Thermal agents such as cryotherapy use cold temperatures to provide therapeutic benefits to injuries. Cold application causes vasoconstriction, reduces inflammation and pain, and decreases cell metabolism, allowing tissues to survive with less oxygen. The optimal temperature range for cryotherapy is between 32-65°F. Applying ice for 10-30 minutes can reduce skin temperature enough to provide benefits like analgesia or reduce intra-articular temperatures in joints. Precautions must be taken with certain medical conditions or injuries. Overall, cryotherapy facilitates recovery when used appropriately in conjunction with rest, compression, elevation and early movement.

1. Thermal Agents: Cryotherapy KIN 195

5. Classification of temperatures: for treatment purposes, are classified as follows: