Eclipse Modeling & MoDisco - An Introduction to Modeling and (Model Driven) Reverse Engineering

Eclipse Modeling
& MoDisco
An Introduction to Modeling and
(Model Driven) Reverse Engineering
Hugo Brunelière
Nantes (France)
September 2011

21/09/2011 © AtlanMod - atlanmod-contact@mines-nantes.fr 1

Outline
 AtlanMod: an expert research team in Modeling
 Modeling in General…
– Base definitions
– MDE core techniques
 Modeling in Eclipse…
– Modeling inside/with Eclipse.org
– EclipseLabs labeled “Modeling”
 Modeling in Practice…
– MDE implantation in the market
– AtlanMod situation in this big picture
 Model Driven Reverse Engineering (MDRE) & MoDisco
– General approach & possible scenarios
– Eclipse-MDT MoDisco as a MDRE solution
– MoDisco architecture and main components
 MoDisco in Action…


AtlandMod: an Expert Research Team
in MDE/Modeling
 A common team
between INRIA, Ecole Application Driven Research
“Pôles de compétitivité”
des Mines de Nantes Virtuous triangle
(EMN) & LINA
 Expertise on Model
Labs (scientific experts)

Driven Engineering
(MDE)
 Focus on “Modeling OMG
Technologies for Eclipse
Open source
Software Production, Etc.
Evolution, and
SMEs Big Companies
Operation” (technology providers) (end-users)


Modeling in General…


Model Driven Engineering (MDE)
/ Modeling
 Modeling: abstracting a (usually simplified) view
from a complex reality
– Objective: use the appropriate abstraction level!
– Simple principle: “Everything is a model”
MDSD
(software
development)
MDE
(engineering)

MDSD

MDE


Models & Metamodels

 A simple example
 The city center
of Nantes = a
system to be
modeled

 A map is a
model of this
system

 Its legend is a
metamodel


Models & Metamodels

 Definitions

A model is the result, System Metamodel
obtained automatically, S MM
semi-automatically or fully
manually, of the observation representation of conforms to
of a system considering a given
metamodel with specific objectives
or purposes.
Model M
Examples of metamodels:
UML2, Java, SQL, MS Word, etc.
Sales, banking or insurance domains, etc.


The 3-level Modeling Stack

Metametamodel MOF
EBNF
M3 (or Ecore)
conforms to conforms to conforms to


Metamodel Java language
UML2
M2 grammar


A UML A Java
Model M1
class diagram program


MDE vs. MDA

 MDE – Model Driven Engineering
– Generic term for everything that is “Modeling”
– Principles, techniques, tooling and applications
 MDA – Model Driven Architecture
– An Object Management Group (OMG) trademark
– An interpretation of MDE
 Overall architecture and
underlying standards
 No implementations of
the specifications!


MDE Core Technique/Operation:
Model Transformation
 Models are designed/built/generated to be
– Observed
– Transformed
 A simple “MDE Equation”
– Models + Transformations = Software
http://modeling-languages.com/models-transformations-software/

 Transform models into:
– Other models
– Source code
– Structured/unstructured data
– Etc.


MDE Core Technique/Operation:
Model Transformation
 Model-to-Model Transformation (M2M)
– Semantic or syntactic mappings at model level

Java ATL UML2
Metamodel Metamodel Metamodel

Conforms to
Conforms to Conforms to

Transformation
Java-to-UML2

Model a Model b


Other MDE Core
Techniques/Operations…
 Model-to-Text Transformation (M2T)
– Code generation, data generation
 Model decoration
– Annotation of existing models
 Model weaving
– Linking, merging, composition, etc
 Model extension
– Dynamically (at runtime) or statically
 Global model management
– Model metadata handling


Domain Specific Languages (1)

 DSLs vs GPLs?
– GPL = General Purpose Language
 Cover a wide variety of application domains
– E.g., several well-know GPLs for programming
 C/C++, Java, C#, etc.

 General Purpose Modeling Languages (GPMLs)
– A simple principle: a single language for
modeling everything
– Most famous GPML is UML



 DSL: a language dedicated to a given domain or
a specific range of problems
– “formally” introduced quite recently
– Already used since a long time ago in practice
 Some well-known DSL examples
– Unix Shell scripts, a DSL for data organization
– HTML, a DSL for defining structured Web pages
– CSS, a DSL for the layout of these Web pages
– SQL, a DSL for database querying
– And many others…


 What a DSL actually is?
– An abstract syntax defining the handled
concepts
 A metamodel or domain model
– One or several concrete syntaxes
 Textual and/or graphical
– A related manipulation tooling
 For the DSL and underlying models

 Eclipse “Modeling” provides support for this…

Modeling in Eclipse…


What is Eclipse? (1)

 A not-for-profit corporation
– The Eclipse Foundation
– Funded in January 2004
 From 2001 to 2003, only a consortium
– Borland, IBM, Rational, RedHat, etc.
– Headquarters in Ottawa, Canada

 Development platform, runtimes and
application frameworks
– Building, deploying and managing Software
– Much more than only a Java IDE!!!


What is Eclipse? (2)

 An open source community & ecosystem
– Based on meritocracy, transparent processes &
public communications
– But supported by the main actors in IT
 IBM, Oracle, SAP, Google, Nokia, etc.

 A different business model
– Core software components given to the community
– Proprietary software can freely rely on them
– Dedicated support & service are sold around them
– Benefits made on the domain/technical expertise


Eclipse Structure

 The Foundation staff (13 persons)
– Direction
– Marketing
– Ecosystem management
– Legal affairs
– Webmasters

 Eclipse committers in the various projects
(situation in September 2011)
– More than 570 regularly active committers (and
more than 1400 in total)
– More than 60 different organizations/companies


Eclipse Top-level Projects (1)

 Eclipse Project (i.e., the Eclipse Platform itself)
– Support for all the other projects
 Data Tools Platform
– Data centric technologies (extensible frameworks and
exemplary tools, e.g., for SQL)
 Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools (BIRT)
– Reporting system for Web applications
 Eclipse Modeling Project
– Plenty of cool “modeling” stuffs… (detailed right after!)
 Eclipse Technology Project
– Technology explorations or incubators (various domains)
 Mylyn
– Task-Focused Interface for Eclipse


Eclipse Top-level Projects (2)

 RT
– Intermediate services for complex environments
– Based on Equinox framework and OSGI
 SOA Tools Platform Project
– Frameworks and exemplary extensible tools dedicated to
SOA
 Tools Project
– Support for different technologies (C/C++, PHP, etc)
 Test and Performance Tools Platform Project
– Frameworks and services for testing and evaluation
 Eclipse Web Tools Platform Project
– Tools for developing Web and Java EE applications


The Eclipse Modeling Project (1)

 EMP (http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/)
– Evolution and promotion of model-based
development technologies
– A unified set of modeling frameworks,
tooling, and implementations of standards
– Included technologies based on the
Eclipse Modeling
Framework (EMF)



 Abstract Syntax Development
(modeling core infrastructure)
– Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF)

 Concrete Syntax Development
– Graphical Modeling Project (GMP)
– Textual Modeling Framework (TMF)

 Model Development Tools (MDT)
– Tooling for “Modeling” standards


 Model Transformation
– Model-to-Model Transformation (M2M)
– Model-to-Text Transformation (M2T)

 Amalgam
– Packaging, integration and usability of
Modeling Projects components

 Technology and Innovation
– Eclipse Modeling Framework Technology
(EMFT), incubator for EMF-related tools


Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF)
Ecore
 The EMF core
metametamodel

 Definition of
metamodels
(or domain
models)

 A de-facto
standard for
modeling…


Eclipse Modeling Framework
(EMF) Project
 Core modeling framework
– Complete model handling API (Java)
– Generative approach
 Java code generation from metamodel definition
– Reflexive approach
 Dynamic handling of models via the generic API

 Related support
– Scalability (CDO)
– Comparison (EMF Compare)
– Querying (Model Query)
– Transactions (Model Transaction)
– Validation (Validation Framework)
– And a few others

Eclipse Modeling Framework Technologies
(EMFT) Project
 Incubator for technologies extending/complementing EMF
– New tools may be integrated in EMF later…

 Some of the included (sub)projects
– EMF Facet
 Dynamic extension of models
– EEF (Extended Editing Framework)
 Generation of forms for editing models
– Ecore Tools
 Graphical Ecore model editor
– MWE (Modeling Workflow Engine)
 Orchestration of model processing workflows
– EMF Index
 Indexing of big models…


Model Development Tools
(MDT) Project
 Industry standard modeling (big “M”)
– EMF-based implementation of standards, related tooling
 Some of the included (sub)projects
– MoDisco
 Model Driven Reverse Engineering framework
– UML2 (Unified Modeling Language)
– BPMN2 (Business Process Model and Notation)
– OCL (Object Constraint Language),
– SBVR (Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules)
– Papyrus
 Model edition environment for UML, SysML, MARTE…
– XSD (XML Schema Definition)
 Manipulation API for XML schemas and documents


Model To Model (M2M) &
Model To Text (M2T) Projects
 M2M: declarative languages and technologies for model-to-model
transformation
– ATL (AtlanMod Transformation Language)
 Full implementation
– Operational QVT
 Partial implementation
– Declarative QVT
 No implementation
 M2T: template languages and technologies for generation of
textual artifacts from models
– Acceleo
 OMG MTL standard implementation and tooling
– Xpand
 Statically-typed template environment
– Jet
 Older code generation facilities


Concrete Syntax Development Projects

 GMP (Graphical Modeling Project): development of
graphical DSLs and related editors
– GMF Runtime
 Common application framework
– GMF Tooling vs. Graphiti
 Two solutions relying on GMF Runtime
 TMF (Textual Modeling Framework): development of
textual DSLs and related editors
– Xtext
 Grammar-to-metamodel generative approach
– TCS (Textual Concrete Syntaxes)
 Metamodel-to-grammar generative approach


“Modeling” Eclipse Labs
 Eclipse Labs vs. Eclipse Projects
– Hosted on code.google.com, not on Eclipse Foundation servers
– Less constraints: experimentations, innovative prototypes
 Some interesting EMF-related tools available as Eclipse Labs
– Virtual EMF
 Transparent composition, weaving and linking of models
– EMF Profile
 Profile support for EMF-based models
– EMFtoCSP
 Formal verification of models using constraint programming
– Bundle Configuration for Build
 Automated initialization of build configurations from OSGI
bundles
– EMFPath
 Google Guava extension and utilities for EMF (navigation)
– yakindu
 Model-driven development toolkit for embedded systems

Modeling in Practice…


MDE Implantation in the Market (1)

 Some companies working actively on MDE
– Worldwide

– From France

 Some big companies using MDE



 Common uses of MDE in companies
– (Business) Process Modeling (e.g., BPMN)
– Forward Engineering
 Software design and specification
 Software development process automation
(notably code generation)
– Reverse Engineering (from legacy systems)
 Software design/specification recovery
 Software migration
– Quality assurance (of Software and related data)
 Checking, verification, validation
– Interoperability (between tools, data, ISs)
 Make the present/future work with the past
(legacy)


 So finally, do we put “Modeling” inside companies? (YES,
but…)
– Right amount of modeling (positive pains/gains ratio)
– Potential initial decrease of productivity (mid/long-term
investment)
– Social and organizational aspects (adoption guidelines)


AtlandMod Involvement in “Modeling”

 Model Transformation
– M2M ATL (collaboration with Obeo)

 Model Dynamic Extension
– EMFT EMF Facet (collaboration with Mia-
Software)

 Model Driven Reverse Engineering
– MDT MoDisco (collaboration with Mia-Software)

 Model Weaving
– GMT AMW (prototype)

AtlandMod Involvement in “Modeling”

 Model Virtual Linking/Composition
– Virtual EMF (prototype on Eclipse Labs)
 Model Verification
– EMFToCSP (prototype on Eclipse Labs)
 Model Annotation/Decoration
– EMF Profile (prototype on Eclipse Labs)

 Global Model Management
– AM3 (part of MoDisco, prototype)
 DSL Textual Concrete Syntaxes
– TMF TCS (prototype)


Now Let’s Focus on
MDRE and MoDisco…


Different Possible
Reverse Engineering Scenarios

Legacy Technologies Outputs

Scenarios
Source code Metrics

• Quality Analysis
Databases Models
• Understanding
• Code Refactoring
Configuration • Technical Migration
files New system
• Etc

Other sources Documentation


Model Driven Reverse Engineering
(MDRE) Approach
 Use models to represent and manipulate
artifacts from existing systems

Existing Discover Understand Transform
Legacy System

Software artifacts :
New
- source code Models Viewpoints
- configuration files Software Artifacts
- tests
- database
-…


(MDRE) Approach
 Discover Java metamodel

MoDisco
Java
conforms to
Discoverer

Java source code Java model
JUnit3 code JUnit3

 Navigate MoDisco
Model Browser


(MDRE) Approach
 Understand
Java model
JUnit3

Java JUnit3
Customization Facets

MoDisco Models uses
ModelBrowser

JUnit3

 Extract Queries


(MDRE) Approach
 Transform

JUnit3 to JUnit4
M2M Transformation

Java model Java model
JUnit3 JUnit4

JUnit3
Facets

 Regenerate Java source code
JUnit4 code


Eclipse-MDT MoDisco

An Eclipse framework to support
the elaboration of
solutions

 Official Eclipse Modeling project (in MDT)
 Open-source (EPL)
 Based on other Eclipse Modeling projects
 Released with Helios & Indigo

 Supported by the OMG
 Reference implementations for ADM (Architecture
 Driven Modernization) standards:
 KDM (Knowledge Discovery Metamodel)
 SMM (Structured Metrics Metamodel)
 ASTM (Abstract Syntax Tree Metamodel)


MoDisco: Global Architecture
Supported Technologies
Java ...
JSP XML
Metamodel Metamodel
Metamodel
Discoverer Discoverer
Discoverer
Generator Generator
Generator
Transfo. to KDM/UML

Discovery Model Customization OMG/ADM
Manager Browser & Extensibility Standards

Plug and orchestrate Navigation through Definition of Pivot metamodels
transformations complex models specific viewpoints (KDM, ASTM, SMM)

Infrastructure

Eclipse Modeling projects

MoDisco Model Browser

 A feature-rich Ecore model browser
 Generic
(metamodel-
independent)

 Customizable
(display, fonts,
colors, icons,
etc.)

 Advanced
navigation &
search
capabilities


MoDisco Discoverer Manager

 Define and register model discoverers
– Support for different legacy technologies


MoDisco Workflow

 Specify reverse engineering processes
– Chain discoverers, transformations & generations


MoDisco Support for Java

 Technology-specific components for Java
 Complete
metamodel

 Corresponding
discoverer &
generator

 Transformation
to KDM

 Advanced
composite
discoverer
(Java + KDM)


MoDisco Support for JEE

 Technology-specific components for JEE
 Complete JSP
metamodel &
corresponding
discoverer
 Discoverers for
web.xml & ejb-
jar.xml files
(based on XML)
+ generic
framework
 JEE queries &
facets (based
on Java)


MoDisco Support for XML

 Technology-specific components for XML
 Generic support
(XSD- or DTD-
independent)

 Complete
metamodel
(based W3C
specification)

 Corresponding
discoverer


MoDisco in Action…


Thanks for your attention!

 Useful links
– Eclipse Modeling Project
 http://eclipse.org/modeling/
– Eclipse Labs “Modeling”
 http://code.google.com/a/eclipselabs.org/hosting/search?q=label%3a
Modeling
– Eclipse-MDT MoDisco project
 http://www.eclipse.org/MoDisco

 AtlanMod Contact
– Hugo Bruneliere
 R&D engineer & MoDisco project co-leader
 hugo.bruneliere@inria.fr


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