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Gender Research Methods and Findings from IFPRI
- 1. Gender Research for Agnostics: Methods and Findings from IFPRI’s Gender and Intrahousehold Research Program Agnes R. Quisumbing
- 8. Are there gender differences in outcomes ? The case of yields on male and female plots in Burkina Faso (Udry, JPE 1996; Alderman et al. 1996 Udry et al. Food Policy 1997) HH-year-crop HH-year HH-year-crop Fixed effect categories 11.91 (0.00) 19.49 (0.00) 1.69 (0.02) Joint F-statistic (p-value) 15 21 20 No of indicator variables for soil type, toposequence, plot location -0.28 -0.30 -0.17 Ln plot area -0.21 -0.41 -0.18 Gender (1=female) Vegetables Sorghum All crops Dependent variable: yield per hectare of OLS estimates
- 9. Are there gender differences in determinants ? Example 1. Determinants of input intensity at the plot level, Burkina Faso HH-year-crop HH-year-crop HH-year-crop HH-year-crop HH-year-crop Fixed effect categories 42.3(0.0) 10.0(0.0) 74.6(0.0) 42.6(0.0) 27.7(0.0) Joint F-statistic (p-value) 19 19 19 20 20 No. of indicator variables for soil type, toposequence, plot location -6.1 -181 -112 -316 -219 Ln plot area -13.7 -451 -199 42.72 -679 Gender (1=female) Non-hh Child Female Male Manure (kg/ha) Hours of labor (per hectare) Inputs (fixed effects tobit estimator)
- 10. Are there gender differences in determinants ? Example 2. The case of cocoa yields in Western Ghana (Quisumbing et al. EDCC 2001) (n=391) Regressors included characteristics of parcel at acquisition, tree variety dummies, tree age variables, and land tenure variables -74.14 (p=0.11) -1.58 -11.12 Yield/ha (random effects) -74.90 -0.049 Female-held parcel -3.48 -0.028 Parcel size -18.36 0.16 Distance to parcel Yield/ha (hh fixed effects) Proportion planted to cocoa (tobit with hh dummies)
- 17. Women bring less to the marriage than men 5.0 5.2 Years of schooling 0.7 2.1 Count of assets at marriage South Africa 5.5 6.4 Years of schooling 659.2 2615.0 Assets at marriage Guatemala 1.3 1.9 Years of schooling 461 2,739 Assets at marriage (1997 birr) Ethiopia 1.7 3.2 Years of schooling 7,064 81,929 Assets at marriage (1996 taka) Bangladesh Wife Husband
- 20. Summary of expenditure shares regressions Wife-Husband Wife-Husband Positive Negative Positive Wife-Husband Negative Positive Wife-Husband Husband assets Wife assets Cigarettes/alcohol share Husband assets Wife assets Child clothes share Husband assets Positive Positive Wife assets Education share Negative Positive Husband assets Positive Wife assets Food share South Africa Ethiopia Sumatra, Indonesia Bangladesh
- 24. Share of resources depends on bargaining power, but women control fewer resources than men
- 28. Improving women’s status and resources improves child health and nutrition Contributions to reductions in child malnutrition, 1970-95 Source: Smith and Haddad 2000