The document summarizes key aspects of teamwork based on the research of Frank LaFasto and Carl Larson. It discusses 5 dynamics of effective teamwork: 1) competent team members, 2) unified relationships based on openness and support, 3) focused problem-solving, 4) collaborative leadership, and 5) supportive organizational environments that provide resources and clear priorities. The best time to improve teamwork is now by focusing on these dynamics.
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Teamwork: What It Really Means and How It Works
1. “The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best
time is now.” - Chinese proverb
Teamwork:
What it Really Means
and How it Really Works
3. Frank LaFasto and Carl Larson
• 1989: TeamWork: What Must Go Right/What
Can Go Wrong
• 2001: When Teams Work Best - 6,000 Team
Members and Leaders Tell What it Takes to
Succeed
4. Frank LaFasto and Carl Larson
(continued)
• Began working together in 1981
• LaFasto - Senior Vice President of
Organizational Effectiveness for Cardinal
Health, Inc.
• Larson - Professor of Human
Communication, University of Denver
5. First Sample
• Boeing 747 design team
• United States space command planning team
• Mountain climbing teams
• Space shuttle Challenger
• Accident (Pres. Commission)
• Cardiac surgery teams
• National championship athletic teams
6. TeamWork: What Must Go Right/
What Can Go Wrong
• Clear, elevating goal
• Results-driven structure
• Competent team members
• Unified commitment
• Collaborative climate
• Standards of excellence
• External support and recognition
• Principled leadership
7. When Teams Work Best
• 600 teams/6,000 team members
• Airline, auto, banking/finance, chemical,
computer, distribution, education, food,
healthcare, insurance, industrial equipment,
law enforcement, legal, retail, sports,
telecommunications, utilities
8. Five Dynamics of Teamwork
and Collaboration
• Team member
• Team relationships
• Team problem solving
• Team leadership
• Organizational environment
9. 1. Team Member - Working Knowledge
• Experience
• Problem-solving ability
10. Team Member - Teamwork Factors
• Openness
• Openness Issues:
– Communication climate
– Results
– Policies and bureaucracy
– Planning
– Role clarity
– Performance issues
– Passive Conspiracy
11. Team Member - Teamwork Factors
(continued)
• Supportiveness
• Action orientation
• Personal style
12. Team Member – Putting It To Work
• Collaborative Team Member Rating Sheet
“ Everybody thinks of changing humanity, and
nobody thinks of changing himself.”
- Leo Tolstoy
13. 2. Team Relationships
• Best and worst relationship exercise
• Research/best relationships:
• Constructive for both people
• Productive
• Mutual understanding
• Self-corrective
14. Team Relationships (continued)
• Research/most important - Openness and
supportiveness
• Research/most challenging - Dealing with
contention
15. Team Relationships - Connect Model
• Commit to the relationship
• Optimize safety
• Narrow the discussion to one issue
• Neutralize defensiveness
• Explain and echo each perspective
• Change one behavior each
• Track it
16. Team Relationships –
Putting It To Work
• Plan conversation with team member where
relationship could be better.
“A long dispute means that both parties are wrong.”
-Voltaire
17. 3. Problem Solving
• Focus
• Climate
• Communication
“Search all the parks, in all our cities. You’ll find no
statues of committees.”
-David Ogilvy
19. Team Problem Solving -
The Single Question Format
• Identify the issue
• Create a collaborative setting - agree on
principles for discussion; surface any
assumptions and biases.
• Identify and analyze the issues
• Identify possible solutions
• Resolve the single question
20. Team Problem Solving –
Putting It To Work
• Describe your team’s goal - what tangible, concrete
outcome trying to achieve?
• Describe the energies (mental, physical, spiritual)
that members of the team have focused, or should
be focusing, on the goal.
• Is the team’s energy drained away from the goal?
If so, where is it going? If so, is this impacting
team’s success?
• What could help the team regain focus on goal?
What is your role in this?
21. 4. Team Leader
• Focuses on the Goal
– Defines goal in a clear and elevating way
– Does not play politics
– Keeps the goal alive
– Helps individuals align their role and
responsibilities with team goal
– Reinforces goal in fresh and exciting ways
– If goal adjustment is needed, makes sure team
knows why
22. Team Leader (continued)
• Ensures a collaborative climate
– Makes communication safe
– Demands a collaborative approach
– Rewards collaborative behavior
– Guides the team problem-solving efforts
– Manages ego and personal control needs
23. Team Leader (continued)
• Builds confidence
– Gets results
– Makes team members smart about key issues and
facts
– Exhibits trust by assigning responsibility
– Is fair and impartial
– Accentuates the positive
– Says “thank you”
25. Team Leader (continued)
• Sets priorities
– What must happen and what must not
– Changing priorities
26. Team Leader (continued)
• Manages performance
– Requires results: make performance expectations
clear
– Review results: give constructive feedback and
resolve performance issues
– Reward results: recognize superior performance
27. Team Leader – Putting It To Work
• Collaborative team leader questionnaire
“My responsibility is to get my 25 guys playing for
the name on the front of their shirt and not the one
on the back.”
-Tommy Lasorda
28. 5. Organizational Environment
• Management practices
– Clear direction and priorities
– Balances resources and demands
– Establishes clear operating principles
29. Organizational Environment
(continued)
• Structure and processes
– Effective processes - foster effective decision
making, keep people connected
– Effective communication processes - align
information, understanding, and effort.
30. Organizatonal Environment
(continued)
• Systems
– Necessity of reliable information
– Relevant rewards drive required results
– Standards lead to consistency and fairness
31. Organizational Environment -
Putting It To Work
• Three dimensions of organizational
environment
“I never worry about action, but only about
inaction.”
-Winston Churchill