8.4 Preliminary Selection of Suitable Technologies 8.5 Process Sequences 8.6 Economic Evaluation 8.7 Process Selection APPENDICES A DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 1 B DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 2 C THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRIORITY CANDIDATE LIST D THE UK RED LIST E CURRENT VALUES FOR EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS AND CORRESPONDING LIMIT VALUES F ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGIES G EMERGING TECHNOLOGY H PROPRIETARY/LESS COMMON TECHNOLOGIES J COMPARATIVE COST DATA

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF A...

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs) FOREWORD CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 THE NEED FOR VOC CONTROL 3 CONTROL AT SOURCE 3.1 Choice or Solvent 3.2 Venting Arrangements 3.3 Nitrogen Blanketing 3.4 Pump Versus Pneumatic Transfer 3.5 Batch Charging 3.6 Reduction of Volumetric Flow 3.7 Stock Tank Design 4 DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT 4.1 By Inference or Calculation 4.2 Flow Monitoring Equipment 4.3 Analytical Instruments 4.4 Vent Emissions Database 5 ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY 5.1 Available Options 5.2 Selection of Preferred Option 5.3 Condensation 5.4 Adsorption 5.5 Absorption 5.6 Thermal Incineration 5.7 Catalytic Oxidation 5.8 Biological Filtration 5.9 Combinations of Process technologies 5.10 Processes Under Development 6 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 7 REFERENCES Appendix 1. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials Appendix 2. Examples of Adsorption Preliminary Calculations Appendix 3. Example of Thermal Incineration Heat and Mass Balance Appendix 4. Cost Correlations

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGA...

Gerard B. Hawkins

Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen Plant

Gerard B. Hawkins

EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 When should Emergency Isolation Valves be Installed 3 Emergency Isolation Valves and Associated Equipment 3.1 Installations on existing plant 3.2 Actuators 3.3 Power to close or power to open 3.4 The need for testing 3.5 Hand operated Emergency Valves 3.6 The need to stop pumps in an emergency 3.7 Location of Operating Buttons 3.8 Use of control valves for Isolation 4 Detection of Leaks and Fires 5 Precautions during Maintenance 6 Training Operators to use Emergency Isolation Valves 7 Emergency Isolation when no remotely operated valve is available References Glossary Appendix I Some Fires or Serious Escapes of Flammable Gases or Liquids that could have been controlled by Emergency Isolation Valves Appendix II Some typical Installations

EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DEVELOPING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS AND PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING LINE DIAGRAMS PROCESS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGY 2.1 Philosophy of the Design Process 2.2 Outline of Methodology 2.3 Additional Aspects of Methodology 3 WORKBOOK 4 EXAMPLE: BATCH NEUTRALIZATION AND STRIPPING PROCESS 4.1 Start of Stage 1 4.2 Stage 1 4.3 Stage 2 4.3 Stage 3 5 REFERENCES TABLES 1 DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2 OUTPUT FROM EACH STAGE 3 STEP BY STEP APPROACH 4 FUNCTION 5 OPERATION 6 FAILURES 7 STAGE 3 PROMPTS (DATA SHEET) 8 PRELIMINARY MASS BALANCE 9 PRELIMINARY EQUIPMENT LIST 10 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS 11 STAGE 2: DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATING STATES AND TRANSMISSIONS 12 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FIGURES 1 DESIGN PROCESS 2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY. 3 SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 4 POSSIBLE OUTCOMES FROM A KEYWORD PROMPT 5 OPERATING STATES 6 OPERATING STATES/TRANSITIONS 7 EXAMPLE: OVERALL BLOCK DIAGRAM 8 EXAMPLE: “PRIMITIVE PFD” 9 EXAMPLE: STAGE 1 “WORKING DIAGRAM”. 10 EXAMPLE: MAIN OPERATING STATES AND TRANSITIONS 11 EXAMPLE: DETAILED PFD (END OF STAGE 1) 12 EXAMPLE: STAGE 2 “WORKING DIAGRAM” 13 EXAMPLE: STAGE 3 “REV 0” ELD

PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DEVELOPING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS AND PRELIMINARY ENGINEER...

Gerard B. Hawkins

Purificación – Mecanismos de Reacción

Gerard B. Hawkins

Amine Gas Treating Unit Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems Contents Process Capabilities for gas treating process Typical Amine Treating Typical Amine System Improvements Primary Equipment Overview Inlet Gas Knockout Absorber Three Phase Flash Tank Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger Regenerator Filtration Amine Reclaimer Operating Difficulties Overview Foaming Failure to Meet Gas Specification Solvent Losses Corrosion Typical Amine System Improvements Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during Sour Gas Treating APPENDIX Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide

Amine Gas Treating Unit - Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide

Gerard B. Hawkins

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Pressure Relief Systems Vol 2

Pressure Relief Systems

GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy Gases

101 Things That Can Go Wrong on a Primary Reformer - Best Practices Guide

El impacto en el rendimiento del catalizador por envenenamiento y ensuciamien...

Theory of Carbon Formation in Steam Reforming

Adiabatic Reactor Analysis for Methanol Synthesis Plant Note Book Series: P...

STEAMING PROCEDURE FOR VULCAN STEAM REFORMING CATALYSTS

Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption:

Calculation of Caloric Value and other Characteristic Data of Fuel Gas

Pickling & Passivation

Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure

DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF A...

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Corporate and higher education. Two industries that, in the past, have had a clear divide with very little crossover. The difference in goals, learning styles and objectives paved the way for differing learning technologies platforms to evolve. Now, those stark lines are blurring as both sides are discovering they have content that’s relevant to the other. Join Tammy Rutherford as she walks through the pros and cons of corporate and higher ed collaborating. And the challenges of these different technology platforms working together for a brighter future.

Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx

Rustici Software

Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows. We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases. This video focuses on the deployment of external web forms using Jotform for Bonterra Impact Management. This solution can be customized to your organization’s needs and deployed to support the common use cases below: - Intake and consent - Assessments - Surveys - Applications - Program registration Interested in deploying web form automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.

Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...

Jeffrey Haguewood

Following the popularity of “Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data,” we’re thrilled to announce this much-anticipated encore webinar. In this sequel, we’ll dive deeper into the Cloud-Native realm by uncovering practical applications and FME support for these new formats, including COGs, COPC, FlatGeoBuf, GeoParquet, STAC, and ZARR. Building on the foundation laid by industry leaders Michelle Roby of Radiant Earth and Chris Holmes of Planet in the first webinar, this second part offers an in-depth look at the real-world application and behind-the-scenes dynamics of these cutting-edge formats. We will spotlight specific use-cases and workflows, showcasing their efficiency and relevance in practical scenarios. Discover the vast possibilities each format holds, highlighted through detailed discussions and demonstrations. Our expert speakers will dissect the key aspects and provide critical takeaways for effective use, ensuring attendees leave with a thorough understanding of how to apply these formats in their own projects. Elevate your understanding of how FME supports these cutting-edge technologies, enhancing your ability to manage, share, and analyze spatial data. Whether you’re building on knowledge from our initial session or are new to the serverless spatial data landscape, this webinar is your gateway to mastering cloud-native formats in your workflows.

Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME

Safe Software

Introduction to use of FHIR Documents in ABDM

Kumar Satyam

Accelerating FinTech Innovation: Unleashing API Economy and GenAI Vasa Krishnan, Chief Technology Officer - FinResults Apidays New York 2024: The API Economy in the AI Era (April 30 & May 1, 2024) ------ Check out our conferences at https://www.apidays.global/ Do you want to sponsor or talk at one of our conferences? https://apidays.typeform.com/to/ILJeAaV8 Learn more on APIscene, the global media made by the community for the community: https://www.apiscene.io Explore the API ecosystem with the API Landscape: https://apilandscape.apiscene.io/

Apidays New York 2024 - Accelerating FinTech Innovation by Vasa Krishnan, Fin...

apidays

💥 You’re lucky! We’ve found two different (lead) developers that are willing to share their valuable lessons learned about using UiPath Document Understanding! Based on recent implementations in appealing use cases at Partou and SPIE. Don’t expect fancy videos or slide decks, but real and practical experiences that will help you with your own implementations. 📕 Topics that will be addressed: • Training the ML-model by humans: do or don't? • Rule-based versus AI extractors • Tips for finding use cases • How to start 👨‍🏫👨‍💻 Speakers: o Dion Morskieft, RPA Product Owner @Partou o Jack Klein-Schiphorst, Automation Developer @Tacstone Technology

DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam

UiPathCommunity

The Good, the Bad and the Governed - Why is governance a dirty word? David O'Neill, Chief Operating Officer - APIContext Apidays New York 2024: The API Economy in the AI Era (April 30 & May 1, 2024) ------ Check out our conferences at https://www.apidays.global/ Do you want to sponsor or talk at one of our conferences? https://apidays.typeform.com/to/ILJeAaV8 Learn more on APIscene, the global media made by the community for the community: https://www.apiscene.io Explore the API ecosystem with the API Landscape: https://apilandscape.apiscene.io/

Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...

apidays

Three things you will take away from the session: • How to run an effective tenant-to-tenant migration • Best practices for before, during, and after migration • Tips for using migration as a springboard to prepare for Copilot in Microsoft 365 Main ideas: Migration Overview: The presentation covers the current reality of cross-tenant migrations, the triggers, phases, best practices, and benefits of a successful tenant migration Considerations: When considering a migration, it is important to consider the migration scope, performance, customization, flexibility, user-friendly interface, automation, monitoring, support, training, scalability, data integrity, data security, cost, and licensing structure Next Wave: The next wave of change includes the launch of Copilot, which requires businesses to be prepared for upcoming changes related to Copilot and the cloud, and to consolidate data and tighten governance ShareGate: ShareGate can help with pre-migration analysis, configurable migration tool, and automated, end-user driven collaborative governance

Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff

sammart93

Following the popularity of "Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data," we're thrilled to announce this much-anticipated encore webinar. In this sequel, we'll dive deeper into the Cloud-Native realm by uncovering practical applications and FME support for these new formats, including COGs, COPC, FlatGeoBuf, GeoParquet, STAC, and ZARR. Building on the foundation laid by industry leaders Michelle Roby of Radiant Earth and Chris Holmes of Planet in the first webinar, this second part offers an in-depth look at the real-world application and behind-the-scenes dynamics of these cutting-edge formats. We will spotlight specific use-cases and workflows, showcasing their efficiency and relevance in practical scenarios. Discover the vast possibilities each format holds, highlighted through detailed discussions and demonstrations. Our expert speakers will dissect the key aspects and provide critical takeaways for effective use, ensuring attendees leave with a thorough understanding of how to apply these formats in their own projects. Elevate your understanding of how FME supports these cutting-edge technologies, enhancing your ability to manage, share, and analyze spatial data. Whether you're building on knowledge from our initial session or are new to the serverless spatial data landscape, this webinar is your gateway to mastering cloud-native formats in your workflows.

Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME

Safe Software

Effective data discovery is crucial for maintaining compliance and mitigating risks in today's rapidly evolving privacy landscape. However, traditional manual approaches often struggle to keep pace with the growing volume and complexity of data. Join us for an insightful webinar where industry leaders from TrustArc and Privya will share their expertise on leveraging AI-powered solutions to revolutionize data discovery. You'll learn how to: - Effortlessly maintain a comprehensive, up-to-date data inventory - Harness code scanning insights to gain complete visibility into data flows leveraging the advantages of code scanning over DB scanning - Simplify compliance by leveraging Privya's integration with TrustArc - Implement proven strategies to mitigate third-party risks Our panel of experts will discuss real-world case studies and share practical strategies for overcoming common data discovery challenges. They'll also explore the latest trends and innovations in AI-driven data management, and how these technologies can help organizations stay ahead of the curve in an ever-changing privacy landscape.

TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery

TrustArc

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) is the most popular style of large language model application to emerge from 2023. The most basic style of RAG works by vectorizing your data and injecting it into a vector database like Milvus for retrieval to augment the text output generated by an LLM. This is just the beginning. One of the ways that we can extend RAG, and extend AI, is through multilingual use cases. Typical RAG is done in English using embedding models that are trained in English. In this talk, we’ll explore how RAG could work in languages other than English. We’ll explore French, Chinese, and Polish.

Introduction to Multilingual Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)

Zilliz

Join our latest Connector Corner webinar to discover how UiPath Integration Service revolutionizes API-centric automation in a 'Quote to Cash' process—and how that automation empowers businesses to accelerate revenue generation. A comprehensive demo will explore connecting systems, GenAI, and people, through powerful pre-built connectors designed to speed process cycle times. Speakers: James Dickson, Senior Software Engineer Charlie Greenberg, Host, Product Marketing Manager

Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...

DianaGray10

Understanding the FAA Part 107 License ..

Christopher Logan Kennedy

Six Myths about Ontologies: The Basics of Formal Ontology

johnbeverley2021

Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving

Edi Saputra

Tracing the root cause of a performance issue requires a lot of patience, experience, and focus. It’s so hard that we sometimes attempt to guess by trying out tentative fixes, but that usually results in frustration, messy code, and a considerable waste of time and money. This talk explains how to correctly zoom in on a performance bottleneck using three levels of profiling: distributed tracing, metrics, and method profiling. After we learn to read the JVM profiler output as a flame graph, we explore a series of bottlenecks typical for backend systems, like connection/thread pool starvation, invisible aspects, blocking code, hot CPU methods, lock contention, and Virtual Thread pinning, and we learn to trace them even if they occur in library code you are not familiar with. Attend this talk and prepare for the performance issues that will eventually hit any successful system. About authorWith two decades of experience, Victor is a Java Champion working as a trainer for top companies in Europe. Five thousands developers in 120 companies attended his workshops, so he gets to debate every week the challenges that various projects struggle with. In return, Victor summarizes key points from these workshops in conference talks and online meetups for the European Software Crafters, the world’s largest developer community around architecture, refactoring, and testing. Discover how Victor can help you on victorrentea.ro : company training catalog, consultancy and YouTube playlists.

Finding Java's Hidden Performance Traps @ DevoxxUK 2024

Victor Rentea

FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024

The Digital Insurer

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