Using rheology to determine a process control parameter or for quality control/assurance

1. Using Rheology to Solve an Applications Problem for Process Control or Quality Assurance. By: John Casola , Malvern Instruments & Dr. Randy West , National Center for Asphalt Technology At Auburn University (NCAT)

3. Paint Shear Stress (Pa) or Shear Rate (s-1) Viscosity (Pa . s Hard to apply / Poor Coverage Splatter / Poor Coverage Stipple Orange Peel Running Dripping Rheological Index A B C

4. Epoxy time (s) or Temperature ( o C) Viscosity (Pa . s Modulus G’ G” (Pa) Initial Viscosity Minimum Viscosity Gel-Cure Time/Temp Ultimate Modulus

5. Paper Coating Viscosity (Pa . s Shear Rate (s-1) A B C D Rate at Blade / Nip Film thickness Dry time

10. Equi-Viscous Method (rotational viscosity or Brookfield test) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 10 5 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 Temperature,  C Viscosity, Pa  s Compaction Range Mixing Range

11. Modified have significantly different temperature susceptibility Modified Neat 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 10 5 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 Temperature,  C Viscosity, Pa  s Compaction Range Mixing Range

13. Asphalt Binders In the Test Plan Polymer modified grade unmodified grade B -40 C E A -34 I O D -28 M, N G,H,L F -22 J -16 K -10 PG 82 PG 76 PG 70 PG 64 PG 58 PG 52 Temp Range (C)

14. Asphalts Tested Air Blown All these asphalt binders have the same modulus at the TruGrade Un-Modified Modified

17. Mix Workability Test

21. Viscosity at 135 o C Newtonian Behavior is Predominate

22. Viscosity at 100 o C Some of the Modified begin to show Non-Newtonian Behavior

24. Dynamic Shear Rheology Comparing 2 Binders; Neat vs. Modified

25. Actual Rheological Results

26. Asphalt A Time Temperature Superposition to 80 o C

27. Sample A Identify Freq at Phase of 86 o at a Temperature of 80 o C

28. Sample A Freq = 118.45rad/sec Phase = 86.06 o Temp = 80 o C

29. Asphalt B Freq = 1.100 Phase = 86.08 Temp = 80C

30. Asphalt C Freq = 0.206035 Phase = 85.98 Temp = 80C

31. Asphalt D Freq=122.563 Phase=85.98 Temp=80C

32. Asphalt E Freq= 37.85 Phase= 86.17 Temp= 80C

33. Asphalt F Freq = 74.57 Phase = 86.3 Temp = 80C

34. Asphalt G Freq = 0.0265 Phase = 85.96 Temp = 80C

35. Asphalt H Freq = 0.2206 Phase = 86.1 Temp = 80C

36. Asphalt I Freq = 2.975 Phase = 86.05 Temp = 80C

37. Asphalt J Freq=565.2rad/sec Phase=85.97 o Temp=80C

38. Sample K Freq = 800 Phase = 86 Temp = 80C

39. Asphalt M Freq = 0.0684 Phase = 85.9 Temp = 80C

40. Comparison of ranking Indicated we had the right approach Un-Modified Modified

41. Created Mix Temperature Chart Freq at Phase of 86 o vs. Experimental Temp Results

42. Identify a model fit

44. Predicted Mix & Compaction Temperatures

45. The Procedure…AASHTO & ASTM